(Test Bank) Anatomy And Physiology

Marieb, 6

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Test Bank

6th Edition

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Test Bank for Anatomy And Physiology, The downloadable file consists of 469 pages, and the total size of the file is 8.78 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Marieb

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1 Anatomy and Physiology 6th Edition Marieb Test Bank SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities: 1) Thoracic cavity. Answer: C 2) Cranial cavity. Answer: A 3) Abdominal cavity. Answer: D 4) Vertebral cavity. Answer: B 2 Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, match the following descriptions to the most appropriate letter on the diagram: 5) Information about body temperature is sent through afferent pathways to the brain. Answer: C 6) Free nerve endings in the skin detect changes in skin temperature (getting colder). Answer: B 7) Appropriate response information is sent through efferent pathways. Answer: D 8) A change in the temperature of the external environment (getting colder). Answer: A 9) Skeletal muscles respond with shivering reflex which provides heat to return the body's temperature to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" value. Answer: E MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the following systems to their functions: 10) Provides the force to move bones about their joints. Answer: A A) Muscular 3 11) Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses. Answer: C 12) Provides a ridged framework to support the body and stores minerals. Answer: A 13) Prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D. Answer: B A) Skeletal B) Integumentary C) Nervous Match the following systems to their functions: 14) Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones. Answer: B 15) Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. Answer: A 16) Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances. Answer: C 17) Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues. Answer: C A) Cardiovascular B) Endocrine C) Lymphatic/Immune Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms: 18) Used for changes in blood glucose levels. Answer: B 19) Used for changes in blood pressure. Answer: B 20) Used for blood clotting. Answer: A 21) Used for childbirth. Answer: A A) Positive feedback B) Negative feedback 4 Match the following systems and organs: 22) Arteries, veins, heart. Answer: E 23) Trachea, bronchi, alveoli. Answer: C 24) Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary. Answer: A 25) Esophagus, large intestine, rectum. Answer: B 26) Kidneys, bladder, ureters. Answer: D A) Endocrine B) Digestive C) Respiratory D) Urinary E) Cardiovascular Match the following cavities and organs: 27) Stomach. Answer: B 28) Heart. Answer: A 29) Uterus. Answer: B 30) Brain. Answer: C 31) Lungs. Answer: A A) Thoracic B) Abdominopelvic C) Cranial Match the following regional terms and common terms: 32) Arm. Answer: B 33) Buttock. Answer: A A) Gluteal B) Brachial 5 34) Head. Answer: C 35) Knee (anterior aspect). Answer: A 36) Chest. Answer: B A) Patellar B) Thoracic C) Cephalic Match the regional/directional terms and examples: 37) The bridge of the nose is to the left eye. Answer: B 38) The upper arm is to the forearm. Answer: D 39) The lungs are to the heart. Answer: E 40) The fingers are to the wrist. Answer: A 41) The stomach is to the spine. Answer: C A) Distal B) Medial C) Anterior D) Proximal E) Lateral MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 42) Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated. A) True B) False Answer: A 43) Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) imaging is most useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues. A) True B) False Answer: A 44) The elbow is proximal to the shoulder. A) True B) False Answer: B 45) The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum. A) True B) False Answer: B 6 46) A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction. A) True B) False Answer: A 47) The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach. A) True B) False Answer: B 48) Lungs carry out an excretory function. A) True B) False Answer: A 49) Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age. A) True B) False Answer: B 50) A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function. A) True B) False Answer: A 51) It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it. A) True B) False Answer: A 52) Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance. A) True B) False Answer: A 53) Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them. A) True B) False Answer: A 54) The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region. A) True B) False Answer: A 7 55) Histology would be best defined as a study of . A) tissues B) cell chemistry C) cells D) the gross structures of the body Answer: A 56) The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called anatomy. A) systemic B) microscopic C) gross D) developmental Answer: C 57) Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of . A) metabolism B) maintaining boundaries C) responsiveness D) excretion of metabolic waste Answer: D 58) Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process? A) to regulate excretion via the kidneys B) to control body movement C) to keep the body's blood sugar level high D) to maintain homeostasis Answer: D 59) The coxal joint is most likely found in region of the body. A) hip B) foot C) hand D) groin Answer: A 60) A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) . A) organ B) organ system C) complex tissue D) complex cell Answer: A 61) The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except . A) arms at sides B) thumbs pointed laterally C) palms turned posteriorly D) body erect Answer: C 8 62) A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be . A) blood calcium level regulation B) regulating glucose levels in the blood C) body temperature regulation D) enhancement of labor contractions Answer: D 63) Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? A) a transverse cut just above the knees B) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions C) any sagittal plane except in the midline D) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves Answer: C 64) Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? A) appendix B) intestines C) liver D) stomach Answer: B 65) The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane . A) covering individual lungs B) covering the heart C) lining the thoracic cavity D) lining the abdominal cavity Answer: C 66) Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli? A) nervous B) lymphatic C) immune D) muscular Answer: A 67) Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. A) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. B) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. C) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. D) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth. Answer: A 68) Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains . A) a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances B) the lowest possible energy usage C) a static state with no deviation from preset points D) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits Answer: D 9 69) In which body cavities are the lungs located? A) mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral B) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal C) pleural, ventral, and thoracic D) pericardial, ventra l, and thoracic Answer: C 70) Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. A) Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart. B) Serosa are very thin, double -layered structures. C) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two. D) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid. Answer: A 71) Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs A) 1-2-3-4-5 B) 1-2-4-3-5 C) 2-1-3-4-5 D) 2-1-4-3-5 Answer: D 72) Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? A) X ray B) MRI C) PET D) DSA Answer: B 73) Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? A) thoracic cavity B) vertebral cavity C) cranial cavity D) spinal cord Answer: A 74) In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located? A) right upper quadrant B) left upper quadrant C) left lower quadrant D) right lower quadrant Answer: B 10 75) Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? A) The internal environment is becoming more stable. B) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally. C) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. D) It is considered the cause of most diseases. Answer: D 76) The term pollex refers to the . A) calf B) thumb C) great toe D) fingers Answer: B 77) The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? A) brain B) lungs C) intestines D) liver Answer: A 78) Select the most correct statement. A) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. B) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both. C) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system. D) The immune system and the lymphatic system can be grouped together. Answer: D 79) One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to . A) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them B) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system C) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger D) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce Answer: A 80) Which of the following are survival needs of the body? A) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction B) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement C) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen D) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction Answer: C 81) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called? A) frontal B) transverse C) regional D) sagittal Answer: D 11 82) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called? A) sagittal B) transverse C) median D) frontal Answer: D 83) The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the cavity. A) thoracic B) ventral C) cranial D) vertebral E) dorsal Answer: E 84) Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? A) systemic anatomy B) renal physiology C) cardiovascular anatomy D) cardiovascular physiology Answer: D 85) It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because . A) to understand anatomy requires complete understanding of physiology B) physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy C) it makes for more efficient use of students' and teachers' time D) anatomy and physiology are practically the same thing Answer: B 86) The study of anatomy and physiology assumes and describes a healthy body. Select the description below that does not explain why this approach is useful. A) Study of a healthy body is less intimidating and more familiar to new students. B) A healthy body establishes what "normal" is. C) A healthy body provides a common standard to compare to. D) Study of a healthy body provides a foundation for a more complete understanding of all human bodies. Answer: A 87) One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective. A) The direction of blood flow through the heart is directed by one way valves. B) The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium. C) The extremely thin tissue (simple squamous epithelium) of the lungs allows for the quick diffusion of respiratory gases into and out of the body. D) The cell-to-cell connections between heart (cardiac) muscle cells are strong. They hold the tissue together for a life time of forceful contractions. Answer: B 12 88) One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiological perspective. A) The pancreas lies deep to the stomach within the abdominal cavity. B) The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel. C) The skull is formed by 22 facial and cranial bones. D) The chambers of the heart and blood vessels leading to and from the heart are separated by valves composed of fibrous connective tissue. Answer: B 89) Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things. A) Cells have the ability to reproduce identical copies of themselves in a process called mitosis. B) Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye and are considered microscopic. C) Cells are highly ordered and complex. D) Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristics necessary to be considered alive. Answer: D 90) Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of . A) responsiveness B) metabolism C) excretion D) maintaining boundaries Answer: D 91) Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished? A) digestion B) growth C) responsiveness D) movement Answer: B 92) Anatomical position is important because . A) it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships B) it is the position most comfortable to hospital patients C) it provides the greatest circulation to the extremities D) it allows diagrams within textbooks to display a greater surface area of the body with one simple diagram Answer: A 93) Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because . A) positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful B) positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats C) positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level D) positive feedback provides moment -to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect Answer: C 13 94) When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a . A) necessary life function B) negative feedback C) positive feedback D) loss of homeostasis Answer: C 95) Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) in the negative feedback mechanism. A) effector B) control center C) receptor D) homeostatic balance or "ideal" value Answer: C 96) You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse . A) on the posterior side of the knee B) in the distal end of the lower leg C) on the palmar side of the hand D) at the posterior side of the wrist Answer: A 97) You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer . A) in the rectum B) in the armpit C) on the forehead D) under the tongue Answer: B 98) You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein which is in the antecubital area. You will search for this vein in the . A) hand B) proximal arm C) lateral side of the foot D) anterior side of the elbow Answer: D 99) The thoracic cavity contains the . It is found to the vertebral cavity. A) kidneys and spleen: deep B) heart and lungs: anterior C) stomach and liver: superficial D) digestive viscera: inferior Answer: B 14 ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 100) Similar cells that have a common function are called . Answer: tissues 101) What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean? Answer: What a structure can do depends on its specific form, or "structure determines function." 102) The term that describes the back of the elbow is . Answer: olecranal 103) The term that describes the neck region is . Answer: cervical 104) The heart is to the lungs. Answer: medial 105) is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems. Answer: Physiology 106) What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed? Answer: homeostasis 107) Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum? Answer: pelvic 108) What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called? Answer: visceral peritoneum 109) What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells? Answer: metabolism 110) What is the function of the serous membranes? Answer: They act to reduce friction and allow the organs to slide across cavity walls. 111) Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer. Answer: Yes, carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste the lungs excrete. 112) Why is anatomical terminology necessary? Answer: Anatomical terms are precise words that have limited usage, which prevents confusion when describing the location of body parts. 113) The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called . Answer: responsiveness or excitability 114) What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body? Answer: water 15 115) Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be continued at life-sustaining rates? Answer: If body temperature is too low, chemical reactions slow and eventually stop. If body temperature is too high, chemical reactions speed up and body proteins lose their normal shape, resulting in loss of function. 116) What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called? Answer: afferent pathway 117) What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex? Answer: negative 118) Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable to blunt deceleration in an automobile accident with seat belts? Answer: The walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are not reinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree of protection from the bony pelvis. 119) What is the action of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body? Answer: They prevent sudden severe changes within the body. 120) Which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its original value or range? Answer: positive feedback 121) What can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over? Answer: Homeostatic imbalances increase our risk for illness and produce the changes we associate with aging. 122) Which body system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure? Answer: respiratory system 123) Describe the overlap in function between the cardiovascular system and respiratory system. In other words, describe how they work together. Answer: The blood is provided a consistent supply of oxygen from the lungs while the circulatory system delivers carbon dioxide which will be removed from the body by the respiratory system. 124) Describe the overlap in function between the muscular system and skeletal system. In other words, describe how they work together. Answer: The skeleton provides the ridged frame work (levers) for muscles to attach to. Muscles provide the force to move the bones about the joints. 125) The integumentary system helps to maintain a boundary between the internal and external environment. Give an example of something that is prevented entry to t he body and an example of something prevented from escaping the body by the integumentary system. Answer: The integument prevents entry of pathogens (germs, viruses, bacteria) or harmful chemicals. The integumentary system prevents water (body fluid) loss. 126) Describe the opposing ways that the muscular system and integumentary system act as effectors in the regulation of body temperature. Answer: The integument cools the body through sweat while the muscular system warms the body by shivering.