(Test Bank) Foundations Of Nursing In The Community

Stanhope, 4

Nursing

Test Bank

4th Edition

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Test Bank for Foundations Of Nursing In The Community, The downloadable file consists of 347 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.52 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Stanhope

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PRIMEXAM.COM Foundations of Nursing in the Community 4th Edition Stanhope Test Bank Chapter 01: Community -Oriented Nursing and Community -Based Nursing Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following best describes community -based nursing ? a. A philosophy that guides family -centered illness care b. Providing care with a focus on the group’s needs c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs d. A value system in which all clients receive optimal care ANS: A By definition, community -based nursing is nursing that focuses on family -centered illness care to individuals and families in the community. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 2-3 2. Which of the following best describes community -oriented nursing ? a. Focusing on the provision of care to individuals and families b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting d. Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention ANS: D By definition, community -oriented nursing has the goal of preserving, protecting, or maintaining health to promote the quality of life. All nurses may focus on individuals and families, give direct care to ill persons within their family setting, and help manage acute or chronic conditions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: pp. 2, 10 3. Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing? a. Families and groups b. Illness -oriented care PRIMEXAM.COM c. Individuals within the family unit d. Promotion of quality of life ANS: D The key difference between community -based and community -oriented nursing is that community -based nurses deal primarily with illness -oriented care, whereas community -oriented nurses —or public health nurses —provide health care to promote quality of life. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 2 4. Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century? a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures c. Sanitation and other public health activities d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections ANS: C Improvement in control of infectious diseases through immunizations, sanitation, and other public health activities led to the increase in life expectancy from less than 50 years in 1900 to more than 77 years in 2002. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 2 5. A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse? a. Increase the community’s knowledge about hospice care. b. Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members. c. Encourage employers to have wellness centers at each industrial site. d. Ensure timel y and effective medical intervention and treatment for community members. ANS: B Public health approaches could help prevent about 70% of early deaths by influencing the way people eat, drink, drive, engage in exercise, and treat the environment. PRIMEXAM.COM DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 2 6. Which of the following is a basic assumption of public health efforts? a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong. b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding. c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community. d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans. ANS: C Public health can be described as what society collectively does to ensure that conditions exist in which people can be healthy. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 4 7. Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a public health nurse? a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine needed c. health services d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment ANS: D Although the public health nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he or she works primarily with members of the community to carry out core public health functions, including assessment of the population as a whole and engaging in promoting health and improving the environment. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 8 8. Which of the following public health nurses most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role? a. The nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues b. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies c. The nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns PRIMEXAM.COM d. The nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television ANS: B Any of these descriptions might represent a nurse commun icating, cooperating, or collaborating with community residents or groups about health concerns. However, the nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies is the most representative, because in public health, concerns are broader than recreation, individual concerns are not as important as aggregate priorities, and watching television (a one -way form of communication) is less effective than interacting with others. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analys is) REF: pp. 6-7 9. Which of the following best defines aggregate ? a. A large group of persons b. A collection of individuals and families c. A group of persons who share one or more characteristics d. Another name for demographic group ANS: C An aggregate is defined as a collection of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics, such as geography or special interest. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 7 10. A registered nurse was just employed as a publi c health nurse. Which question would be the most relevant for the nurse to ask? a. “Which groups are at the greatest risk for problems?” b. “Which patients should I see first as I begin my day?” c. “With which physicians will I be most closely collaborating?” d. “With which nursing assistants will I partner the most?” ANS: A Asking which groups are at greatest risk reflects a community -oriented perspective. The other possible responses reflect a focus on individuals. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 8 PRIMEXAM.COM 11. Making su re that essential community -oriented health services are available defines which of the core public health functions? a. Policy development b. Assessment c. Assurance d. Scientific knowledge -based care ANS: C Public health is based on scientific knowledge but is not a core function. The definition does not fit the terms assessment or policy development . DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 4 12. When talking to a women’s group at the senior citizens’ center, the nurse reminded them that the only way the center would be able to afford to provide transportation services for them would be for them to continue to write letters to their local city council representatives requesting funding for such a service. What was the nurse trying to accomplish through this action? a. Ensure that the women did not expect the nurse to solve their problem b. Demonstrate that the nurse understood the women’s concerns and needs c. Express empathy, support, and concern d. Help the women engage in political action ANS: D Public health nurses engage themselves and others in policy development and encourage and assist persons to communicate their needs to those with the power to take action. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 8 13. The public health nurs e has a clear vision of what needs to be done and where to begin to improve the health of the community. Why would the nurse spend time meeting with community groups to discuss the most important task to be addressed first? a. To increase the group’s self-esteem b. To maintain communication links with the groups c. To make the groups feel good about their contribution PRIMEXAM.COM d. To work with the groups, not for the groups ANS: D Historically, health care providers have been accused of providing care for or to people without actually involving the recipients in the decisions. Public health nursing is a “with the people” — not a “to the people” or “for the people” —approach to planning. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 8 14. The nurse often has to make resource all ocation decisions. Which of the following best describes the criterion the nurse should use in such cases? a. The specific moral or ethical principle related to the situation b. The cheapest, most economical approach c. The most rational probable outcome d. The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individuals ANS: D Although all of the choices represent components of a decision that the nurse might consider, the dominant needs of the population outweigh the expressed needs of one or a few people. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 9 15. Which of the following actions best represents public health nursing? a. Assessing the effectiveness of the large high school health clinic b. Caring for clients in their home following their outpatient surgeries c. Providing care to children and their families at the school clinic d. Administering follow -up care for pediatric clients at an outpatient clinic ANS: A A public health or population -focused approach would look at the entire group of children being served to determine whether available services are effective in achieving the goal of improving the health of the school population. DIF: Cognitive Level: Appl y (Application) REF: p. 10 PRIMEXAM.COM 16. Two nurses plan to walk under a huge downtown bridge where various homeless persons live. Why would the nurses go to such an unsafe area? a. To assess the needs of the homeless who live there b. To demonstrate their courage and commitment c. To distribute some of their own surplus clothes to those who can use them d. To share with various churches and other charities what is needed ANS: A In most nursing practices, the client seeks out and requests assistance. In public health nursing, the nurse often reaches out to those who might benefit from a service or intervention, beginning with assessment of needs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 9 MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following variables have led to a stronger commitment to population -focused services? (Select all that apply.) a. Economic turmoil and demand for high-technology care b. Emergence of new or drug-resistant infectious diseases c. Emphasis on overall health care needs rather than only on acute care treatment d. Threat of bioterrorism ANS: B, C, D As overall health needs become the focus of care in the United States, a stronger commitment to population -focused services is emerging. Threats of bioterrorism, anthrax scares, and the emergence of modern -day epidemics have drawn attention to population -focused safety and services. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 4 2. Which of the following actions demonstrate(s) effective public health nursing practice in the community? (Select all that apply.) a. Epidemiologic investigations examine the environment for health hazards. b. New services are organized where particular vulnerable populations live. PRIMEXAM.COM c. Partnerships are established with community coalitions. d. Staff members at the public health agency continue to increase in number. ANS: A, B, C Evidence that public health nurses are practicing effectively in the community would include these: organizing services where people live, work, play, and learn; working in partnerships and with coalitions; and participating in epidemiologic studies. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 10 3. Why are nurses increasingly providing care in clients’ homes rather than in hospitals? (Select all that apply.) a. Home care is less expensive. b. It is much more efficient to give care in the home. c. Nurses prefer to give home care with individual attention. d. People prefer to receive care in their homes rather than in hospitals. ANS: A, D An increasing number of clients are receiving care in the home because it is less expensive and clients prefer to receive care in familiar and comfortable settings. It is not more efficient nor more convenient, since travel time has to be considered. Nurses differ as to their preferred employment setting. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehens ion) REF: p. 11 PRIMEXAM.COM Chapter 02: The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A nurse is considering applying for a position as a public health nurse. Which of the following would be a reason this position would be appealing? a. Its autonomy and independence b. Its focus on acute care and immediately visible outcomes c. Its collaboration with other health care professionals d. Its flexibility and higher wages ANS: A In-patient acute care nurses (not public health nurses) focus on acute care with outcomes known fairly quickly. Unlike in -patient nursing, in which th ere are other health care professionals and staff with whom to interact, public health nursing is known for its autonomy and independence. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15 2. The Elizabeth Poor Law of 1601 is similar to which current law? a. Welfare b. Food stamps c. Medicaid d. Medicare ANS: C The Poor Law guaranteed medical care for poor, blind, and “lame” individuals, similar to Medicaid. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 15 3. How did the Industrial Revolution result in previous caregiving approaches, such as care by families, friends, and neighbors, becoming inadequate? a. Economic and political wars resulted in frequent death and injuries. PRIMEXAM.COM b. Incredible plagues consistently and constantly swept the European continent. c. Migration and urbanization resulted in increased demand for care. d. Caregivers could easily find other employment, so they demanded to be paid. ANS: C Care became inadequate because of the social changes in Europe, with great advances in transportation, communication, and other technologies. The increased mobility led to migration and urbanization, which in turn led to increased need for care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 15 4. A colonist is working in the public health sector in early colonial America. Which of the following activities would have likely been completed? a. Establishing schools of nursing b. Developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people c. Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation d. Developing public housing and almshouses ANS: C The other choices are events that happened after the colonial period. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16 5. Why did American citizens become interested in establishing government -controlled boards of health? a. They were afraid of infectious diseases such as yellow fever. b. The government could force the poverty -stricken to accept care. c. Such boards could tax and thereby ensure adequate funds to pay for care. d. Such a system would allow for accurate records of births and deaths. ANS: A Threat of disease, especially yellow fever, led to public interest in establishing government - sponsored, or official, boards of health. PRIMEXAM.COM DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 16 6. A nurse was employed by the Marine Hospital Service in 1800. Which of the following interventions would the nurse most likely have completed? a. Setting policy on quarantine legislation for immigrants b. Establishing hospital -based programs to care for the sick at home c. Identifying and improving environmental conditions d. Providing health care for merchant seamen ANS: D Providing health care to seamen was an early effort by the federal government to improve public health. The purpose of the Marine Hospital Service was to secure its mari time trade and seacoast cities. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16 7. What was the outcome of the Shattuck Report? a. Efforts to control alcohol and drug abuse, as well as tobacco use, were initiated. b. Environmental sanitation efforts became an immediate priority. c. Guidelines for modern public health organizations were eventually developed. d. Local and state governments established boards of health after its publication. ANS: C It took 19 years for the first of Shattuck’s recommendations to be implemented, but his report was the first effort to create a modern public health organization. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 16 8. Which of the following nurses is famous for creating public health nursing in the United States? a. Florence Nightingale b. Frances Root c. Lillian Wald d. Mrs. Solomon Loeb PRIMEXAM.COM ANS: C Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement and later emerged as the established leader of public health nursing during its early decades. DIF: Cognitive Level: Reme mber (Knowledge) REF: p. 18 9. Which of the following would have been the focus of a school nurse in the early 20th century? a. Investigating causes of absenteeism b. Teaching school as well as being a nurse c. Promoting nursing as an autonomous practice d. Providing medical treatment to enable children to return to school ANS: A Early school nursing focused on investigating causes of absenteeism, not providing medical treatment. That was the responsibility of physicians. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: pp. 18-19 10. A nurse is reviewing the original work of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. Which of the following accomplishments of today was started within this organization? a. Requiring that public health nurses have a baccalaureate degree in nursing b. Standardizing public health nursing education c. Developing nursing cooperatives d. Opening the Henry Street Settlement ANS: B The National Organization for Public Health Nursing sought to standardize public health nursing. The Henry Street Settlement was already in existence. The baccalaureate degree in nursing was not developed yet. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF : pp. 19-20 11. Why were nurses so unprepared for public health nursing in the early twentieth century? a. Community health nursing had not yet been created as a field. PRIMEXAM.COM b. No one would teach the nurses how to engage in public health activities. c. Nightingale’s textbook did not include content on public health nursing. d. Nurses were educated in diploma schools, which focused on hospital nursing. ANS: D Nursing school courses taught in diploma schools of nursing emphasized hospital care of patients; thus, nurses were unprepared for home visiting. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 20 12. A nurse is considering joining the American Public Health Association. What information about this organization should be considered when making this decision? a. APHA focuses on the public health concerns of the medical profession. b. APHA represents concerns of nursing specialty practices. c. APHA provides a forum for nurses to discuss their public health concerns. d. APHA focuses on provid ing health promotion education to the public. ANS: C APHA was formed to facilitate interprofessional efforts and promote the “practical application of public hygiene.” The Public Health Section within APHA provides nurses with a forum to discuss their concerns and strategies. It also serves as a focus of leadership and policy development for community/public health nursing. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 20 13. Why did the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company establish and retain for several years the first community nursing health program for policyholders? a. Creating such a service was the morally correct thing to do. Employing nurses directly was less expensive than paying taxes to the city for the same b. purpose. c. Having the company’s nurses make home visits increased worker morale. Having public health nurses visit policyholders and their families led to a decline in d. policyholder deaths, thus lowering costs for the insurance company. ANS: D PRIMEXAM.COM Metropolitan Life saw an average decline of 7% in the mortality rate of policyholders and almost a 20% decline in the deaths of children. The insurance company attributed this improvement and the associated reduced costs to the visiting nurses. DIF: Cogni tive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 21 14. Which client would have been most likely to receive care from the Frontier Nursing Service? a. An injured soldier b. A homebound, elderly male c. A woman in labor d. A child with measles ANS: C The Frontier Nursing Service nurses were trained in nursing public health and midwifery and provided care to rural and inaccessible areas, which led to reduced mortality. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: pp. 21-22 15. A public health nurse is d etermining what type of programming should be developed for the community. Which of the following is the most crucial factor that will influence program development? a. Comprehensive assessment and planning done in the community b. Documented needs of the local community c. Federal funding for priority diseases or groups d. Nursing staff’s expertise and skills ANS: C Programs are designed to fit funding priorities; thus, the areas supported by Congress determine the categories in which most effort is focused locally. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 23 16. A nursing student during World War II would likely join which group? a. The Public Health Service of New York City b. The Marine Nurse Corps PRIMEXAM.COM c. The Frontier Nursing Service d. The Cadet Nurse Corps ANS: D The Bolton Act of 1943 established the Cadet Nurse Corps during World War II, which increased enrollment in schools of nursing at undergraduate and graduate levels. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 23 17. A public health nurse is compiling in formation about how to promote early detection of breast cancer in women. Which document would most likely provide useful information about this topic? a. The Future of Public Health b. Healthy People 2020 c. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act d. Scope and Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice ANS: B The Healthy People documents propose a national strategy to improve significantly the health of Americans by preventing or delaying the onset of major chronic illnesses, injuries, and infectious diseases. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 26 18. A public health nurse is involved in health care reform. Which of the following best explains why the nurse is involved in these efforts? a. To promote the nursing profession b. To increase funding for public health nursing c. To address the concerns of nurses d. To help improve health care access ANS: D Public health nurses have been involved in health care reform for several year s. An emphasis of reform is that health promotion and disease prevention appear to yield reduction in costs and illness/injury incidence while increasing years of healthy life.