(Test Bank) An Introduction To Brain And Behavior

Macmillan, 6

Social Science

Test Bank

6th Edition

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Test Bank for An Introduction To Brain And Behavior, The downloadable file consists of 380 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.72 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Macmillan

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Test Bank for An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 6e Macmillan (All Answer at the End of Chapter) Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The functions of the temporal lobes lie mainly in: a. decision making. b. hearing, language, and music. c. sensory processing and directing movements toward objects. d. vision. 2. Animals with both a brain and a spinal cord are called: a. mammals. b. eukaryotic. c. primates. d. chordates. 3. _____ is the complex learned behaviors passed on from one generation to another. a. Neoteny b. Evolution c. Culture d. Intelligence 4. Mentalism is: a. the study of the mind. b. mental imagery. c. the notion that the mind is responsible for behavior. d. another word for mindfulness. 5. Which sequences is correct? a. phylum, order, class, family, genus, species b. phylum, class, order, family, genus, species c. phylum, class, family, order, genus, species d. phylum, family, class, order, genus, species 6. Dunbar proposed that group sizes of _____ tend to be correlated with increased brain size in primates. a. about 50 b. about 100 c. about 150 d. more than 200 7. The notion that all behavior can be explained by the workings of the brain is commonly referred to as: a. psychology. b. experimentalism. c. materialism. d. dualism. 8. The notion that the mind resides in the pineal body comes from: a. Charles Darwin. b. René Descartes. c. Aristotle. d. Socrates. 9. Research has indicated that the pineal body is responsible for _____ rather than controlling human behavior. a. vision b. problem solving c. movement d. biological rhythms 10. Sexual behavior is a primary function of the: a. thalamus. b. hypothalamus. c. gyrus fornicutus. d. red nucleus. 11. There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves. a. 12 b. 24 c. 16 d. 8 12. The parietal lobe primarily controls: a. vision. b. hearing, language, and music. c. decision making. d. sensory processing and directing movements toward objects. 13. Coronal section is to horizontal section as: a. frontal view is to dorsal view. b. medial view is to frontal view. c. frontal view is to medial view. d. dorsal view is to medial view. 14. Parkinson disease and Tourette syndrome are neurological diseases associated with the: a. cerebellum. b. frontal lobes. c. basal ganglia. d. thalamus. 15. What does "plasticity" refer to? a. a body's potential for change b. a body's reaction to plastic c. a body's muscular flexibility d. a body's behavioral adaptability 16. Humans, monkeys, Neanderthals, and chimpanzees all belong to the same: a. species. b. genus. c. family. d. order. 17. Why is the SARGP2 gene significant in human evolution? a. It contributes to the large number of densely packed neurons in the human brain and has mutated twice in the course of human evolution. b. It controls brain size and has mutated each time a new Homo species has appeared in human evolution. c. It is the only gene shared between archaic humans, apes, and modern humans. d. It is active when the cerebrum is developing and has mutated three times over the course of human evolution. 18. Six layers of gray matter on top of a layer of white matter would describe the: a. limbic cortex. b. basal ganglia. c. neocortex. d. cingulate cortex. 19. In the human brain the mesencephalon contains the: a. neocortex. b. cerebellum. c. tectum and tegmentum. d. medulla. 20. Which sequence of events describes the evolution of brain cells and muscles? a. Brain cells evolved long before the evolution of muscles. b. Brain cells evolved first, and then muscles evolved shortly after. c. Muscles evolved first, and then brain cells evolved shortly after. d. Brain cells and muscles evolved together. 21. Motor output from the spinal cord travels via the: a. dorsal spinal cord. b. ventral spinal cord. c. medial spinal cord. d. lateral spinal cord. 22. During a recent car accident, Allison suffered a brain injury that left her blind even though her eyes are working fine. She is most likely to have suffered damage to her: a. occipital lobe. b. frontal lobe. c. temporal lobe. d. parietal lobe. 23. What process is responsible for allowing some chickens to run around even after their heads have been cut off? a. integrating spinal functions b. integrating cranial functions c. parietal lobe functions d. malfunction of the cranial nerve 24. Animals with smaller brains and simpler nervous systems have mostly _____ behaviors, whereas animals with larger brains and more complex nervous systems have mostly _____ behaviors. a. learned; inherited b. inherited; learned c. innate; inherited d. learned; innate 25. Which of our human ancestors had the largest brain size? a. Australopithecus b. Neanderthals c. Homo habilis d. Homo erectus 26. Although the elephant brain contains many more neurons than the human brain, most of these additional neurons are located in the elephant's: a. cerebellum. b. cerebrum. c. spinal cord. d. brain stem. 27. The caudate nucleus and the putamen are part of the: a. basal ganglia. b. limbic system. c. olfactory system. d. hindbrain. 28. What are the functions of the superior and inferior colliculi, respectively? a. auditory and visual b. visual and auditory c. tactile and visual d. visual and tactile 29. Modern Europeans may have acquired genes that helped them adapt to the cold and absorb more vitamin D through interbreeding with: a. Homo habilis . b. Homo erectus . c. Neanderthals. d. Australopithecus . 30. A group of organisms that can breed among themselves is called a: a. genus. b. species. c. phylum. d. genotype. 31. The radiator hypothesis is a theory relating to cooling of the brain by: a. blood flow. b. cerebral spinal fluid. c. blood flow and cerebral spinal fluid. d. None of the answers is correct. 32. Why is the olfactory system unique among human senses? a. The olfactory system is part of the limbic system. b. The olfactory system is almost entirely a forebrain structure. c. The olfactory system is almost entirely a hindbrain structure. d. The olfactory system is one of the newest senses to have evolved in animals. 33. The branch of biology that is concerned with naming and classifying species is: a. genetics. b. embryology. c. taxonomy. d. evolutionary biology. 34. If a tree falls in the forest, does it make a sound if no one is present? a. Yes, because sound is a physical phenomenon. b. Yes, because if you record the noise and play it again later, you will hear it. c. No, because sound is a fabrication of the human brain. d. This is an unanswerable philosophical question. 35. According to Mesoudi, language, music, mathematics, and art may have spread through cultures by way of: a. genetics. b. learning. c. religion. d. memes. 36. What is the term for an infection of the brain caused by invading viruses or microorganisms? a. encephalitis b. meningitis c. craniitis d. hemispheritis 37. What does the behavior of octopi tell us about nervous system organization and intelligent behavior? a. Only vertebrates have nervous systems complex enough for intelligent behavior. b. Invertebrates are incapable of learning complex behaviors. c. Intelligent behavior does not require a vertebrate nervous system organization. d. Intelligent behavior is linked to one type of nervous system. 38. The term afferent refers to _____ signals. a. incoming b. outgoing c. different d. similar 39. One of the benefits of neoteny is that it allows: a. time for more brain cells to be produced. b. greater genetic diversity. c. greater variety in diet. d. None of the answers is correct. 40. The allocortex contains which of the following structures? a. the hippocampus and the amygdala b. the hippocampus and the hypothalamus c. the hypothalamus and the thalamus d. the diencephalon and the amygdala 41. A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by: a. a blood clot. b. a ruptured blood vessel. c. an embolism. d. All of the answers are correct. 42. The basal ganglia primarily controls: a. decision making. b. voluntary movement. c. learning and memory. d. processing of sound. 43. Which living animal has an encephalization quotient that is closest to that of modern humans? a. chimpanzee b. elephant c. blue whale d. dolphin 44. Homo sapiens coexisted with: a. Homo erectus . b. Homo habilis . c. Neanderthals. d. Australopithecus . 45. Humans, tigers, dogs, and monkeys are all part of the same: a. species. b. class. c. genus. d. family. 46. Crossbill birds have a beak that is designed to eat pine cones. If we trim the beak, the bird is unable to eat pine cones. This example illustrates: a. fixed behavior. b. flexible behavior. c. learned behavior. d. adaptive behavior. 47. A person who has trouble locating the source of stimulation on the skin most likely has damage to the: a. temporal lobe. b. parietal lobe. c. occipital lobe. d. frontal lobe. 48. Humans and chimpanzees shared a common ancestor approximately: a. 2–4 million years ago. b. 3–6 million years ago. c. 5–10 million years ago. d. 10–15 million years ago. 49. Humans are of the order _____ and the family _____. a. mammals; primates b. primates; mammals c. primates; great apes d. great apes; primates 50. Compared with Australopithecus skulls, human skulls contain holes through which blood vessels could pass. This would have led to: a. better brain cooling. b. increased brain size. c. changes in diet. d. both better brain cooling and increased brain size. 51. A _____ is a set of characteristics that can be seen or measured. a. genotype b. phenotype c. species d. genus 52. Which of the following is NOT correlated with brain size? a. health b. gender c. age d. intelligence 53. Why is Bell palsy diagnosed by exclusion? a. Bell palsy is caused by a wide array of factors. b. Many factors can cause facial paralysis. c. What causes Bell palsy is not yet understood. d. Bell palsy is extremely rare. 54. Which is the correct sequence of steps in an experimental procedure? a. make a prediction, formulate a theory, confirm or modify the theory, test it b. make a prediction, test it, formulate a theory, confirm or modify the theory c. formulate a theory, make a prediction, test it, confirm or modify the theory d. make a prediction, formulate a theory, test it, confirm or modify the theory 55. What would happen to a person whose ANS shut down? a. The person would see no real change in daily activities. b. The person would become slightly ill. c. The person would become very ill. d. The person would die. 56. Chordates are any organisms that have a: a. brain. b. spinal cord. c. peripheral nervous system. d. brain and a spinal cord. 57. Which sequence is correct? a. Homo habilis , Homo erectus , Homo sapiens b. Homo erectus , Homo habilis , Homo sapiens c. Homo habilis , Homo sapiens , Homo erectus d. Homo erectus , Homo sapiens , Homo habilis 58. According to the philosophy of dualism, the: a. body influences the mind. b. pineal body is the mind. c. pineal body influences the body by directing fluids from the ventricles to the muscles. d. pineal body is the mind and influences the body by directing fluids from the ventricles to the muscles. 59. More advanced nervous systems often have similar structures on the left and right sides (e.g., the left and right hemispheres of the brain). This concept is known as: a. mirroring. b. bilateral symmetry. c. bilateral structures. d. mirror symmetry. 60. Sensory and motor signals from the head and neck are sent to _____ sections of the spinal cord. a. thoracic b. sacral c. lumbar d. None of the answers is correct. 61. Trouble recognizing sounds is most commonly associated with damage to the: a. parietal lobe. b. frontal lobe. c. occipital lobe. d. temporal lobe. 62. The correct order of these early hominids from smallest to largest brain size is: a. Homo erectus , Homo habilis , Homo neanderthalensis . b. Homo habilis , Homo erectus , Homo neanderthalensis . c. Homo neanderthalensis , Homo habilis , Homo erectus . d. Homo habilis , Homo neanderthalensis , Homo erectus . 63. Stedman and colleagues argue that size reductions in facial muscles and facial bones in early hominids may have led to: a. changes in diet. b. changes in mating patterns. c. changes in hunting strategies. d. None of the answers is correct. 64. The primary function of the cerebellum is: a. control of sleeping and waking. b. control of movement. c. control of heart rate and respiration. d. sensory processing. 65. Based on the complexity of their nervous systems, which two organisms have a more recent common ancestor? a. squids and frogs b. squids and flatworms c. sea anemones and flatworms d. flatworms and frogs 66. Which statement is the MOST accurate? a. Nonhuman animals have mostly inherited behavior and are little influenced by learning. b. Humans share many inherited behaviors but are mostly influenced by learning. c. Unlike nonhuman animals, humans share very few inherited behaviors and are mostly influenced by learning. d. Unlike nonhuman animals, humans' behavior is totally learned. 67. The part of the cortex that constructs a perceptual world and responds to that world is the: a. limbic cortex. b. cingulate cortex. c. neocortex. d. parahippocampal cortex. 68. The ventral portion of a structure is sometimes called: a. superior. b. inferior. c. dorsal. d. medial. 69. All the nerve processes radiating out beyond the brain and spinal cord as well as all the neurons outside the brain and spinal cord constitute the: a. nervous system. b. central nervous system. c. peripheral nervous system. d. external nervous system. 70. _____ is (are) mainly composed of nerve fibers with fatty coverings. a. Cerebral aqueducts b. Ventricles c. White matter d. Gray matter 71. Neural agenesis refers to: a. an injury to a brain structure. b. the degeneration of a structure. c. the failure of a structure to develop. d. the creation of a brain structure. 72. Why do the brains of animals such as primates fold? a. to allow a small brain to fit in a large skull b. to allow a large brain to fit into a small skull c. because all mammals' brains fold d. because they have a small brain–body size ratio 73. Some of Descartes's followers argued that: a. the mind and the body are separate at birth. b. humans and very few other animals have minds. c. young children do not have minds. d. those who are mentally ill have minds. 74. The first primates to walk upright, like modern humans, were: a. Homo erectus . b. Homo habilis . c. a Neanderthal species. d. an Australopithecus species. 75. Brain nomenclature can be very confusing. This is because: a. many structures have several names. b. research on the brain includes scientists of many nationalities and languages. c. some structures were named using numbers. d. All of the answers are correct. 76. Which of the following is part of the tegmentum? a. the tectum b. the substantia nigra c. the inferior colliculus d. the superior colliculus 77. The encephalization quotient is determined by: a. measuring the size of an animal's brain. b. measuring the weight of an animal's brain. c. relating actual brain size to expected brain size. d. comparing the brain sizes of different species with one another. 78. Rostral is to caudal as: a. superior is to inferior. b. dorsal is to ventral. c. medial is to lateral. d. anterior is to posterior. 79. In a study with a patient in a minimally conscious state, Schiff and colleagues found that _____ led to dramatic improvements in the patient's behavior. a. deep brain stimulation b. reading to the patient c. music therapy d. gene therapy 80. Patterns in time can be made up of: a. movements. b. thinking. c. both movements and thinking. d. neither movements nor thinking. 81. The CNS includes the _____, whereas the PNS includes the _____. a. brain and autonomic nervous system; spinal cord and somatic nervous system b. spinal cord and autonomic nervous system; brain and somatic nervous system c. spinal cord and brain; autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system d. somatic nervous system and brain; spinal cord and autonomic nervous system 82. The notion that all living things are related was put forward by: a. Charles Darwin. b. Alfred Russel Wallace. c. neither Charles Darwin nor Alfred Russel Wallace. d. both Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. 83. The sucking response observed in newborn human infants is an example of a(n): a. learned response. b. inherited response. c. flexible response. d. adaptive response 84. Structures atop the brain or a structure within the brain are: a. lateral. b. ventral. c. medial. d. dorsal. 85. _____ allowed humans to maximize caloric gain and spend less time foraging. a. Living in larger social groups b. Cooking food c. Eating vegetation d. All of the answers are correct. 86. Sensory and motor signals to the arms are sent through _____ sections of the spinal cord. a. sacral b. thoracic c. lumbar d. cervical 87. Sensory input to the spinal cord travels via the: a. dorsal spinal cord. b. ventral spinal cord. c. medial spinal cord. d. lateral spinal cord. 88. Deficits in processing basic visual information (e.g., luminance) are caused by damage to the: a. frontal lobe. b. parietal lobe. c. occipital lobe. d. temporal lobe. 89. Eating fruit favors a larger brain because it requires good: a. sensory skills. b. motor skills. c. memory skills. d. All of the answers are correct. 90. Dermatomes are associated with the: a. peripheral nervous system b. somatic nervous system. c. autonomic nervous system. d. cranial nervous system. 91. Why does the olfactory bulb play a role in human sexual behavior? a. The VNO detects pheromones and relays this information to the amygdala and hypothalamus. b. The olfactory bulb is directly connected to the genitalia. c. The VNO contains pheromones. d. The olfactory bulb is very large in humans compared to other mammals. 92. The first humanlike brain evolved: a. 700 million years ago. b. 250 million years ago. c. 6 million years ago. d. 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. 93. Why is the species of Homo floresiensis so intriguing? a. It was the first member of the genus Homo to use sophisticated tools. b. It was about 3 feet tall and lived up to around 13,000 years ago. c. It was a subspecies of Neandertals and lived up to 70,000 years ago. d. It had the largest brain of any member of genus Homo . 94. The study of how genetic expression is related to the environment and experience is known as: a. genotyping. b. phenotyping. c. epigenetics. d. environmental genetics. 95. _____ is mainly composed of cell bodies and capillaries. a. Reticular matter b. Gray matter c. The corpus callosum d. White matter 96. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows between the: a. arachnoid layer and pia mater. b. dura mater and pia mater. c. dura mater and arachnoid layer. d. superficial layer and deep layer. 97. A disruption of the blood supply to a brain region causes: a. meningitis. b. encephalitis. c. a stroke. d. cerebral agenesis. 98. The posterior cerebral artery provides blood to the _____ lobe. a. parietal b. frontal c. occipital d. exterior 99. Tourette syndrome and Parkinson disease result from: a. changes in balance between excitation and inhibition. b. malfunctioning of the microbiome. c. too much excitation and inhibition. d. the removal of the hippocampus. 100. Language control is usually situated in the: a. same place on both hemispheres. b. different locations on each hemisphere. c. right hemisphere. d. left hemisphere. 101. In the human brain the basal ganglia, limbic system, and olfactory bulbs are considered part of the: a. telencephalon. b. metencephalon. c. diencephalon. d. mesencephalon. 102. Other than mammals, which chordate has the largest forebrain? a. reptiles b. amphibians c. birds d. bony fish 103. Afferent is to efferent as: a. out is to in. b. top is to bottom. c. in is to out. d. bottom is to top. 104. How are cladograms used to organize organisms? a. A cladogram is a chart that shows the effect of fruit eating on diet. b. A cladogram is a diagram that shows how parents transmit heritable factors to offspring. c. A cladogram is a chart that displays groups of related organisms. d. A cladogram is a graph that displays the relationship between brain size and body size. 105. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is effective for treating: a. ischemic stroke. b. hemorrhagic stroke. c. meningitis. d. All of the answers are correct. 106. The prosencephalon is sometimes referred to as the: a. hindbrain. b. middle brain. c. auxiliary brain. d. front brain. 107. The vagus, facial, and oculomotor nerves are the primary components of the: a. cranial nervous system. b. sympathetic nervous system. c. parasympathetic nervous system. d. spinal nervous system. 108. What is the microbiome? a. the bacteria located in the mouth b. the micro environment of the brain c. the bacteria located in the gut d. the microorganisms of the skin 109. Which of the following correctly describes the possible suite of symptoms associated with meningitis? a. severe headache, stiff neck, convulsions b. facial paralysis, limb paralysis, severe headache c. aggressiveness, mood swings, personality changes d. convulsions, vomiting, confusion 110. The human cerebellum contains about _____ as many neurons as the cerebrum. a. half b. one-third c. four times d. twice 111. Fruit -eating primates: a. have a smaller brain than vegetation eaters. b. eat more glucose and thus have a larger brain than vegetation eaters.