(Test Bank) Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology,

Shier, 13

Medicine

Test Bank

13th Edition

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Test Bank for Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology,, The downloadable file consists of 318 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.52 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Shier

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ch01 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1.Most of the terminology to name and describe body parts and their functions comes from     A. Latin and Greek. B. English and Italian. C. picture drawings on the cave walls of our ancestors. D. the language of hunter-gatherers.   2.An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n)     A. anatomist. B. physiologist. C. chemist. D. biochemist.   3.Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because     A. physiological functions depend on anatomical structures. B. physiological functions in an organism are ongoing. C. body parts take up space. D. our understanding of physiology is changing more than our understanding of anatomy.   4.The activities of an anatomist consist of ______, whereas those of a physiologist consist of _____.     A. observing body parts; studying functions of body parts B. conducting experiments; making microscopic examinations C. studying molecules; observing forms of the body parts D. sketching; dissecting   5.The origin of the term "anatomy" is related to     A. the Greek word for "function." B. the name of the first anatomist. C. the Greek word for "cutting up." D. the function of internal organs.   6.The term "physiology" is related to     A. the Latin for "physical shape." B. the structure of internal organs. C. the Greek for "cutting up." D. the Greek for "relationship to nature."   7.The recent discovery of taste receptors that detect sweetness in the small intestine illustrates that     A. chemical responses occur in only one part of the body. B. new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made. C. everything there is to know about anatomy and physiology has been discovered. D. the molecular and cellular level is of little interest in anatomy and physiology.   8.Which of the following is not true of organelles?     A. They carry on specific activities. B. They are only in cells of humans. C. They are composed of aggregates of large molecules. D. They are found in many types of cells.  9.Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity?     A. Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems B. Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems C. Organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues D. Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems   10.In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is     A. the atom. B. the molecule. C. the macromolecule. D. the cell.   11.Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form     A. tissues, which build organs. B. organs, which build tissues. C. organ systems, which build tissues. D. atoms, which comprise tissues.   12.Simple squamous epithelium is an example of a(n)     A. organ system. B. organ. C. tissue. D. molecule.   13.Assimilation is     A. changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms. B. breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb. C. eliminating waste from the body. D. an increase in body size without a change in overall shape.   14.The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates     A. circulation. B. respiration. C. responsiveness. D. absorption.   15.The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is     A. metabolism. B. absorption. C. assimilation. D. excretion.   16.Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct?     A. Responsiveness-obtaining and using oxygen to release energy from food B. Assimilation-sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them C.  Respiration-changing absorbed substances into forms that are chemically different from those that entered the body fluids D. Circulation-the movement of substances in body fluids   17.Metabolism is defined as _____.     A. the removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions B. the breakdown of substances into simpler forms C. the taking in of nutrients D. all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life  18.Which of the following processes does not help to maintain the life of an individual organism?     A. Responsiveness B. Movement C. Reproduction D. Respiration   19.Which of the following processes is most important to continuation of the human species?     A. Responsiveness B. Movement C. Reproduction D. Respiration   20.Homeostasis is the     A. inability to keep body weight within normal limits. B. room temperature decreasing because a window is open. C. ingestion of more food than you need to eat. D. tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.   21.Which of the following is not an example of a homeostatic mechanism in the human body?     A. Shivering when body temperature falls below normal. B. Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls. C. Retaining fluid leading to retaining more fluid. D. Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal.   22.Living organisms use oxygen to __________________.     A. reduce heat production B. donate electrons for cellular metabolism C. release energy stored in the molecules of food D. remove metabolic wastes   23.Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires     A. positive feedback mechanisms. B. an unstable outside environment. C. decreased atmospheric pressure. D. negative feedback mechanisms.   24.A blood clot stimulating further clotting is an example of     A. a positive feedback mechanism. B. a negative feedback mechanism. C. a process turning itself off. D. nervous system communication.   25.Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive?     A. Nitrogen B. Wastes C. Water D. Carbon dioxide   26.Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body and heat and pressure __________.     A. decrease steadily B. remain within certain limited ranges C. increase when the body is stressed D. fluctuate greatly between very high and low values  27.In negative feedback mechanisms changes away from the normal state     A. stimulate changes in the same direction. B. inhibit all body reactions. C. stimulate changes in the opposite direction. D. stimulate a reduction in all requirements of the body.   28.Positive feedback mechanisms     A. cause long term changes. B. move conditions away from the normal state. C. bring conditions back to the normal state. D. usually produce stable conditions.   29.Which of the following illustrates a positive feedback mechanism?     A. Maintaining blood pressure B. Uterine contractions during childbirth C. Body temperature control D. Control of blood sugar   30.Positive feedback mechanisms usually produce     A. changes returning values toward a set point. B. stable conditions around a set point. C. unstable conditions. D. long-term changes.   31.Which of the following is true concerning the female reproductive system?     A. It produces female sex cells. B. It transports the female sex cells. C. It can support the development of  an embryo. D. All of the above.   32.Which of the following organs is in the abdominopelvic cavity?     A. The heart B. The trachea C. The thymus D. The liver   33.The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the     A. visceral pleura. B. parietal pleura. C. visceral pericardium. D. parietal pericardium.   34.Which action is the main function of the digestive system?     A. Formation of cells B. Movement of body parts C. Absorption of nutrients D. Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients   35.Which of the following is not part of the female reproductive system?     A. The uterus B. The uterine tube C. The vulva D. The bulbourethral gland   36.The thoracic cavity lies _____________ the abdominopelvic cavity.     A. dorsal (posterior) to B. ventral (anterior) to C. superior to D. inferior to  37.Blood cells are produced in the organs of the _______ system.     A. endocrine B. skeletal C. respiratory D. muscular   38.A parietal layer of a serous membrane _______, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane ________.     A. covers organs; lines cavities B. lines cavities; covers organs C. secretes serous fluid; secretes mucus D. secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid   39.Cell death first occurs     A. at age 60. B. at age 50. C. at puberty. D. in the fetus.   40.An obstetrician tells a 42-year-old patient that she can have a healthy baby, but that she is of "advanced maternal age." The patient is so upset that she fails to listen to the rest of the doctor's advice, goes home in a huff, and immediately dyes her hair, buys a miniskirt, and signs up for botox injections to smooth the tiny lines near her eyes. She is misinterpreting the doctor's statement because it referred to     A. the age of the sperm. B. the age of her eggs. C. her risk of developing diabetes. D. her cholesterol level, not her appearance.   41.Wrinkled and sagging skin results from     A. drinking too much water. B. heredity only. C. loss of subcutaneous fat and less elastin and collagen. D. excess subcutaneous fat.   42.Signs of aging at the cellular level are     A. graying hair, waning strength, and wrinkles. B. unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins. C. impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts. D. a fatty liver and clogged blood vessels.   43.One characteristic that centenarians share is     A. a high level of exercise throughout life. B. long-lived relatives. C. following the Mediterranean diet. D. never having smoked.   44.An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a __________ section.     A. frontal B. transverse C. coronal D. sagittal   45.The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the ____region.     A. hypochondriac B. iliac C. hypogastric D. epigastric  46.When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?     A. The head is facing to the front. B. The palms are facing backward. C. The body is erect. D. The upper limbs are at the sides.   47.Paired organs, such as the kidneys or lungs, are said to be     A. bisexual. B. bilingual. C. bilateral. D. bivalent.   48.The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is     A. anterior. B. proximal. C. superficial . D. superior.   49.Which of the following are vital signs?     A. Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate B. Appearance of the skin, red blood cell count, oxygen level C. Body weight, age, gender D. Visual acuity and auditory sharpness   50.Ultrasonography is most useful for diagnostic examination of     A. dense organs, such as bones. B. air-filled organs, such as lungs. C. soft internal structures, such as fetuses. D. microscopic structures.   51.Magnetic resonance imaging uses     A. X rays. B. a radio antenna. C. radioisotopes. D. high-frequency sound waves.   52.Magnetic resonance imaging might be used to     A. distinguish between normal and cancerous tissue. B. examine an injured knee. C. obtain a sectional view of the brain. D. do all of the above.   53.The transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle greatly changed the types of diseases and injuries that early peoples suffered.     True    False   54.Patterns of growth in preserved bones and tooth decay reflect the health of the people of which they were a part.     True    False   55.The field of medicine arose as early healers abandoned superstition and ideas about magic and started using natural chemicals and wondering why they were effective at treating illness.     True    False   56.Cadaver dissection is against the law in the U.S.     True    False   57.The anatomy of a body part is closely related to its physiology.     True    False  58.We know all there is to know about the structure and function of the human body.     True    False   59.Cells with similar functions aggregate into organelles.     True    False   60.Macromolecules are built of atoms.     True    False   61.Organ systems consist of organs, which consist of tissues.     True    False   62.A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism.     True    False   63.Metabolism refers to all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life.     True    False   64.Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide.     True    False   65.Reproduction is the change in body characteristics over time.     True    False   66.Oxygen is the primary raw material for new living material.     True    False   67.Temperature is a form of energy, whereas heat is a measurement of the intensity of the temperature.     True    False   68.Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of an unstable internal environment.     True    False   69.The maintenance of a steady body temperature in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions illustrates homeostasis.     True    False   70.The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities.     True    False   71.The parietal pericardium is attached to the surface of the heart.     True    False   72.The organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine systems.     True    False   73.Kidneys are part of the lymphatic system.     True    False   74.The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat.     True    False   75.The digestive system filters wastes from the blood.     True    False   76.The parietal pleura is a visceral membrane.     True    False   77.The oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities are in the dorsal cavity.     True    False  78.Aging begins in the fetus.     True    False   79.Chromosomes get longer as a cell ages.     True    False   80.Ceroid pigments and lipofuscin accumulate with aging, impairing a cell's ability to withstand the damaging effects of oxygen free radicals.     True    False   81.The ears are lateral to the eyes.     True    False   82.The elbow is distal to the wrist.     True    False   83.The anatomical position is lying down, as a cadaver would be positioned.     True    False   84.Agriculture began in some countries as recently as _____ years ago.     ________________________________________   85.Dissection of human bodies became part of medical education in the ______ century.     ________________________________________   86.The branch of science that deals with the structure of human body parts is called _____.     ________________________________________   87.The branch of science that deals with the functions of human body parts is called ______.     ________________________________________   88.A group of cells with common properties that are organized into a layer or mass is a(n) _____.     ________________________________________   89.A subcellular structure built of assemblies of macromolecules that carries out a particular function is a(n) _____________.     ________________________________________   90.The process by which food substances are chemically changed into simpler forms that can be absorbed is called ______.     ________________________________________   91.The term ______ refers to an increase in body size without overall shape change.     ________________________________________   92.The most abundant substance in the human body is _____.     ________________________________________   93.Self-regulating control mechanisms usually operate by a process called ______ feedback.     ________________________________________   94.The potential space between the _______ membranes is called the pleural cavity.     ________________________________________   95.The chemicals endocrine glands secrete are called _____.     ________________________________________   96.The heart is part of the ______ system.     ________________________________________   97.Individuals who live more than 100 years are called______.     ________________________________________  98.Standing erect with face and palms forward and upper limbs at the sides describes the ____________ position.     ________________________________________   99.A lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions is termed ___________.     ________________________________________   ch01 Key   1. A   2. B   3. A   4. A   5. C   6. D   7. B   8. B   9. D   10. D   11. A   12. C   13. A   14. C   15. D   16. D   17. D   18. C   19. C   20. D   21. C   22. C   23. D   24. A   25. C   26. B   27. C   28. B   29. B   30. C   31. D   32. D   33. A   34. C   35. D   36. C  37. B   38. B   39. D   40. B   41. C   42. C   43. D   44. D   45. D   46. B   47. C   48. C   49. A   50. C   51. B   52. D   53. TRUE   54. TRUE   55. TRUE   56. FALSE   57. TRUE   58. FALSE   59. FALSE   60. TRUE   61. TRUE   62. TRUE   63. TRUE   64. FALSE   65. FALSE   66. FALSE   67. FALSE   68. FALSE   69. TRUE   70. TRUE   71. FALSE   72. TRUE   73. FALSE   74. TRUE  75. FALSE   76. FALSE   77. FALSE   78. TRUE   79. FALSE   80. TRUE   81. TRUE   82. FALSE   83. FALSE   84. 6,000   85. twentieth  or  20th   86. anatomy   87. physiology   88. tissue   89. organelle   90. digestion   91. growth   92. water   93. negative   94. pleural   95. hormones   96. cardiovascular   97. centenarians   98. anatomical   99. sagittal   ch01 Summary   Category # of Questions Blooms Level: 1. Remember 49 Blooms Level: 2. Understand 33 Blooms Level: 3. Apply 17 Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 1.1 3 Boxed Reading: Vignette 1 Learning Outcome: 01.01 7 Learning Outcome: 01.02 10 Learning Outcome: 01.03 11 Learning Outcome: 01.04 10 Learning Outcome: 01.05 19 Learning Outcome: 01.06 19 Learning Outcome: 01.07 9 Learning Outcome: 01.08 10 Shier - Ch01 Introduction... 99 Topic: Body Orientation 99ch02 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1.Chemistry deals with     A. the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter. B. the composition and changes of substances found in organisms only. C. the composition of and changes of substances that make up non-living matter only. D. the location of organs in body cavities.   2.Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because     A. the foods that we eat are chemicals. B. body functions depend on cellular functions that reflect chemical changes. C. chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients. D. all of the above.   3.Which of the following substances is an element?     A. Iron B. Water C. Sodium chloride D. Glucose   4.Which of the following groups of elements account for more than 95% of the human body by weight?     A. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen B. Calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen C. Carbon, phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen D. Calcium, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen   5.The atoms of different elements have     A. the same atomic number and same atomic weight. B. the same atomic number but different atomic weights. C. different atomic numbers. D. different atomic numbers but the same number of electrons.   6.Isotopes of an element have     A. the same atomic number and same atomic weight. B. the same atomic number but different atomic weights. C. different atomic numbers but the same atomic weight. D. different atomic numbers and different atomic weights.   7.Which of the following is(are) ionizing radiation?     A. Cosmic radiation only B. Gamma radiation only C. Both cosmic radiation and gamma radiation D. Neither cosmic nor gamma radiation   8.The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is     A. 8. B. 16. C. 24. D. 32.  9.The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of     A. electrons. B. protons. C. neutrons. D. nuclei.   10.The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of     A. 1 electron. B. 2 electrons. C. 4 electrons. D. 8 electrons.   11.When forming a bond, an atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will     A. lose 3 electrons from its second shell. B. lose all of the electrons from its first shell. C. lose all of the electrons from both its first and second shells. D. gain 5 electrons in its second shell.   12.The formula H2O refers to     A. Two hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule. B. One hydrogen molecule and two oxygen molecules. C. A molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. D. A molecule that contains one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms.   13.A decomposition reaction can  be symbolized by     A. A + B → C + D. B. A + B → AB. C. AB → A + B. D. C + D → AB.   14.A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is     A. acidic. B. basic. C. alkaline. D. neutral.   15.Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are     A. bases. B. nucleotides. C. acids. D. electrons.   16.The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is     A. twofold. B. fivefold. C. tenfold. D. twentyfold.   17.A chemical reaction in which parts of different molecules trade positions is a(n)     A. decomposition reaction. B. exchange reaction. C. reversible reaction. D. synthesis reaction.