(Test Bank) Understanding the Essentials of Critical Care Nursing

Perrin, 3

Nursing

Test Bank

3rd Edition

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Test Bank for Understanding the Essentials of Critical Care Nursing, The downloadable file consists of 559 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.38 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Perrin

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Chapter 1 What Is Critical Care? 1) Identify  who of the following  patients suffers from critical illness. A patient: 1. With chronic airflow limitation  whose VS are: BP 110/72, P 110, R 16. 2. With acute bronchospasm  and whose VS are: BP 100/60, P 124, R 32. 3. Who was involved  in a motor vehicle accident whose VS are: BP 124/74, P 74, R 18. 4. On chronic dialysis with no urine output and whose VS are: BP 98/50, P 108, R 12. Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Acute  bronchospasm  can present a life-threatening  situation,  which can jeopardize  a patientʹs survival.  #1, #3, and #4 are examples  of non-life-threatening  situations. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 2. Acute bronchospasm  can present a life-threatening  situation,  which can jeopardize  a patientʹs survival.  #1, #3, and #4 are examples  of non-life-threatening  situations. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 3. Acute bronchospasm  can present a life-threatening  situation,  which can jeopardize  a patientʹs survival.  #1, #3, and #4 are examples  of non-life-threatening  situations. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 4. Acute bronchospasm  can present a life-threatening  situation,  which can jeopardize  a patientʹs survival.  #1, #3, and #4 are examples  of non-life-threatening  situations. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation Learning  Outcome: 1 -1: Define critical care Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 12) Of the following  patients,  who should be cared for in a critical care unit? A patient: (Select all that apply.) 1. With an acetaminophen  overdose 2. Suffering  from acute mental illness 3. With chronic renal failure 4. With acute decompensated  heart failure Answer: 1,  4 Explanation: 1. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Critical care units are cost-efficient units for caring for patients with specific organ system failure. Although  the organ failing in #4 is obvious,  patients with acetaminophen  overdose often suffer liver failure as a consequence.  #2 and #3 present patient concerns  of a noncritical nature. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 2. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Critical care units are cost-efficient units for caring for patients with specific organ system failure. Although  the organ failing in #4 is obvious,  patients with acetaminophen  overdose often suffer liver failure as a consequence.  #2 and #3 present patient concerns  of a noncritical nature. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 3. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Critical care units are cost-efficient units for caring for patients with specific organ system failure. Although  the organ failing in #4 is obvious,  patients with acetaminophen  overdose often suffer liver failure as a consequence.  #2 and #3 present patient concerns  of a noncritical nature. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 4. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Critical care units are cost-efficient units for caring for patients with specific organ system failure. Although  the organ failing in #4 is obvious,  patients with acetaminophen  overdose often suffer liver failure as a consequence.  #2 and #3 present patient concerns  of a noncritical nature. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation Learning  Outcome: 1 -1: Define critical care Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 23) A hospital in a small rural town would be able to provide which level of care in the critical care unit? 1. Level I 2. Level II 3. Level III 4. It is unlikely that the hospital would have a critical care unit Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. #1  and #2 describe more advanced  and inclusive  critical care abilities; #4 is not likely at all because most hospitals  have some critical care areas. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 2. #1 and #2 describe more advanced  and inclusive  critical care abilities; #4 is not likely at all because most hospitals  have some critical care areas. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 3. #1 and #2 describe more advanced  and inclusive  critical care abilities; #4 is not likely at all because most hospitals  have some critical care areas. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 4. #1 and #2 describe more advanced  and inclusive  critical care abilities; #4 is not likely at all because most hospitals  have some critical care areas. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care Learning  Outcome: 1 -2: State the three levels of care provided  in critical care units 4) A nurse employed  in an ʺopenʺ ICU would most likely be working  with a: 1. Multidisciplinary  team with physicians  who are also responsible  for patients on other units. 2. Multidisciplinary  team that includes a physician  employed  by the hospital. 3. Physician  in charge of patient care who is a specialist  in critical care. 4. Primary  care physician  who must consult a critical care specialist. Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. #2,  #3, and #4 refer to ʺclosedʺ ICUs. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 2. #2, #3, and #4 refer to ʺclosedʺ ICUs. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 3. #2, #3, and #4 refer to ʺclosedʺ ICUs. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 4. #2, #3, and #4 refer to ʺclosedʺ ICUs. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care Learning  Outcome: 1 -3: Compare  and contrast ʺopenʺ and ʺclosedʺ critical care units Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 35) According  to the Institute of Medicine,  technology  increases  the likelihood  of errors in critical care units when: 1. It relies heavily on human decision-making. 2. Devices  are programmed  to function without double-checks. 3. It makes the workload  seem overwhelming  to health care providers. 4. There is uniform equipment  throughout  each facility. Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. #1,  #3, and #4 have not been identified  to increase the likelihood  of errors in the critical care unit. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Comprehension Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 2. #1, #3, and #4 have not been identified  to increase the likelihood  of errors in the critical care unit. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Comprehension Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 3. #1, #3, and #4 have not been identified  to increase the likelihood  of errors in the critical care unit. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Comprehension Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 4. #1, #3, and #4 have not been identified  to increase the likelihood  of errors in the critical care unit. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Comprehension Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care Learning  Outcome: 1 -4: Explain why critical care units are one of the most common  sites for health care errors Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 46) Which  of the following  is a common  example of installing  forcing functions  or system level firewalls  in order to prevent errors? 1. Prior to administration  of insulin, two nurses check the dose. 2. Prior to obtaining  a medication,  height, weight and allergies are recorded. 3. All medications  are checked by two nurses prior to administration. 4. Undiluted  potassium  chloride is not available  on critical care units. Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. #1  and #3 are examples  of avoiding  reliance on vigilance;  #2 is an example of utilizing constraints. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Pharmacological  and Parenteral  Therapies 2. #1 and #3 are examples  of avoiding  reliance on vigilance;  #2 is an example of utilizing constraints. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Pharmacological  and Parenteral  Therapies 3. #1 and #3 are examples  of avoiding  reliance on vigilance;  #2 is an example of utilizing constraints. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Pharmacological  and Parenteral  Therapies 4. #1 and #3 are examples  of avoiding  reliance on vigilance;  #2 is an example of utilizing constraints. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Pharmacological  and Parenteral  Therapies Learning  Outcome: 1 -4: Explain why critical care units are one of the most common  sites for health care errors Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 57) The increased  use of technology  in critical care units has resulted in which of the following  consequences  for patient care? 1. Decreased  risk of errors in patient care 2. Decreased  therapeutic  nurse-patient communication 3. Improved  overall patient satisfaction  with care 4. Improved  patient safety across the entire spectrum Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. #1,  #3, and #4 have not been demonstrated  as outcomes  resulting  from increased  technology use. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 2. #1, #3, and #4 have not been demonstrated  as outcomes  resulting  from increased  technology use. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 3. #1, #3, and #4 have not been demonstrated  as outcomes  resulting  from increased  technology use. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 4. #1, #3, and #4 have not been demonstrated  as outcomes  resulting  from increased  technology use. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation Learning  Outcome: 1 -4: Explain why critical care units are one of the most common  sites for health care errors 8) Completion  of a preoperative  checklist  is an operationalized  example of which of the following recommendations  issued by the Institute of Medicine? 1. Utilizing  constraints 2. Simplifying  key processes 3. Avoiding  reliance on vigilance 4. Standardizing  key processes Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. #1,  #2, and #4 are additional  recommendations  issued by the Institute of Medicine. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 2. #1, #2, and #4 are additional  recommendations  issued by the Institute of Medicine. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 3. #1, #2, and #4 are additional  recommendations  issued by the Institute of Medicine. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 4. #1, #2, and #4 are additional  recommendations  issued by the Institute of Medicine. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care Learning  Outcome: 1 -4: Explain why critical care units are one of the most common  sites for health care errors Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 69) Which  of the following  actions should the nurse complete  first after realizing  that an incorrect  dose of medication  has been administered  to a patient? (Select all that apply.) 1. Documentation  of the error 2. Notification  of the physician 3. Notification  of the patient and family 4. Preparation  for a root cause analysis Answer: 1,  2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Although  they are all correct, #2 should be completed  first and a plan developed  to ensure that the patient is not harmed. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 2. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Although  they are all correct, #2 should be completed  first and a plan developed  to ensure that the patient is not harmed. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 3. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Although  they are all correct, #2 should be completed  first and a plan developed  to ensure that the patient is not harmed. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 4. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Although  they are all correct, #2 should be completed  first and a plan developed  to ensure that the patient is not harmed. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care Learning  Outcome: 1 -4: Explain why critical care units are one of the most common  sites for health care errors Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 710) The nurse working  within the AACN Synergy Model realizes that optimal patient outcomes  are realized when: 1. Highly  qualified  nurses care for patients in highly technical  settings. 2. Nurses  agree to work overtime  to cover unit staffing needs. 3. Staff nurse competency  is matched  with patient needs. 4. Patient  care is delivered  within a ʺclosed unitʺ model. Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. #1,  #2, and #4 are not correct. The underlying  assumption  of the synergy model is that optimal patient outcomes  occur when the needs of the patient and family are matched  with the competencies  of the nurse. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 2. #1, #2, and #4 are not correct. The underlying  assumption  of the synergy model is that optimal patient outcomes  occur when the needs of the patient and family are matched  with the competencies  of the nurse. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 3. #1, #2, and #4 are not correct. The underlying  assumption  of the synergy model is that optimal patient outcomes  occur when the needs of the patient and family are matched  with the competencies  of the nurse. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 4. #1, #2, and #4 are not correct. The underlying  assumption  of the synergy model is that optimal patient outcomes  occur when the needs of the patient and family are matched  with the competencies  of the nurse. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Application Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care Learning  Outcome: 1 -5: Describe  the relationship  between the patient and the nurse in the AACNʹs synergy model Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 811) The competent  critical care nurse demonstrates  an understanding  of patient advocacy  by taking which of the following  actions? (Select all that apply.) 1. Maintaining  attendance  at the bedside with the patient during a physician  visit 2. Assisting  and supporting  the patient and family as they reveal their needs 3. Alerting  the physician  to concerns  about patient placement  after hospitalization 4. Encouraging  and supporting  a patientʹs spouse in preparing  for a family meeting Answer: 1,  2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) #1, #2, #3, and #4 all indicate ways in which the new critical care nurse could demonstrate  an understanding  of patient advocacy. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity 2. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) #1, #2, #3, and #4 all indicate ways in which the new critical care nurse could demonstrate  an understanding  of patient advocacy. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity 3. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) #1, #2, #3, and #4 all indicate ways in which the new critical care nurse could demonstrate  an understanding  of patient advocacy. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity 4. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) #1, #2, #3, and #4 all indicate ways in which the new critical care nurse could demonstrate  an understanding  of patient advocacy. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity Learning  Outcome: 1 -5: Describe  the relationship  between the patient and the nurse in the AACNʹs synergy model Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 912) A nurse is preparing  to communicate  an issue about patient care to a physician  using the SBAR technique. Which of the following  phrases is an appropriate  initial statement? 1.ʺI am concerned  about…ʺ 2.ʺThe patientʹs immediate  history is…ʺ 3.ʺI think the problem is…ʺ 4.ʺI would like you to …ʺ Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. #2,  #3, and #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 2. #2, #3, and #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 3. #2, #3, and #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 4. #2, #3, and #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care Learning  Outcome: 1 -7: Describe  ways to enhance communications  and collaboration  among members  of the health care team 13) The nurse would include which statement  for ʺA -Assessment ʺ in the SBAR technique  for communication? 1.ʺI think the problem is…ʺ 2. The patientʹs vital signs are…ʺ 3.ʺThe patientʹs treatments  are…ʺ 4.ʺI would like you to…ʺ Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. #1  is correct. #2, #3, #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 2. #1 is correct. #2, #3, #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 3. #1 is correct. #2, #3, #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 4. #1 is correct. #2, #3, #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care Learning  Outcome: 1 -7: Describe  ways to enhance communications  and collaboration  among members  of the health care team Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 1014) To complete  an SBAR communication  about a patient issue, the nurse should use which of the following statements? 1.ʺThe patientʹs immediate  history is…ʺ 2.ʺThe patientʹs physical findings are…ʺ 3.ʺI am requesting  that you…ʺ 4.ʺI have assessed  the patient personally. ʺ Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. #3  is correct. #1, #2, #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 2. #3 is correct. #1, #2, #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 3. #3 is correct. #1, #2, #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care 4. #3 is correct. #1, #2, #4 are statements  pertinent  to other portions of the SBAR. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Safe, Effective  Care Environment–Management  of Care Learning  Outcome: 1 -7: Describe  ways to enhance communications  and collaboration  among members  of the health care team Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 1115) Nurses  must be able to collaborate  with other members  of the health care team in order to effect optimal outcomes  in patient care. The nurse understands  that characteristics  of emotional  maturity  within the profession  include: (Select all that apply.) 1. Being a lifelong learner. 2. Actively  identifying  best practices. 3. Maintaining  current skills. 4. Overlooking  oneʹs own shortcomings. Answer: 1,  2, 3 Explanation: 1. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) #4 does not describe an attribute  of emotional  maturity  in nursing. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Comprehension Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity 2. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) #4 does not describe an attribute  of emotional  maturity  in nursing. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Comprehension Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity 3. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) #4 does not describe an attribute  of emotional  maturity  in nursing. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Comprehension Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity 4. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) #4 does not describe an attribute  of emotional  maturity  in nursing. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Comprehension Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity Learning  Outcome: 1 -7: Describe  ways to enhance communications  and collaboration  among members  of the health care team Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 1216) A nurse might utilize a variety of informal  power bases in the health care setting. These include: (Select all that apply.) 1. Information. 2. Expertise. 3. Goodwill. 4. Observation. Answer: 1,  2, 3 Explanation: 1. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Observation,  although  important,  is not considered  to be a form of power. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity 2. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Observation,  although  important,  is not considered  to be a form of power. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity 3. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Observation,  although  important,  is not considered  to be a form of power. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity 4. (Note:  This requires multiple  responses  to be correct.) Observation,  although  important,  is not considered  to be a form of power. Nursing Process: Assessment Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Psychosocial  Integrity Learning  Outcome: 1 -7: Describe  ways to enhance communications  and collaboration  among members  of the health care team Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 1317) When  a nurse encourages  a patient who has experienced  a motor vehicle crash to cough and deep-breathe even the patient does not initially want to, the nurse is placing a priority on which of the following  ethical principles? 1. Beneficence 2. Nonmaleficence 3. Respect  for persons 4.Justice Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. According  to ethicists,  nonmaleficence  should take precedence  over beneficence  because it is more important  to avoid doing harm to patients than to attempt to benefit them. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 2. According  to ethicists,  nonmaleficence  should take precedence  over beneficence  because it is more important  to avoid doing harm to patients than to attempt to benefit them. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 3. According  to ethicists,  nonmaleficence  should take precedence  over beneficence  because it is more important  to avoid doing harm to patients than to attempt to benefit them. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation 4. According  to ethicists,  nonmaleficence  should take precedence  over beneficence  because it is more important  to avoid doing harm to patients than to attempt to benefit them. Nursing Process: Evaluation Cognitive  Level: Analysis Category  of Need: Physiological  Integrity–Physiological  Adaptation Learning  Outcome: 1 -8: Explain why some health care providers  believe that critically  ill patients cannot give informed consent Understanding  the Ess. of Critical Care Nursing (Perrin) --CVC  12/3/08 -- Page 14