(Test Bank) Concepts Of Genetics

Klug,Cummings,Spencer,Palladino,Killian, 12

Medicine

Test Bank

12th Edition

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Test Bank for Concepts Of Genetics, The downloadable file consists of 341 pages, and the total size of the file is 4.31 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino, Killian

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1 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. Concepts of Genetics, 12e, Global Edition (Klug) Chapter 1 Introduction to Genetics 1) In the 1600s, William Harvey studied reproduction and development. What is the term given to the theory that states that an organism develops from the fertilized egg by a succession of developmental events that lead to an adult? A) preformation B) sequential pattern formation C) equational transformation D) transduction E) epigenesis Answer: E Section: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2) What is the term given to the theory that states that the fertilized egg contains a complete miniature adult? A) preformation B) transduction C) transformation D) conjugation E) cell theory Answer: A Section: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 3) What is the term given to the theory that put forth the idea that living organisms could arise by incubating nonliving components? A) spontaneous generation B) natural selection C) evolution D) preformation E) collective combination Answer: A Section: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 4) What is a homunculus? A) a large cyst or growth on a plant due to viral infection B) a sperm or egg containing a miniature adult, perfect in size and proportion C) the intermediate stage of the DNA after CRISPR-Cas treatment D) when the mitochondrion grows in size before splitting into two via fission E) during development sometimes a growing individual's cell can become mutated and one part of the child has different characteristics than the other Answer: B Section: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 5) Who, along with Alfred Wallace, formulated the theory of natural selection? A) Gregor Mendel B) William Harvey C) Louis Pasteur D) Charles Darwin E) James Watson Answer: D Section: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 6) Who was the Augustinian monk that conducted a decade of experiments on the garden pea, eventually showing that traits are passed from parents to offspring in predictable ways? A) Francis Crick B) Alfred Wallace C) Hippocrates D) Aristotle E) Gregor Mendel Answer: E Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 7) In many species, there are two representatives of each chromosome. In such species, the characteristic number of chromosomes is called the ________ number. It is usually symbolized as ________. A) haploid; n B) haploid; 2n C) diploid; 2n D) diploid; n E) monoploid; n Answer: C Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 8) Genetics is the study of ________. A) inheritance and variation B) mutation and recession C) transcription and translation D) diploid and haploid E) replication and recombination Answer: A Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 3 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 9) Early in the twentieth century, Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri noted that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis is identical to the behavior of genes during gamete formation. They proposed that genes are carried on chromosomes, which led to the basis of the ________. A) Chromosome Theory of Inheritance B) Law of Segregation C) Law of Independent Assortment D) First Law of Thermodynamics E) Chromosomal Maintenance Theory Answer: A Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 10) What is a mutation? A) an inherited change in a DNA sequence B) the source of all genetic variation C) a change in DNA that leads to death D) an inherited change in DNA sequences that is the source of all genetic variation E) an inherited changed in DNA sequence that is always bad for an organism Answer: D Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 11) Which of the following is TRUE about alleles? A) An allele is a variant form of a gene. B) Alleles come in two forms, the good form and the bad form. C) Individuals carry both forms of each allele. D) The phenotype of the individual will always indicate with certainty the alleles of the individual. E) An individual will only carry one version of an allele. Answer: A Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 12) Until the mid-1940s, many scientists considered proteins to be the likely candidates for the genetic material. Which of the following characteristics led scientist to believe DNA was NOT the genetic material? A) DNA is more stable than protein. B) DNA is less abundant than protein. C) DNA has less variation than protein. D) Protein can fold into may shapes. E) DNA is less abundant than protein and DNA has less variation than protein. Answer: E Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 4 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 13) Name the individual who, while working with the garden pea in the mid-1850s, demonstrated quantitative patterns of heredity and developed a theory involving the behavior of hereditary factors. A) Walter Sutton B) Theodor Boveri C) Barbara McClintock D) Gregor Mendel E) George Wallace Answer: D Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 14) Which of the following is the subdiscipline of biology concerned with the study of heredity and variation at the molecular, cellular, developmental, organismal, and populational levels? A) genetics B) cell biology C) molecular biology D) cytogenetics E) biochemistry Answer: A Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 15) Which of the following is an example of natural selection? A) a bird's beak is able to effectively crack the seeds it encounters B) human beings develop freckles from being out in the sun C) depending on the food a turtle eats, it shell may grow faster or slower D) sometime during human's life they break a bone and it heals E) bacteria can be effectively killed by treatment with bleach Answer: A Section: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 16) What term is used to describe the fact that different genes in an organism often provide differences in observable features? A) phenotype B) genotype C) alleles D) natural selection E) inheritance Answer: A Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 5 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 17) Which of the following is an example of heredity? A) Doberman pinschers and boxers have similar body shapes. B) Both moths and birds have wings and can fly. C) Dalmation dogs all have spots. D) Flying squirrels have a different mechanism of flight than mosquitos. E) Flies and molluscs both have eyes. Answer: C Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 18) Which of the following is NOT an example of variation? A) a child does not have her mother's hair color B) cats can have long or short fur C) giraffes have not been seen in an albino form D) both monocotyledons and dicotyledons perform the dark reaction E) lobsters can come in many colors including blue, read, and brown Answer: D Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 19) What would happen if, during meiosis, the chromosome number was not halved before egg and sperm formation? A) nothing B) in each successive generation, the offspring would double their chromosome number C) n would become halved D) each offspring would have different phenotypes than their parents E) the spindle would be compromised Answer: B Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 20) Alternative forms of a gene are called ________. A) alleles B) mutants C) phenotypes D) genotypes E) meiotic products Answer: A Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 6 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 21) The various characteristics of organisms that result from their genetic makeup are collectively referred to as an organism's ________. A) genotype B) alleles C) phenotype D) genome E) proteome Answer: C Section: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 22) Name the substance that serves as the hereditary material in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. A) RNA or ribonucleic acid B) DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid C) protein D) lipid E) carbohydrate Answer: B Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 23) Which of the following contains all the others? A) double helix B) nucleotide C) hydrogen bond D) DNA strand E) sugar Answer: A Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 24) A fundamental property of DNA's nitrogenous bases that is necessary for the double-stranded nature of its structure is ________. A) complementarity B) anti-parallel C) ring structure D) sugar phosphate backbone E) deoxyribose versus ribose Answer: A Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 7 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 25) Which of the following is the function of DNA? A) DNA serves to hold the information for protein, lipid, and carbohydrate storage. B) DNA is required when cells are using their ribosomes to translate a protein. C) DNA is responsible for the storage and replication of genetic information. D) DNA is involved in the expression of stored genetic information. E) DNA is used structurally to hold the nucleus together. Answer: C Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 26) Which of the following molecules serves the function to express the genetic material by being translated to protein? A) DNA B) lipid C) carbohydrate D) RNA E) cholesterol Answer: D Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 27) Name the bases in DNA and their pairing specificities. A) adenine:thymine, guanine:cytosine B) adenine:uracil, guanine:cytosine C) adenine:guanine, guanine:uracil D) adenine:cytosine, guanine:uracil E) adenine:guanine, thymine:cytosine Answer: A Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 28) The ________ consists of a linear series of three adjacent nucleotides present in mRNA molecules. A) genetic code B) Watson—Crick base pairing C) chromosomal theory of inheritance D) law of segregation E) messenger RNA Answer: A Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 8 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 29) Which of the following processes describes the formation of a complementary RNA molecule? A) replication B) transcription C) translation D) mutation E) mosaicism Answer: B Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 30) If a scientist changed a cell's ionic composition and complementarity between DNA strands could no longer occur, what would the scientist first detect? A) DNA becomes single stranded B) DNA strands become shorter C) RNA would start binding to DNA D) ribosomes would move into the nucleus E) cell membranes would become less permeable Answer: A Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 31) Reference is often made to adapter molecules when describing protein synthesis in that they allow amino acids to associate with nucleic acids. To what class of molecules does this term refer? A) DNA B) protein C) mRNA D) amino acids E) tRNA Answer: E Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 32) Given that DNA is the genetic material in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, what other general structures (macromolecules) and substances made by the cell are associated with the expression of that genetic material? A) lipids and carbohydrates B) DNA and protein C) RNA (messenger, ribosomal, and transfer), ribosomes, enzymes, and proteins D) DNA and RNA E) chromosomes Answer: C Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 9 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 33) Which of the following are true about codons? A) They are complementary to RNA and specify amino acids at the ribosome. B) They are complementary to DNA and are a two-nucleotide code for an amino acid. C) They are complementary to DNA and specify amino acids at the ribosome. D) They are a circular series of nucleotide triplets. E) They are placed at random in the RNA. Answer: C Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 34) What is another term for a biological catalyst? A) protein B) enzyme C) codon D) ribosome E) lipid Answer: B Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 35) A protein's shape and chemical behavior are determined by ________. A) its linear sequence of amino acids B) the type of cell in which it resides C) the environment of an organism D) the cholesterol makeup of the lipid membrane E) the cell's age Answer: A Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 36) Once a protein is made, its biochemical or structural properties play a role in producing ________. A) genotype B) phenotype C) mutant D) chromosome E) DNA Answer: B Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 10 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 37) When mutation alters a gene, it may modify or even eliminate the encoded protein's usual ________ and cause an altered ________. A) function; phenotype B) function; genotype C) structure; genotype D) cell type; genotype E) ribosome; phenotype Answer: A Section: 1.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 38) Recombinant DNA technology is dependent on a particular class of enzymes, known as ________ that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. A) restriction enzymes B) clones C) recombinant DNA technology D) genomes E) vectors Answer: A Section: 1.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 39) What represents an organism's genome? A) all the RNA in a cell B) an organism's genome can be defined as the complete haploid nuclear DNA content of an organism. C) all the protein in a cell D) the nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs E) a catalog of mutations in a cell Answer: B Section: 1.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 40) A ________ is an organism produced by biotechnology that involves the transfer of hereditary traits across species. A) transgenic organism B) mutant C) clone D) vector E) frankenfood Answer: A Section: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 11 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 41) What term is applied to a variety of projects whereby genome sequences are deposited in databases for research purposes? A) proteomics B) bioinformatics C) genetics D) cloning E) genomics Answer: E Section: 1.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 42) Organisms that are well understood from a scientific standpoint and are often used in basic biological research are often called ________. A) clones B) vectors C) recombinant DNA technology D) model organisms E) restriction enzymes Answer: D Section: 1.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 43) ________ is a discipline involved in the development of both hardware and software for processing, storing, and retrieving nucleotide and protein data. A) Bioinformatics B) Genomics C) Recombinant DNA technology D) Cloning E) Proteomics Answer: A Section: 1.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 1 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. Concepts of Genetics, 12e, Global Edition (Klug) Chapter 2 Mitosis and Meiosis 1) Living organisms are categorized into two major groups based on the presence or absence of a nucleus. What group is defined by the presence of a nucleus? A) eukaryotic organism B) virus C) bacterium D) prokaryotic organism E) mitochondrial organism Answer: A Section: 2.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2) What is the name of the membranous structure that compartmentalizes the cytoplasm of eukaryotic organisms? A) ribosome B) mitochondria C) cytosol D) endoplasmic reticulum E) nucleoid Answer: D Section: 2.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 3) You have identified a mutant in human cells that when shifted to 37°C, the microfilaments depolymerize (fall apart). Which of the following would be true about this mutant at 37°C? A) The mitochondria would no longer work. B) The sister chromatids would no longer be attached to each other. C) The cells would no longer be able to produce ATP. D) The cells would change shape. E) The endoplasmic reticulum could still import polypeptides but could no longer synthesize lipids. Answer: D Section: 2.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 4) Name two cellular organelles, each containing genetic material, which are involved in either photosynthesis or respiration. A) rough and smooth endoplasmic reticula B) chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum C) peroxisomes and mitochondria D) lysosome and chloroplast E) chloroplasts and mitochondria Answer: E Section: 2.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 5) The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) is responsible for production of what type of cell structure? A) nucleolus B) ribosome C) chromatids D) mitochondria E) endoplasmic reticulum Answer: B Section: 2.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 6) The diploid chromosome number of an organism is usually represented as 2n. Humans have a diploid chromosome number of 46. What would be the expected haploid chromosome number in a human? A) 92 B) 16 C) 12 D) 24 E) 23 Answer: E Section: 2.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 7) Which chromosome has a telomere but the p arm is much shorter than the q arm? A) metacentric B) submetacentric C) acrocentric D) telocentric E) sex chromosome Answer: C Section: 2.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 8) Which of the following is true about sex-determining chromosomes? A) They are independent during meiosis. B) They do not participate in meiosis. C) They act like homologous chromosomes during meiosis so each gamete will get one sex chromosome. D) They have the same gene configuration and same loci. E) They are always metacentric. Answer: C Section: 2.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 3 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 9) What significant genetic function occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle? A) cytokinesis B) karyokinesis C) DNA synthesis D) chromosome condensation E) centromere division Answer: C Section: 2.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 10) During interphase of the cell cycle, ________. A) DNA recombines B) sister chromatids move to opposite poles C) the nuclear membrane disappears D) RNA replicates E) DNA content essentially doubles Answer: E Section: 2.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 11) The house fly, Musca domestica, has a haploid chromosome number of 6. How many chromatids should be present in a diploid, somatic, metaphase cell? A) 3 B) 6 C) 12 D) 18 E) 24 Answer: E Section: 2.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 12) How many haploid sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid individual cell with a chromosome number of 32? A) 2 B) 1 C) 8 D) 16 E) 32 Answer: A Section: 2.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing