(Test Bank) Business Ethics A Real World Approach

Ghillyer, 3

Business

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Author(s): Ghillyer

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Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-1 True / False Questions 1. The field of ethics is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" behavior. True False 2. Moral standards are based on religious, cultural, or philosophical beliefs by which judgments are made about good or bad behavior. True False 3. A structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs refers to society. True False 4. Standards of ethical behavior are absorbed by osmosis as you observe the examples, both positive and negative, set by everyone around you —parents, family members, friends, peers, and neighbors. True False 5. Individuals acquire their personal moral standards in the same way that they learn the alphabet. True False 6. A set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior refers to a value system. True False 7. The terms morals and values do not mean the same thing. True False Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-2 8. A person's values have a specific worth to them. True False 9. An intrinsic value, such as happiness and health, is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake. True False 10. An intrinsic value means that the pursuit of a one value is a good way to reach another value. True False 11. There ar e clearly defined rules of right and wrong, and you should live your life in direct observance of those rules. True False 12. 12. Simple truth is one of the four basic categories of ethics and can be expressed simply as doing the right thing . True False 13. 13. Typically people do share the same interpretation of what "the right thing" is, but they may not share the same commitment in doing it. True False 14. Superman has become a fictional representation of personal integrity. True False Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-3 15. Rules of appropriate individual behavior represent the idea that the moral standards we develop for ourselves impact our lives on a daily basis in our behavior and the other types of decisions we make. True False 16. "Do unto others as yo u would have them do unto you" is the golden rule. True False 17. Every religion in the world shares the golden rule. True False 18. Aristotle believed in individual character and integrity, and established a concept of living your life accordi ng to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal – what sort of person would I like to become, and how do I go about becoming that person? True False 19. Virtue ethics is the concept of living your life according to the achievement of clear and similar virtues. True False 20. Ethics for the greater good is also referred to as utilitarianism . True False 21. The problem with ethics for the greater good is the idea that the ends justify the means. True False Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-4 22. The problem with utilitarianism is the focus on doing the most good for a select few, such as Adolf Hitler and the idea of launching a national genocide against Jews on the utilitarian grounds of restoring the Aryan race. True False 23. Universal ethics argue that t here are certain universal principles that should apply to all ethical judgments. True False 24. The problem with universal ethics is that no one is held accountable for the consequences of actions taken to abide by those principles. True False 25. Applied ethics is the study of how ethical theories are put into practice. True False 26. Ethical relativism is where the traditions of your society, your personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define your ethical princip les. True False 27. Ethical dilemmas are the study of how ethical theories are put into practice. True False 28. An ethical dilemma is a situation in which there is no obvious right or wrong decision, but rather a right or right answer. True False Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-5 29. The basic assumption of ethical theory is that you as an individual or community are in control of all the factors that influence the choices that you make. True False 30. Usually an ethical dilemma can be resolved with a satisfactor y answer to the problem. True False 31. The first step in resolving an ethical dilemma is to analyze the consequences. True False 32. Due to aggressive competitors, Joe Smith feels pressured to lie to an important customer to keep the customer. He feels they will never discover the truth. With this ethical dilemma, the first thing Joe must do is analyze the actions without thinking about consequences. True False 33. The final step in solving an ethical dilemma is to evaluate the results of your decision. True False 34. Arthur Dobrin identified 15 questions you should consider when resolving an ethical dilemma. True False 35. The process of ethical reasoning involves looking at the available information and then drawing conclusio ns based on that information in relation to our own ethical standards. True False Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-6 36. Preconventional is the lowest level of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning. True False 37. The first stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethi cal reasoning is preconventional. True False 38. The third stage of Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning is law and order. True False 39. In the third stage of Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning, a person is focused on meeting the expecta tions of friends and coworkers and how something will affect their life. True False 40. The highest level of ethical reasoning is the post -conventional level. True False 41. According to Kohlberg's framework, an individual can jump beyond the n ext stage of his or her six stages. True False 42. Kohlberg stated that it would be impossible for a person to comprehend the moral issues and dilemmas at a level so far beyond his or her life experience and education. True False Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-7 Multiple C hoice Questions 43. ______ refers to a study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of right" or "wrong" behavior. A. Morality B. Ethics C. Virtuosity D. Philosophy 44. All of the following are sources of individuals' moral sta ndards except : A. Family B. Religion C. Government D. Friends 45. A structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs refers to _________. A. neighborhood B. global Village C. cult D. society 46. _______ is a particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that characterize a group of individuals. A. Culture B. Role C. Morals D. Norm Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-8 47. When individuals share similar standards in a community, we can use the term _______. A. moral system B. value system C. ethic al system D. instrumental system 48. The terms _________ and values are often used to mean the same thing, a set of personal principles by which you aim to live your life. A. instrumental system B. outcomes C. morals D. lessons 49. An _______ is a val ue that is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake. A. intrinsic value B. extrinsic value C. instrumental value D. external value 50. An _________, such as happiness and health, is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake. A. extrinsic value B. external value C. instrumental value D. intrinsic value 51. An _______ is where the pursuit of that value is a good way to reach another value. A. intrinsic value B. extrinsic value C. instrumental value D. external value Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-9 52. The impact of a person's or a group's _______ can be seen in the extent to which their daily lives are influenced by those values. A. ethics B. morality C. religion D. value system 53. What is it that makes the study of ethics so complex? A. Constant ch ange B. The grey area C. Differing religions D. Black and white decisions 54. Which of the following is not one of the four basic categories of ethics? A. Personal integrity B. Rules of appropriate individual behavior C. Rules of appropriate behavior fo r a community or society D. Stretched truth 55. ________ is just doing the right thing, and it is something most people can understand and support. A. Personal integrity B. Rules of appropriate individual behavior C. Rules of appropriate behavior for a community or society D. A simple truth Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-10 56. Which of the following defines simple truth ? A. The idea that the moral standards we develop for ourselves impact our lives on a daily basis. B. The idea that we must bring our personal value systems into a w orld that we share with people who may have different value systems. C. Doing the right thing. D. Viewing one's behavior from an external, rather than an internal, viewpoint. 57. All of the following represent the ideal of personal integrity except: A. Scrooge McDuck B. Batman C. Superman D. Spider -Man 58. For some, the _______ rule best expresses the goal of living an ethical life: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. A. golden B. virtuous C. moral justice D. equality 59. Ethical theo ries can be divided into the following categories except: A. Virtue ethics B. Ethics for the greater good C. Rational ethics D. Universal ethics Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-11 60. ______ is a concept of living your life according to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal. A. Universal ethics B. Ethics for the greater good C. Utilitarianism D. Virtue ethics 61. Which of the following faces the problem that societies can place different emphases on different virtues? A. Normative ethics B. Utilitarianism C. Virtue ethics D. Universal ethics 62. The Greek philosopher Aristotle's belief in individual character and integrity established the concept of _______. A. philosophical ethics B. virtue ethics C. moral ethics D. societal ethics 63. _______ is a theory more focuse d on the outcome of your actions rather focusing on the apparent virtue of the actions themselves. A. Ethics for the greater good B. Normative ethics C. Ethical relativism D. Utilitarianism Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-12 64. Ethics for the greater good, a theory more focused on the outcome of your actions rather focusing on the apparent virtue of the actions themselves is also referred to as __________. A. virtue ethics B. normative ethics C. ethical relativism D. utilitarianism 65. Ethics for the greater good was originally prop osed by the Scottish philosopher ______. A. David Hume B. Joseph Badaracco C. Aristotle D. Lawrence Kohlberg 66. The problem with _______ is the idea that the ends justify the means. A. ethics for the greater good B. normative ethics C. ethical relativ ism D. utilitarianism 67. The problem with utilitarianism is A. it is a gray area. B. constant change. C. not everyone is committed to doing the right thing. D. the idea that the ends justify the means. 68. The theory of ______ places actions within a strictly moral context instead of basing actions on the needs of a particular situation. A. normative ethics B. universal ethics C. virtue ethics D. utilitarianism Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-13 69. According to the theory of _______, the traditions of your society, your personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define your ethical principles. A. ethics for the greater good B. normative ethics C. ethical relativism D. utilitarianism 70. The study of how ethical theories are put into practice refers to ______ _. A. applied ethics B. normative ethics C. descriptive ethics D. meta -ethics 71. Due to aggressive competitors, Joe Smith feels pressured to lie to an important customer to keep the customer. He feels they will never discover the truth. Joe is facing a n ethical ______. A. choice B. dilemma C. impasse D. preference 72. An ethical _______ is a situation in which there is no obvious "right" or "wrong" decision, but rather a "right" or "right" answer. A. choice B. dilemma C. impasse D. preference Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-14 73. The basic assumption of ethical theory is that you as an individual or community _______. A. there are no grey areas B. after extensive research and discussion, there is always a clear right answer C. people will usually act ethically when presented wit h the right choice D. are in control of all the factors that influence the choices that you make 74. The first step in the three -step process for solving an ethical problem is to _______. A. analyze the consequences B. analyze the problem C. make a deci sion D. analyze the actions 75. The second step in the three -step process for solving an ethical problem is to _______. A. analyze the consequences B. analyze the problem C. make a decision D. analyze the actions 76. The final step in the three -step p rocess for solving an ethical problem is to _______. A. analyze the consequences B. analyze the problem C. make a decision D. analyze the actions 77. All of the following are questions identified by Arthur Dorbin to resolve an ethical dilemma except: A. What do your feelings tell you? B. What are the alternatives? C. What are the facts? D. What will you think of yourself if you decide one thing or another? Chapter 001 Understanding Ethics 1-15 78. Arthur Dobrin identified ___ questions you should consider when resolving an ethical dilem ma. A. 8 B. 6 C. 10 D. 15 79. _______ looks at the information available to us in resolving an ethical dilemma, and draws conclusions based on that information in relation to our own ethical standards. A. Ethical framework B. Philosophical logic C. Ethical reasoning D. Moral reasoning 80. Which of the following is the lowest level of moral development? A. Preconventional B. Conventional C. Postconventional D. Social contract 81. How many stages are in Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning ? A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 82. The _______ stage focuses on the avoidance of punishment and deference to power and authority. A. "good boy/nice girl" orientation B. law and order orientation C. principled conscience D. obedience and punishment orientation