(Test Bank) Business Ethics Decision Making for Personal Integrity & Social Responsibility

Hartman, 5

Business

Test Bank

5th Edition

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Test Bank for Business Ethics Decision Making for Personal Integrity & Social Responsibility, The downloadable file consists of 424 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.19 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Hartman

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Version 1 1 CHAPTER 1 TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) In a general sense, a business stakeholder is one who has made substantial financial investments in the business. ⊚ true ⊚ false 2) A firm’s ethical reputation can provide a competitive advantage in the marketplace with customers, suppliers, and employees. ⊚ true ⊚ false 3) Ethics refers to how human beings should properly live their lives. ⊚ true ⊚ false 4) Norms appeal to certain values that would be promoted or attained by acting in a certain way. ⊚ true ⊚ false 5) Values are the only guidance individuals need to act in ways that are positive or ethical. ⊚ true ⊚ false 6) Ethical values are personal codes of ethics that ensure that a person meets his or her individual standards of well-being. ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 2 7) The well-being promoted by ethical values is not a personal and selfish well-being. ⊚ true ⊚ false 8) Societies that value individual freedom legally stipulate codes of personal integrity and common decency to safeguard this freedom. ⊚ true ⊚ false 9) In civil law, there is no room for ambiguity in applying the law because much of the law is established by past precedent. ⊚ true ⊚ false 10) Ethical theories are patterns of thinking, or methodologies, to help us decide what to do. ⊚ true ⊚ false MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 11) Which of the following represents the role of philosophical ethics in the field of business ethics? A) providing the fundamental language and categories of ethics B) understanding how business organizations fit into a broader social and political context C) recognizing how and why people behave as they do D) promoting a culture in which ethical behavior flourishes 12) Identify a true statement about the field of business ethics.Version 1 3 A) It is rooted in the more general principle of social ethics. B) It is not a multidisciplinary field. C) It is mainly relevant to decision making within an organization. D) It involves decisions at the individual, at the organizational, and at a broader social and governmental level. 13) Which of the following is a goal of a business ethics class? A) understanding how and why people behave unethically B) doing everything required to satisfy business stakeholders C) separating ordinary ethical consideration from business decisions D) recognizing that business has its own standards of good and bad 14) ________ is a theory of human motivation that claims that all human actions are selfish and motivated by self-interest. A) Theoretical reasoning B) The stakeholder theory C) Psychological egoism D) The separation thesis 15) The ________ asserts that ordinary ethical standards should be kept separate from, and not be used to judge, business decisions because business has its own standards of good and bad. A) scientific method B) separation thesis C) concept of theoretical reasoning D) social ethics model 16) In a general sense, anyone who affects or is affected by decisions made within a firm can be called a business ________.Version 1 4 A) nominee B) stakeholder C) analyst D) insider 17) Which of the following best describes a business stakeholder? A) only the minority shareholders in a business entity B) only those who have acquired significant shares in a firm C) anyone who audits a firm D) anyone who affects or is affected by decisions made within a firm 18) Which of the following best describes ethics? A) an academic discipline that originated in the early 1900s B) a descriptive approach that provides an account of how and why people do act the way they do C) the study of how human beings should properly live their lives D) a descriptive approach such as psychology and sociology 19) Which of the following is an approach advocated while teaching ethics? A) Teachers should teach ethical dogma to a passive audience. B) Teachers should consider acceptance of customary norms as an adequate ethical perspective. C) Teachers should understand that their role is only to tell the right answers to their students. D) Teachers should challenge students to think for themselves. 20) Philosophers often state that ethics is ________, which means that it focuses on people’s reasoning about how they should act.Version 1 5 A) normative B) derivative C) circumstantial D) clinical 21) Which of the following observations is true of ethics? A) It is descriptive in nature. B) It deals with our reasoning about how we should act. C) It provides an account of how and why people act the way they do. D) It is equivalent to law-abiding behavior. 22) Social sciences such as psychology and sociology are different from ethics owing to the fact that they are ________. A) normative in nature B) descriptive in nature C) conjectural in nature D) clinical in nature 23) ________ seeks an account of the how and why people should act a certain way, rather than how they do act. A) Sociology B) Psychology C) Ethics D) Anthropology 24) Which of the following is a factor that distinguishes social sciences, such as psychology and sociology, from ethics?Version 1 6 A) Unlike ethics, these disciplines inquire why people act the way they do. B) Unlike ethics, these disciplines are normative rather than descriptive. C) Unlike ethics, these disciplines provide an account of how people should act. D) Unlike ethics, these disciplines give directives about how people should act. 25) The ________ discipline provides an account of how and why people do act the way they do. A) descriptive B) supererogatory C) normative D) stipulative 26) Individual codes of conduct based on one’s value structures regarding how one should live, how one should act, what one should do, and what kind of a person should one be is sometimes referred to as ________. A) morality B) independence C) leadership D) rationality 27) Morality is the aspect of ethics that we can refer to by the phrase "________." A) personal freedom B) individual rationality C) personal integrity D) persuasive rationality 28) Ethics refers to the applications of ________ on which people’s decisions are based.Version 1 7 A) values B) morals C) etiquettes D) norms 29) Identify the area of ethics that raises questions about justice, law, civic virtues, and political philosophy. A) stipulative ethics B) existential ethics C) virtue ethics D) social ethics 30) The aspect of business ethics that examines business institutions from a social rather than an individual perspective is referred to as A) decision making for social responsibility. B) corporate cultural responsibility. C) organizational ethical responsibility. D) institutional morality. 31) ________ establish the guidelines or standards for determining what one should do, how one should act, what type of person one should be. A) Roles B) Attitudes C) Norms D) Laws 32) Which of the following is a true statement about norms?Version 1 8 A) They are underlying beliefs that cause people to choose one way or another. B) They are standards of appropriate and proper behavior. C) They provide benchmarks of desirable societal conditions. D) They consist of guidelines for bringing about positive behavioral change. 33) The crux of normative ethics is that these disciplines A) presuppose some underlying values. B) describe what people do. C) should always involve the study or discipline of ethics. D) branch away from social ethics to personal ethics. 34) Which of the following refers to an underlying belief that causes people to choose between plausible courses of action? A) norms B) paradigms C) protocols D) values 35) Which of the following is true about values? A) Values are the highest standards of appropriate and proper behavior. B) Corporate scandals prove the fact that individuals have personal values, but institutions lack values. C) Values cannot lead to unethical results. D) Values are underlying beliefs that cause us to act or to decide in a certain way. 36) ________ are beliefs and principles that provide the ultimate guide to a company’s decision making.Version 1 9 A) Mission statements B) Core values C) Historical milestones D) Vision statements 37) Which of the following is a way of saying that a corporation has a set of identifiable values that establish the expectations for what is normal within the firm? A) organizational culture B) organizational policy C) organizational code D) organizational structure 38) Ethics requires that the promotion of human welfare be done A) based on the personal opinions of the decision maker. B) based on the level of need of the beneficiaries. C) understanding the religious beliefs of the beneficiary. D) in a manner that is acceptable and reasonable from all relevant points of view. 39) Dramatic examples of tyrannical regimes in history demonstrate that A) societies valuing freedom welcome laws that require more than the ethical minimum. B) just societies can only be achieved through strict enforcement of ethical codes. C) obedience to the law almost always makes people apathetic towards their ethical duties. D) one’s ethical responsibility may run counter to the law. 40) Telling organizations that their ethical responsibilities end with obedience to the lawVersion 1 10 A) is just inviting more legal regulation. B) is enough to maintain an ethical business environment. C) reduces the frequency of corporate scandals. D) eliminates ambiguity while making personal ethics-related decisions. 41) The failure of personal ethics among companies like Enron and WorldCom led to the creation of the A) Brooks Act. B) Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. C) Clinger-Cohen Act. D) Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 42) Which of the following observations is true? A) Obedience to the law is sufficient to fulfill one’s ethical duties. B) The law is very effective at promoting “goods.” C) The law cannot anticipate every new dilemma that businesses might face. D) An individual’s ethical responsibility can never run counter to the law. 43) Which of the following is a true statement about the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? A) What counts as a disability remains ambiguous under the law. B) The law lays out clear-cut rules for reasonable accommodation. C) The law has not been put into practice till date. D) Mental disabilities have been left out of the purview of the law. 44) A process to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives is called ________.Version 1 11 A) risk assessment B) practical reasoning C) theoretical reasoning D) risk pooling 45) Practical reasoning is reasoning about A) what we should think. B) what we should do. C) what we should believe. D) what we should share. 46) Reasoning about what should be done is known as ________ reasoning. A) practical B) objective C) theoretical D) predictive 47) Theoretical reasoning is reasoning about A) what we actually do. B) what we should do. C) what we should believe. D) what we should implement. 48) ________ reasoning is reasoning about what we should believe.Version 1 12 A) Practical B) Abstract C) Theoretical D) Descriptive 49) Which of the following is the pursuit of the highest standard for what we should believe? A) theoretical reason B) notional reason C) emotional reason D) practical reason 50) Which of the following is the great arbiter of truth according to the tradition of theoretical reason? A) religion B) customs C) science D) norms 51) Which of the following can be thought of as the answer to the fundamental questions of theoretical reason? A) the scientific method B) the practical approach C) the contingency approach D) the normative model Version 1 13 FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 52) A ________ is anyone affected, for better or for worse, by the decisions made within a particular firm. 53) ________ is a theory of human motivation that claims that all human actions are selfish and motivated by self-interest. 54) The ________ asserts that ordinary ethical standards should be kept separate from, and not be used to judge, business decisions because business has its own standards of good and bad. 55) A process to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives is called ________. 56) As a discipline, ________ deals with norms and standards of appropriate and proper (normal) behavior. 57) ________ is the aspect of ethics that is referred to by the phrase “personal integrity.” 58) Normative disciplines presuppose some underlying ________. 59) Acts and decisions that seek to promote human welfare are based on ________. 60) The aspect of business integrity that focuses on examining business institutions from a collective rather than from an individual perspective falls under the area of ________.Version 1 14 61) ________ reasoning is reasoning about what we should believe. ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 62) Explain how the study of ethics was viewed until recently, and what kind of shift in focus has occurred post the scandals. 63) Describe the advantages associated with ethical decision making. 64) Discuss the hesitation (that may be justified) associated with teaching ethics. Explain briefly how the authors of this text believe that ethics can be taught constructively in a class. 65) Define ethics. How is it different from social sciences such as psychology and sociology?Version 1 15 66) Differentiate the concepts of morality and social ethics. 67) Why is "ethics" considered a normative discipline? 68) Define values and discuss the element of corporate culture in detail. 69) Describe the two elements of ethical values.