(Test Bank) Anthropology, A Global Perspective

Scupin, 9

History & Arts

Test Bank

9th Edition

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Author(s): Scupin

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Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Chapter 1: Introduction to Anthropology Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. Anthropologists who specialize in ______ anthropology are most likely to study evolution. A. linguistic B. cultural C. biological D. archaeological Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Biological Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy 2. Biological anthropology is most closely aligned with which type of study? A. natural science B. social science C. humanities D. arts Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Biological Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy 3. A primatologist would be most likely to conduct which of the following studies? A. analysis of fossil samples B. observational analysis of chimpanzee social structure C. DNA analysis of hair samples from two prehistoric sites D. isotopic analysis of a human bone Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Biological Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 4. Osteological studies involve the analysis of the human ______. A. ancestor B. language C. genome Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 D. skeleton Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Biological Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 5. Which type of anthropologist studies past cultures through analysis of their material culture? A. archaeologists B. biological anthropologists C. cultural anthropologists D. linguists Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Easy 6. Pottery, stone tools, and jewelry are examples of ______ studied by archaeologists. A. ecofacts B. excavations C. artifacts D. middens Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Medium 7. What do archaeologists find when they excavate middens? A. jewels and other spectacular artifacts B. trash left by ancient people C. evidence for ancient rituals D. remains of walls, postholes, and other architectural elements Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Medium 8. A classical archaeologist would be most likely to excavate ______. A. a French library B. a Celtic hillfort C. a Hopi pueblo D. an ancient Greek temple Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Medium 9. A prehistoric archaeologist would be most likely to excavate ______. A. a Roman curse tablet B. a codex written in Maya hieroglyphics C. a wall painting from Çatalhöyük D. an Egyptian obelisk Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Medium 10. The ______ anthropologist is most likely to explore whether people who speak different languages think in different ways. A. linguistic B. archaeological C. biological D. cultural Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Linguistic Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 11. Which type of linguistics examines the different versions of language spoken by different groups within a particular culture? A. structural linguistics B. sociolinguistics C. historical linguistics D. psycholinguistics Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Linguistic Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy 12. Which type of anthropologist conducts participant observation fieldwork among present-day societies? A. linguist B. archaeologist C. biological anthropologist Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 D. cultural anthropologist Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy 13. Which methodology allows anthropologists to write about cultures other than their own as insiders? A. participant observation B. excavation C. radiocarbon dating D. ethnography Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 14. When your professor assigns you a reading about a particular culture, the reading is called a/an ______. A. ethnology B. ethnography C. participant observation D. field report Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 15. When your professor assigns you a reading on a particular subject that includes many cultures around the world, the reading is called a/an ______. A. ethnology B. ethnography C. cultural report D. universal Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 16. When a biological anthropologist is hired by a police department to create an image of a murder victim based on a few fragments of the skull, they are participating in ______ anthropology. Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 A. cultural B. archaeological C. linguistic D. applied Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Applied Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 17. Early anthropology emerged from the desire to ______. A. reconstruct the history of languages B. find ancient treasures C. understand non-Western cultures D. trace human ancestor species Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields Difficulty Level: Easy 18. Which type of anthropologist uses fossils to trace human ancestry? A. osteologist B. linguist C. archaeologist D. paleoanthropologist Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Biological Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 19. Which methodology is used by archaeologists to map sites and artifacts? A. participant observation B. geographic information systems (GIS) C. excavation D. ethnography Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Medium 20. Which type of linguistics examines similarities and differences among present-day languages? A. historical linguistics Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 B. sociolinguistics C. structural linguistics D. philosophical linguistics Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Linguistic Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 21. Which quality of the field of anthropology allows anthropologists to discuss bigger picture questions about humanity? A. a holistic approach B. ethnographic research C. ethnocentrism D. an ahistorical focus Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and a Global Perspective Difficulty Level: Medium 22. An archaeologist may use radiocarbon dating to assess the age of a particular site. Since this is a methodology borrowed from the natural sciences, it illustrates the ______ quality of anthropology. A. holistic B. interdisciplinary C. global D. ethnohistorical Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and a Global Perspective Difficulty Level: Medium 23. When an anthropologist asks an elder to tell the story of how her people came to their homeland, the anthropologist is collecting a/an ______. A. mythology B. ethnohistory C. ethnography D. ethnology Ans: B Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and a Global Perspective Difficulty Level: Medium 24. As members of a culture learn their society’s ways of life, they begin to see other ways of life as less acceptable, leading to ______. A. cultural relativism B. religion C. ethnocentrism D. universalism Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Anthropological Explanations Difficulty Level: Easy 25. How is anthropological knowledge produced? A. systematic observation based on the scientific method B. personal experience extrapolated cross culturally C. derived from religious beliefs and sacred texts D. culturally constructed beliefs and practices Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data Difficulty Level: Medium 26. An anthropologist is interested in family relationships among the residents of a particular village. She wants to better understand their patterns of kinship and descent. She designs a fieldwork project that allows her to observe familial relationships for a period of 1 year. Based on her observations, she hypothesizes that village residents have a different relationship with their mother’s sister than with their father’s sister. This is an example of the ______ method of scientific research. A. theoretical B. variable C. deductive D. inductive Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Application Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data Difficulty Level: Hard 27. An anthropologist is interested in studying ritual and religion. She believes that most rituals originate as ways of addressing practical needs and designs a series of fieldwork projects that allows her to test her hypothesis. She visits eight small-scale societies and collects data about their ritual beliefs, then uses the data to test her hypothesis. This is an example of the ______ method of scientific research. A. deductive B. inductive C. hypothetical D. verifiable Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data Difficulty Level: Hard 28. An anthropologist notices that he can trace many cultural practices back to other cultures. Over time, he tests a series of hypotheses and formulates an explanation that posits that the appearance of new cultural traits in societies happens by spreading from another culture. This explanation is an example of a ______. A. cultural universal B. variable C. theory D. law Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data Difficulty Level: Medium 29. Anthropologists would use a scientific approach to study which of the following? A. the adoption of a new type of tool B. the composition of a song C. the initiation ritual of a young man D. the feelings of the people toward the flag Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 30. Anthropologists would use a humanistic approach to study which of the following? A. the history of a language B. the naming ceremony of a baby C. the diet of the poorest members of society D. the medical care received by a pregnant woman Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 31. Ethnomusicology and ethnopoetics are examples of the ______ approach to anthropology. A. holistic B. deductive C. scientific D. humanistic Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 32. The anthropologist’s job is to ______ beliefs and practices within their cultural context. A. construct B. interpret C. hypothesize D. deduce Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy 33. Students who are not anthropology majors often wonder if they really need to study anthropology. Which of the following best describes why students of other disciplines should still take anthropology courses? A. Anthropology is rarely offered before college, so students should take advantage of the chance to study something new. B. Anthropologists make a lot of money, so students should give it a chance. C. Anthropologists know a little bit about everything, so students will learn about their own majors in anthropology courses. Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 D. Anthropologists learn skills that are applicable in many disciplines, so even nonmajors will walk away with knowledge that will help them in their lives and careers. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology? Difficulty Level: Easy 34. Anthropology’s ______ perspective teaches students to value cultural diversity. A. scientific B. holistic C. humanistic D. cross-cultural Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology? Difficulty Level: Easy 35. Anthropology’s emphasis on the ______ trains students to think critically. A. humanistic approach B. global diversity C. scientific method D. arts and sciences Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology? Difficulty Level: Easy True/False 1. Modern anthropologists focus on non-Western cultures. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields Difficulty Level: Easy 2. Anthropologists specialize in one subfield, but receive training in all four major subfields. Ans: T Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and a Global Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy 3. Human knowledge is based on objective reality. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Anthropological Explanations Difficulty Level: Medium 4. It is better to use a scientific approach than a humanistic approach in anthropology. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 5. Scientists and humanists each contribute meaningfully to our understanding of humankind. Ans: T Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy Short Answer 1. Compare and contrast the contribution that each of the four major subfields of anthropology makes to an understanding of humankind. Ans: Anthropology combines the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities to examine humankind as a whole. Biological anthropology incorporates the “nature” aspect of humanity, including genetics and human evolution. Archaeology studies the history of human societies, while cultural anthropology looks at modern-day societies. Linguistics includes the enormously important role of language in humanity. Each subfield includes methodologies and theories designed to elicit more information about humans, but they do so by investigating different aspects of humanity. Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields Difficulty Level: Hard Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 2. Which type of anthropologist would you become and why? Your answer should include specific explanations of why you would choose your particular subfield as well as why you would reject the others. Ans: Varies, but students should select one of the four subfields (or one of the more specific specialties within one of the subfields) of anthropology. Their responses should show that they understand what each of the four subfields requires and state a preference that reflects their own personalities or personal preferences. For example, I would choose archaeology, because I love learning about ancient cultures. The idea of being the first one to touch an artifact in the thousands of years since it was deposited is exciting. I wouldn’t want to be a biological anthropologist because there’s more natural science involved than I prefer and I don’t want to have to memorize every bone in the human body. I don’t think I’d like to be a cultural anthropologist because I’m a bit shy, and I don’t think I’d like to have to go out and live among a group of people I’ve never met before. Linguistics sounds kind of interesting, because language matters a lot in society, but I think overall archaeology is for me. Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields Difficulty Level: Hard 3. Would the inductive or deductive methods of scientific research be more useful in debunking ethnocentric beliefs? Justify your answer. Ans: Either answer is acceptable as long as it is supported by strong arguments, which may include comparing and contrasting the two methods and applying each to an example of ethnocentrism. Answers should demonstrate an understanding of the inductive method, deductive method, and ethnocentrism. Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data Difficulty Level: Hard 4. Analyze the differences in the use of the term “progress” as it relates to the sciences versus the humanities. Why can we refer to modern knowledge of science as more advanced than in the past, but not of the arts? Ans: Varies, but should demonstrate an understanding that scientific knowledge has accumulated throughout time, while the humanities reflect important things about the societies that have produced them. It is not appropriate to talk about modern art, music, and other forms of symbolic representations as more advanced or sophisticated than that in the past, but our understanding of scientific principles and methods are more sophisticated. Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Hard Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 5. Discuss how a background in anthropology would be beneficial to your future career. Ans: Varies based upon students’ future plans, but may include critical thinking skills, an open mind, learning about non-Western cultures, a grounding in evolution, or any other benefits that an anthropological education provides. Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology? Difficulty Level: Medium Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Chapter 2: The Record of the Past Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. Project objectives are set out and strategies for recovering relevant data are outlined in a(n) ______. A. research design B. fossil locality C. design sample D. archaeological record Ans: A Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain how archaeological research is used to answer questions about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Answering Questions Difficulty Level: Easy 2. Andreas is an anthropologist planning a research project. He specifies what investigative methods will be used, the extent of excavation for a site, and how materials will be analyzed. Andreas is preparing a ______. A. faunal succession B. relative dating C. midden deposit D. research design Ans: D Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain how archaeological research is used to answer questions about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Answering Questions Difficulty Level: Hard 3. How do a majority of contemporary archaeologists and paleoanthropologists spend their time working? A. predicting the future B. digging for fossils C. exploring lost cities D. researching on a computer Ans: D Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain how archaeological research is used to answer questions about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Answering Questions Difficulty Level: Medium 4. Which student is an ideal candidate to pursue a career in archaeology? A. a student who likes to travel and solve mysteries B. a student who wants to understand the past C. a student who collects fossils and makes pottery D. a student who desires to study life and living organisms Ans: B Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain how archaeological research is used to answer questions about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Answering Questions Difficulty Level: Hard 5. Which type of information do paleontologists and geologists contribute to an archeological study? A. identifying the age of mineral deposits and floral and faunal remains B. theorizing the ways tools or artifacts may have been used C. translating written documents D. assessing the value of artifacts that are found Ans: A Learning Objective: 2.2: Define paleoanthropology and discuss what we can learn about the past from fossil evidence. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Paleoanthropological Study Difficulty Level: Medium 6. ______ is the study of ancient environments. A. Paleoanthropology B. Paleoecology C. Taphonomy D. Dendrochronology Ans: B Learning Objective: 2.2: Define paleoanthropology and discuss what we can learn about the past from fossil evidence. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Paleoanthropological Study Difficulty Level: Easy