(Test Bank) Biology Laboratory Manual

Vodopich, 12

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Test Bank

12th Edition

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Test Bank for Biology Laboratory Manual, The downloadable file consists of 491 pages, and the total size of the file is 3.79 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Vodopich

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Biology Laboratory Manual 12th Edition Vodopich Test Bank Biology Laboratory Manual, 12e (Vodopich) Exercise 01 - Scientific Method 1) What is true about science? Check all statements that apply. A) It is a single entity. B) It generally contains bias. C) It is an orderly process. D) It proceeds by posing and answering questions. E) It results in scientific experiments are repeatable. Answer: C, D, E Explanation: Scientists are often people who retain the curiosity that they had as children. They observe the natural world, and ask questions about what they observe, and they conduct experiments to answer their questions. The experiments and process should be unbiase d and orderly, and the results should be repeatable. Science cannot be considered a single entity, because there are many disciplines within the realm of science. Section: Introduction Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.01. Define science and understand the logic and sequence of the scientific method. Bloom's: 2. Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2) Scientists are the only individuals whoNUuRseSItNheGTscBi.eCnOtiMfic method. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Anyone can use the scientific method. Using this method just requires a curious, observant person who uses a logical problem -solving approach. Section: Introduction Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.01. Define science and understand the logic and sequence of the scientific method. Bloom's: 3. Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 3) Consider the followin g general observation: Groups of tadpoles of the same species raised in the lab may have significantly different average weights. Which is a more precise, insightful observation that could be tested? A) Woodfrog tadpoles grow larger if fed a meat -based diet. B) The average weight for groups of bullfrog tadpoles is higher if density of tadpoles per gallon of water is less than 1. C) Green frog tadpoles grow larger if kept in water above 18°C. D) All of the choices are correct. Answer: D Explanation: Each of these statements links a specific variable to tadpole size. Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about the natural world. Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 4) What should be considered in formulating a hypothesis? Check all that apply. A) The possibility the hypothesis will not be supported by the experimental data B) Prediction C) The possibility the hypothesis will be proved true D) The possibility the hypothesis will be supported by the experimental data Answer: A, B, D Explanation: Hypotheses should be falsifiable, which indicates that a hypothesis may not be supported by experimental data. A hypothesis may also be supported by experimental data, but it is never correct to say that a hypothesis has been proved true. Hypotheses can be predictive about the nature of the effect of a variable. Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about the natural world. Bloom's: 2. Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 5) The hypothesis states there will be no difference between the control and experimental groups i n an experiment. Answer: null Explanation: Null is generally defined as something that has no effect. A null hypothesis states that the variable that is being tested is not something that differs between the control and experimental groups. Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about the natural world. Bloom's: 1. Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 6) In a well-designed experiment, only treatment variable that differs between the control and experimental group is tested. Answer: a single 1 one Explanation: Only a single variable difference establishes a causal relationship between variable and effect. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topi c: A View of Life; Scientific MethNoUdRSINGTB.COM Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis. Bloom's: 2. Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 7) Imagine that you wish to compare a new diet of a meat -based fish food for tadpoles that are raised in the laboratory to the traditional laboratory diet of boiled lettuce. You want to see if the new diet will be associated with an increase in the average weight of the tadpoles. In your experiment you keep all other factors, such as tadpole density per pan, temperature, pH, and the amount of food the same. The only difference between your control and experimental groups is the type of food the tadpoles receive. Which is a null hypothesis for this tadpole experiment? A) Tadpoles will be larger if fed a meat -based diet. B) Tadpoles will be larger if fed boiled lettuce. C) Diet will have no effect on tadpole size. D) Tadpole size will be more variable if fed a meat -based diet. Answer: C Explanation: A null hypothesis states that the variable under examination does not cause a difference in what is being measured in the control and experimental groups. In this experiment the effect of different diets on tadpole size is being measured. A null hypothesis would state that different diets do not impact tadpole size. Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Ob jective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about the natural world. Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 8) Which is an alternate, nonpredictive hypothesis for the tadpole diet experiment? A) Tadpole size will increase if they are fed a meat -based diet. B) Tadpole size will decrease if they are fed lettuce. C) Tadpole size will be unaffected by diet. D) Tadpole size will differ if groups of tadpoles are fed different diets. Answer: D Explanation: An alternate, nonpredictive hypothesis would state that the tadpoles would differ, but would not state how the tadpoles would differ. Section: Development of Observations, Questi ons, and Hypotheses Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about the natural world. Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 9) What is the inde pendent variable for the tadpole diet experiment? A) Diet B) Tadpole size C) Species of tadpole D) Lab conditions Answer: A Explanation: The independent variable is what would cause the potential change that is being examined. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis. Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10) What is the dependent variable for the tadpole diet experiment? A) Diet B) Size of tadpoles C) Tadpole species D) Lab conditions Answer: B Explanation: The dependent variable is what will be measured. Section: Experimentation and Data AnaNlUysRiSsI:NYGeTaBst.CNOuMtrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis. Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 11) In the tadpole diet experiment, it would be sufficient to test only one single pan of tadpoles that were fed lettuce, and only one single pan of tadpoles fed meat. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Multiple replicates provide greater confidence that results are correct and that the experiment is repeatabl e. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis. Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 12) After you weigh your tadpoles at the conclusion of the experiment, how would you determine if the type of diet significantly impacted tadpole size? A) The final conclusion should be based on your impressions/opinions. B) The data should undergo statistical analysis. C) The average of the control group should be compared to the average of the experimental group. D) You must meet with other scientists to discuss the results and form an opinion. Answer: B Explanation: The use of statistics makes the analysis objective. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis. Bloom's: 3. Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13) What is not a question that can be answered using the scientific method? A) Does the amount of daylight have an effect on tadpole growth? B) Is the length of the larval period variable for tadpoles within a species? C) Are wood frog tadpoles cuter than bullfrog tadpoles? D) Is adult frog size related to size as a tadpole? Answer: C Explanation: This cannot be answered in an objective manner; it is a matter of opinion. Section: Introduction Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.01. Define science and understand the logic and sequence of the scientific method. Bloom's: 3. Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 14) You have just finished weighing a pan of tadpoles at the conclusion of your experiment in which you sought to determine whether tadpoles that were fed the meat -based diet grew significantly larger than tadpoles that were fed boiled lettuce. This pan of tadpoles was fed the meat -based diet. You used an electronic balance to weigh your tadpoles, so you have not estimated the last digit of the measurements. For practical purposes, you will assess a small data set of eight tadpoles. The individual weights of the tadpoles were as follows: • 55.99 mg • 56.45 mg • 58.67 mg • 56.15 mg • 58.56 mg • 60.43 mg • 59.11 mg • 61.33 mg What is the mean of this sample? Answer: 58 Explanation: The mean is calculated by adding the individual measurements together and then dividing by the number of individuals in the sample. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.03. C alculate thNeUrRaSnIgNeG, TmBe.aCnO,Mand standard deviation f or a set of replicate measurements. Bloom's: 4. Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation NURSINGTB.CO M 15) You have just finished weighing a pan of tadpoles at the conclusion of your experiment in which you sought to determine whether tadpoles that were fed the meat -based diet grew significantly larger than tadpoles that were fed boiled lettuce. This pan of tad poles was fed the meat -based diet. You used an electronic balance to weigh your tadpoles, so you have not estimated the last digit of the measurements. For practical purposes, you will assess a small data set of eight tadpoles. The individual weights of the tadpoles were as follows: • 55.99 mg • 56.45 mg • 58.67 mg • 56.15 mg • 58.56 mg • 60.43 mg • 59.11 mg • 61.33 mg What is the variance of this sample? Answer: 4 Explanation: To calculate variance, divide the sum of deviations2 by sample size -1. Tadpole weight (mg) Sample Mean Deviation = Weight - mean Deviation2 55.99 58.34 -2.35 5.52 56.45 58.34 -1.89 3.57 58.67 58.34 0.33 0.11 56.15 58.34 -2.19 4.80 58.56 58.34 0.22 0.05 60.43 58.34 2.09 4.37 59.11 58.34 0.77 0.59 61.33 58.34 2.99 8.94 Sum: 27.95 Sample size = 8 Variance = 27.95/7 = 3.99 Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.03. Calculate the range, mean, and standard deviation for a set of replicate measurements. Bloom's: 4. Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation NURSINGTB.CO M 16) You have just finished weighing a pan of tadpoles at the conclusion of your experiment in which you sought to determine whether tadpoles that were fed the meat -based diet grew significantly larger than tadpoles that were fed boiled lettuce. This pan of tadpoles was fed the meat -based diet. You used an electronic balance to weigh your tadpoles, so you have not estimated the last digit of the measurements. For practical purposes, you will assess a small data set of eight tadpoles. The individual weights of the tadpoles were as follows: • 55.99 mg • 56.45 mg • 58.67 mg • 56.15 mg • 58.56 mg • 60.43 mg • 59.11 mg • 61.33 mg What is the standard deviation of this sample? Answer: 2 Explanation: To calculate standard deviation, take the square root of the variance. Tadpole weight (mg) Sample Mean Deviation = Weight - mean Deviation2 55.99 58.34 -2.35 5.52 56.45 58.34 -1.89 3.57 58.67 58.34 0.33 0.11 56.15 58.34 -2.19 4.80 58.56 58.34 0.22 0.05 60.43 58.34 2.09 4.37 59.11 58.34 0.77 0.59 61.33 58.34 2.99 8.94 Sum: 27.95 Sample size = 8 Variance = 27.95/7 = 3.99 Standard deviation = 2.00 Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.03. Calculate the range, mean, and standard deviation for a set of replicate measurements. Bloom's: 4. Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation NURSINGTB.CO M 17) You have just finished weighing a pan of tadpoles at the conclusion of your experiment in which you sought to determine whether tadpoles that were fed the meat -based diet grew significantly larger than tadpoles that were fed boiled lettuce. The pan you weighed was fed boiled lettuce. You used an electronic balance to weigh your tadpoles, so you have not estimated the last digit of the measurements. For practical purposes, you will assess a small data set of eight tadpoles. The individual weights of the tadpoles were as follows: • 35.24 mg • 42.98 mg • 43.44 mg • 40.56 mg • 40.87 mg • 39.12 mg • 39.15 mg • 39.19 mg What is the variance of this sample? Answer: 7 Explanation: To calculate variance, divide the sum of deviations2 by sample size -1. Tadpole weight (mg) Sample Mean Deviation = Weight - mean Deviation2 35.24 40.07 -4.83 23.33 42.98 40.07 2.91 8.47 43.44 40.07 3.37 11.36 40.56 40.07 0.49 0.24 40.87 40.07 0.80 0.64 39.12 40.07 -0.95 0.90 39.15 40.07 -0.92 0.85 39.19 40.07 -0.82 0.77 Sum: 46.56 Sample size = 8 Variance = 46.56/7 = 6.65 Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.03. Calculate the range, mean, and standard deviation for a set of replicate measurements. Bloom's: 4. Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) You have just finished weighing a pan of tadpoles at the conclusion of your experiment in which you sought to determine whether tadpoles that were fed the meat -based diet grew significantly larger than tadpoles that were fed boiled lettuce. You used an ele ctronic balance to weigh your tadpoles, so you have not estimated the last digit of the measurements. The pan that you have just weighed contained tadpoles that were fed boiled lettuce. For practical purposes, you will assess a small data set of eight tadp oles. The individual weights of the tadpoles were as follows: • 35.24 mg • 42.98 mg • 43.44 mg • 40.56 mg • 40.87 mg • 39.12 mg • 39.15 mg • 39.19 mg What is the mean of this sample? Answer: 40 Explanation: The mean is calculated by adding the individual measurements together and then dividing by the number of individuals in the sample. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topi c: A View of Life; Scientific MethNoUdRSINGTB.COM Learning Objective: 01.03. Calculate the range, mean, an d standard deviation for a set of replicate measurements. Bloom's: 4. Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation NURSINGTB.CO M 19) You have just finished weighing a pan of tadpoles at the conclusion of your experiment in which you sought to determine whether tadpoles that were fed the meat -based diet grew significantly larger than tadpoles that were fed boiled lettuce. The pan you weighed was fed boiled lettuce. You used an electronic balance to weigh your tadpoles, so you have not estimated the last digit of the measurements. For practical purposes, you will assess a small data set of eight tadpoles. The individual weights of the tadpoles were as follows: • 35.24 mg • 42.98 mg • 43.44 mg • 40.56 mg • 40.87 mg • 39.12 mg • 39.15 mg • 39.19 mg What is the standard deviation of this sample? Answer: 3 Explanation: To calculate standard deviation, take the square root of the variance. Tadpole weight (mg) Sample Mean Deviation = Weight - mean Deviation2 35.24 40.07 -4.83 23.33 42.98 40.07 2.91 8.47 43.44 40.07 3.37 11.36 40.56 40.07 0.49 0.24 40.87 40.07 0.80 0.64 39.12 40.07 -0.95 0.90 39.15 40.07 -0.92 0.85 39.19 40.07 -0.82 0.77 Sum: 46.56 Sample size = 8 Variance = 46.56/7 = 6.65 Standard deviation = 2.58 Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.03. Calculate the range, mean, and standard deviation for a set of replicate measurements. Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) What does the range of a sample represent? A) The difference between the treatment types B) The difference between the smallest and largest data C) The difference between the null and alternate hypotheses D) The geographic location in which the experiment was conducted Answer: B Explanation: The range is represented by the difference between the smallest measurement and the largest measurement. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.03. Calculate the range, mean, and standard deviation for a set of replicate measurements. Bloom's: 2. Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) What does it mean if two treatments are said to be "significantly different"? Check all that apply. A) The difference was very likely not due to natural variation. B) The means of each sample plus or minus half the variance do not overlap. C) The means of each sample plus or minus half the standard deviation do not overlap. D) The ranges overlap. Answer: A, C Explanation: A significant difference refers to a difference between a control group and an experimental group that is not the result of natural variation. Numerically this means that the means of each sample plus or minus half the standard deviation do not overlap. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.03. Calculate the range, mean, and standard deviation for a set of replicate measurements. Bloom's: 2. Understand Accessibility: Keybo ard Navigation 22) What makes a theory different from a hypothesis? Check all that apply. A) A theory has a greater range of experimental support. B) A theory has stood the test of time. C) A theory can be a guess. D) A theory cannot be used to make predictions. Answer: A, B Explanation: Theories are synthesized as the result of multiple experiments over time that suggest the same result. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Food Preference by Pillbugs Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.05. Understand the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory. Bloom's: 2. Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) While a accounts for a single observation, a accounts for a group of observation s. A) hypothesis; null hypothesis B) null hypothesis; hypothesis C) hypothesis; theory D) theory; hypothesis Answer: C Explanation: A hypothesis accounts for one observation, while a theory is constructed from multiple observations. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Food Preference by Pillbugs Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Learning Objective: 01.05. Understand the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory. Bloo m's: 2. Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Of what is standard deviation a direct measure? Check all that apply. A) The variation in a data set B) Natural variations that occur throughout biology C) The average value of a data set D) Variation within an individual measurement E) The number of individuals in a sample Answer: A, B Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method; Measurement Learning Objective: 01.03. Calculate the range, mean, and standard deviation for a set of replicate measurements. Bloom's: 1. Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation