(Test Bank) Fundamentals Of Nursing

Taylor,Lynn,Bartlett, 1

Nursing

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1st Edition

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Test Bank for Fundamentals Of Nursing, The downloadable file consists of 501 pages, and the total size of the file is 3.27 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Taylor, Lynn, Bartlett

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Chapter 1, Introduction to Nursing An oncology nurse with 15 years of experience, certification in the area of oncology nursing, and a master‘s degree is considered to be an expert in her area of practice and works on an oncology unit in a large teaching hospital. Based upon thi s description, which of the following career roles best de scribes this nurse‘ s role, taking into account her qualifications and experience? Clinical nurse specialist Nurse entrepreneur Nurse practitioner Nurse educator Ans: A Feedback: A clinical nurse specialist is a nurse with an advanced de gree, education, or experience who is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of nursing. The clinical nurse specialist carries out direct patient care; consultation; teaching of patients, families, and staff; and research. A nurse practitioner ha s an advanced degree and works in a variety of settings to deliver primary care. A nurse educator usually has an advanced degree and teaches in the educational or clinical setting. A nurse entrepreneur may manage a clinic or health -related business. What guidelines do nurses follow to identify the patient‘s health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet established outcomes? Nursing process ANA Sta ndards of Professional Performance Evidence -based practice guidelines Nurse Practice Acts Ans: A Feedback: The nursing process is one of the major guidelines for nursing practice. Nurses implement their roles through the nursing process. The nursing process is used by the nurse to identify the patient‘s health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet established outcomes. Which of the foll owing organizations is the best source of information when a nurse wishes to determine whether an action is within the scope of nursing practice? American Nurses Association (ANA) American Association of Colleges in Nursing (AACN) National League for Nursing (NLN) International Council of Nurses (ICN) Ans: A Feedback: The ANA produces the 2003 Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice , which defines the activities specific and unique to nursing. The AACN addresses educational standards, wh ile the NLN promotes and fosters various aspects of nursing. lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 The ICN provides a venue for national nursing organizations to collaborate, but does not define standards and scope of practice. Who is considered to be the founder of professional nursing? Dorothea Dix Lillian Wald Florence Nightingale Clara Barton Ans: C Feedback: Florence Nightingale is considered to be the founder of professional nursing. She elevated the status of nursing to a respe cted occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing education. Although the other choices are women who were important to the development of nursing, none of them is considered the founder. Which of the following nursing pi oneers established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882? Florence Nightingale Clara Barton Dorothea Dix Jane Addams Ans: B Feedback: Clara Barton volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during the civil war, served a s the supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James, organized hospitals and nurses, and established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882. A nurse practitioner is caring for a couple who are the parents of an infant diagnosed with Down Syndrome. The nurse makes referrals for a parent support group for the family. This is an example of which nursing role? Teacher/Educator Leader Counselor Collaborator Ans: C Feedback: Counseling skills involve the use of therapeutic interpersonal co mmunication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals, and facilitate the patient‘s problem -solving and decision -making skills. The teacher/educator uses communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate individualized teaching plans to meet learning needs of clients and their families. A leader displays an assertive, self -confident practice of nursing when providing care, effecting change, and functioning with groups. The collaborator uses skills in organization, communication, and advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the health care team as they provide patient care. A nurse is providing nursing care in a neighborhood clinic to single, pregnant teens. Which of the following actions is the best example of using the counselor role as a nurse? lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 Discussing the legal aspects of adoption for teens wishing to place their infants with a family Searching the Internet for information on child care for the teens who wish to return to scho ol Conducting a client interview and documenting the information on the client‘s chart Referring a teen who admits having suicidal thoughts to a mental health care specialist Ans: D Feedback: The role of the counselor includes making appropr iate referrals. Discussing legal issues is the role of the advocate and searching for information on the Internet is the role of a researcher. Conducting a client interview would fall under the role of the caregiver. A nurse instructor explains the conc ept of health to her students. Which of the following statements accurately describes this state of being? Health is a state of optimal functioning. Health is an absence of illness. Health is always an objective state. Health is not determined by th e patient. Ans: A Feedback: Health is a state of optimal functioning or well -being. As defined by the World Health Organization, one‘s health includes physical, social, and mental components and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Health is often a subjective state; a person may be medically diagnosed with an illness but still consider himself or herself healthy. A nurse incorporates the health promotion guidelines established by the U.S. Department of Health document: Healthy People 2010 . Which of the following is a health indicator discussed in this document? Cancer Obesity Diabetes Hypertension Ans: B Feedback: The 10 leading indicators of health established by Healthy People 2010 are: physical activity, excessi ve weight and obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, responsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, environmental quality, immunizations, and access to health care. Which of the following is a criteria that defines nursing as professio n? an undefined body of knowledge a dependence on the medical profession an ability to diagnose medical problems a strong service orientation lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 Ans: D Feedback: Nursing is recognized increasingly as a professi on based on the following defining criteria: well -defined body of specific and unique knowledge; strong service orientation; recognized authority by a professional group; code of ethics; professional organization that sets standards; ongoing research; and autonomy. After graduation from an accredited program in nursing and successfully passing the NCLEX, what gives the nurse a legal right to practice? Enrolling in an advanced degree program Filing NCLEX results in the county of residence Being licen sed by the State Board of Nursing Having a signed letter confirming graduation Ans: C Feedback: The Board of Nursing in each state has the legal authority to allow graduates of approved schools of nursing to take the licensing examination. Those who successfully meet the requirements for licensure are given a license to practice nursing in the state. It is illegal to practice nursing without a license issued by the State Board of Nursing. A nurse does not have the legal right to practice nursing by enrolling in an advanced degree program, filing NCLEX results, or having a letter confirming graduation. A health care facility determined that a nurse employed on a medical unit was documenting care that was not being given, and subsequently reporte d the action to the State Board of Nursing. How might this affect the nurse‘s license to practice nursing? It will have no effect on the ability to practice nursing. The nurse can practice nursing at a less -skilled level. The nurse‘s license may be r evoked or suspended. The nurse‘s license will permanently carry a felony conviction. Ans: C Feedback: The license and the right to practice nursing can be denied, revoked, or suspended for professional misconduct, such as a crime. Other areas of professional misconduct include incompetence, negligence, and chemical impairment. Committing a felony does affect the legal right to practice nursing, does not allow the nurse to practice at a lower level, and is not attached to the license. While prov iding care to the diabetic patient the nurse determines that the patient has a knowledge deficit regarding insulin administration. This nursing action is described in which phase of the nursing process? evaluation implementation planning nursing diag nosis Ans: D lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 Feedback: Nursing focuses on human responses to actual or potential health problems. Identifying the problems occur in the nursing diagnosis phase. Mutually establishing expected outcomes with the patient occurs in the planning phase. Implementation of the individualized interventions, and evaluation of outcomes are also phases in the nursing process. A nurse is caring for a client who is a chronic alcoholic. The nurse educates the client about t he harmful effects of alcohol and educates the family on how to cope with the client and his alcohol addiction. Which of the following skills is the nurse using? Caring Comforting Counseling Assessment Ans: C Feedback: The nurse is using co unseling skills to educate the client about the harmful effects of alcohol. The nurse can also suggest rehabilitative care for the client. The nurse uses therapeutic communication techniques to encourage verbal expression and to understand the client‘s per spective. Caring, comforting, and assessment may require active listening, but counseling is based upon the active listening and interaction between the client and the counselor. A nurse is caring for a client with quadriplegia who is fully conscious an d able to communicate. What skills of the nurse would be the most important for this client? Comforting Assessment Counseling Caring Ans: D Feedback: The client needs assistance in performing activities of daily life. This would require implementation of caring skills from the nurse. Comforting, counseling, and assessment skills are also required, but the priority is the caring skill. Comforting skil ls involve providing safety and security to the client, whereas counseling skills are impl emented while providing health education and emotional support. Assessment skills would be required when collecting data from the client. A nurse is assigned the care of a client who has been admitted to the health care facility with high fever. Which n ursing skill should be put into practice at the first contact with the client? Assessment Caring Comforting Counseling Ans: A Feedback: lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 On admission of the client to a health care facility, the nurse would be required to conduct an initial assessment of the client. Therefore, the nurse would implement his or her nursing skills in this case. This can be done by interviewing, observing, and examining the client. Caring skills are put into practice once the nursi ng needs are determined. Comforting and counseling skills may not have a major role in assessing client problems. A nurse is caring for a client with a hernia. Which of the following statements should the nurse use while counseling the client about his condition? ―Open hernioplasty is the best surgery for you.‖ ―Open and laparoscopic hernioplasty are available.‖ ―You are not a suitable candidate for hernioplasty.‖ ―I had a bad experience when I underwent hernioplasty.‖ Ans: B Feedback: A counselor should provide the client with unbiased information from which to choose. Therefore, the statement that ―Open and laparoscopic hernioplasty are available‖ should be used by the nurse when counseling a client with hernia. The nurse should, however, refrain from giving a personal opinion, so it should not be mentioned which surgery is best for the client; likewise, the nurse should not bring up his or her own past experiences. By reserving personal opinions, a nurse promotes the right of every person to make his or her own decisions and choices on matters affecting health and illness care. Telling the client about his suitability to surgery or the best surgery for him may be biased from the experiences of the past. A registered nurse assigns the ta sk of tracheostomy suctioning of a client to the LPN. The LPN informs the nurse that she has never done the procedure practically on a client. What should be the most appropriate response from the registered nurse? ―You are through with your theory clas s, so you should know.‖ ―Take the help of the nurse who knows to perform the procedure.‖ ―Take the help of the procedure manual and act accordingly.‖ ―I will help you in performing the procedure on the client.‖ Ans: D Feedback: Although the registered nurse has assigned the task to the LPN, the overall responsibility lies with the registered nurse. The registered nurse is answerable for the client‘s care, not the LPN. Telling the LPN that she should know the procedure because it is taught in class is inappropriate; putting theory into application would require supervision. Asking the LPN to refer to the manual and perform the procedure is incorrect because the LPN may commit mistakes. The LPN is not confident about the procedure and therefore should not be asked to do the task alone or with another nurse who knows the procedure. A nurse at a health care facility provides information, assistance, and encouragement to clients during the various phases of nursing care. In which of the followin g activities does the nurse use counseling skills? Educating a group of young girls about AIDS Telling a client to localize the pain in his abdomen Encouraging a client to walk without support Assisting a lactating mother in feeding her child lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 Ans: A Feedback: The activity of educating a group of young girls about AIDS is based on the nurse using counseling skills. Telling a client to localize his pain is an assessment skill. Encouraging a client to wa lk without support can be both a comforting skill and a caring skill. Assisting a lactating mother in feeding her baby is an example of a caring skill. A student wants to join a nursing program that provides flexibility in working at both staff and mana gerial positions. Which nursing program should the nurse suggest for this student? Hospital -based diplomas Baccalaureate nursing programs Associate degree programs Continuing nursing programs Ans: B Feedback: The student could opt for a bac calaureate nursing program. Baccalaureate -prepared nurses have the greatest flexibility in qualifying for nursing positions at both staff and managerial levels. Hospital -based diploma programs are three -year courses and provide maximum exposure to clinical nursing. Students becoming nurses through the associate degree program would not be expected to work in a management position. Continuing nursing programs are on -the-job educational programs. Training schools for nurses were established in the United S tates after the Civil War. The standards of U.S. schools deviated from those of the Nightingale paradigm. Which of the following statements is true about U.S. training schools? Training schools were affiliated with a few select hospitals. Training of n urses provided no financial advantages to the hospital. Training was formal, based on nursing care. Training schools eliminated the need to pay employees. Ans: D Feedback: Training schools in the U.S. profited by eliminating the need to pay employees because students worked without pay in return for training, which usually consisted of chores. U.S. training schools were established by any hospital; there was no formal training. Training was an outcome of work, which eliminated the need to pay employees. Nightingale training schools were affiliated with a few select hospitals, training of nurses provided no financial advantages to the hospital, and the training was formal, based on nursing care. A student has completed a nursing program accr edited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. Which of the following is true about the organization? It fosters continued improvement in nursing education programs. Accreditation is by governmental peer review process. It ensures the quali ty and integrity of diploma nursing programs. It uses state -recognized standards to evaluate the programs. Ans: A OMoARcPSD|675258 7 Feedback: The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education fosters continued improvement in nursing edu cation programs. Accreditation is by nongovernmental, peer review process. It ensures the quality and integrity of baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs, not diploma nursing programs. It uses nationally -recognized, not state -recognized, standards to evaluate the programs. A registered nurse adheres to the American Nurses Association‘s standard of professional performance by engaging in which of the following? Assessment Diagnosis Evaluation Collaboration Ans: D Feedback: Collaborati on is designated in ANA‘s standard of professional performance. Assessment, diagnosis, and evaluation are not designated in ANA‘s standard of professional performance. They are professional nursing responsibilities designated in ANA‘s standard of care list . During the clinical rotation, a nurse documents the vital signs of a client on the bedside chart. What role is the nurse playing in such a situation? Decision maker Communicator Coordinator Client advocate Ans: B Feedback: The nurse is providing, in written form, the client‘s vital signs to the health care provider checking the bedside chart during his or her clinical rounds, so the nurse acts as a communicator. The nurse is not making any decisions here, so the role is not that of a dec ision maker. The nurse is not playing the role of a coordinator or a client advocate. When the nurse coordinates services offered by a variety of health care professionals, the nurse acts as a coordinator. As a client advocate, the nurse should protect the client, understanding the client‘s needs and concerns. A licensed practice nurse (LPN) is working as a staff nurse. What role do the LPNs working as staff nurses play? Work only in long -term care facilities and at client‘s homes Provide direct nurs ing care to the clients in the health care facility Work only as care providers, team members, and communicators Supervise the work of charge nurses working in different units Ans: B Feedback: LPNs working as staff nurses provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility. Staff nurses may work in hospitals, the community, clinics, long -term care facilities, or homes. They work not only as care providers, team lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 members, and communicators bu t also as decision makers, client advocates, and educators. They do not supervise the work of charge nurses working in different units. Their work is coordinated by the charge nurse or the team leader. The Nurse Corps of the United States Army was estab lished by whom? Dorothea Dix Lillian Wald Florence Nightingale Isabel Hampton Robb Ans: A Feedback: Dorothea Dix established the Nurse Corps of the United States Army. The director of nursing (DON) of a major hospital is seeking to hire a nurse with a strong technical background to care for patients on a busy surgical unit. The DON is most likely going to hire a nurse prepared at which level of nursing? Doctoral level Master‘s level Baccalaureate level Associate level Ans: D Feedbac k: The ANA‘s 1965 resolution prompted the 1985 ANA statement adopting the titles of associate nurse (a nurse prepared in an associate degree program with an emphasis on technical practice) and professional nurse (a nurse possessing the baccalaureat e degree in nursing) for these two levels. Master‘s and doctoral prepared nurses possess higher degrees and expertise. A student is choosing her educational path and desires a nursing degree with a track that contains community nursing and leadership, as well as liberal arts. The student would best be suited in which type of program? Licensed practical nursing program Certification in a nursing specialty Diploma nursing program Baccalaureate program Ans: D Feedback: The baccalaureate degree in nursing offers students a full college or university education with a background in the liberal arts. A nurse is caring for a young victim of a terrorist attack. During the rehabilitative process, the nurse assists the client i n bathing and dr essing. What role the nurse is engaged in? Advocate Caregiver lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 Counselor Educator Ans: B Feedback: As providers of care, nurses assume responsibility for helping clients promote, restore, and maintain heal th and wellness. Communicating the client‘s needs and concerns, and protecting the client‘s rights are components of the advocacy role of nursing. The nurse is simply assisting in hygiene measures; no education or counseling is being provided. A nurse r eceives an x -ray report on a newly admitted patient suspected of having a fractured tibia. The nurse contacts the physician to report the findings. What role is the nurse engaged in? Communicator Advocate Caregiver Researcher Ans: A Feedback: Nurses are communicators when they report findings to the health care team. Advocacy involves actions such as protecting the patient‘s safety or rights. Administering care measures directly to the patient demonstrates the caregiver role. Research involv es collecting and analyzing data. The client‘s plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice? Nursing process Nursing‘s Social Policy Statement Nurse practice act ANA Standards of Nursing Practice Ans: A Feedback : Nursing process is used by nurses to identify the client‘s strengths, limitations, and health care needs; to formulate a plan of care to address the health care needs; to plan and implement a plan of care to meet those health care needs; and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to achieve established outcomes. The ANA Standards of Nursing Practice defines the activities of nurses that are specific and unique to nursing. Nurse practice acts are laws established by each state to regulate the pr actice of nursing. Nursing‘s Social Policy Statement describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing and nursing‘s knowledge base, including the methods by which nursing is regulated. The nurse is administering immunizations to a group of teens in a county health clinic. The nurse correctly identifies this action as: Illness prevention Restorative care Treatment of disease Supportive nursing care lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 Ans: A Feedback: The aim of illness prevention activities is to reduce the risk for illness, to promote good health habits, and to maintain op timal functioning. Immunization administration is an example of illness prevention. Assisting with cr utch walking, and teaching medication administration would be examples of health restoration activities. Administering antibiotics to a patient to treat an infection would be an example of treatment of disease. Hospice care is an example of supportive care . Which nursing role is the nurse exhibiting when collecting data about the number of urinary tract infections on the nursing unit? Advocate Leader Counselor Researcher Ans: D Feedback: Data collection is part of the research process. As an advocate, the nurse would implement actions to protect the rights of the client. Counseling involves the use of therapeutic, interpersonal communication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals, and facilitate client problem -solving and decision -making skills. A nurse leader is assertive and self-confident when providing care, effecting change, and functioning within groups. A client reports to the emergency department with ankle pain from a minor road accident. The nurse asks the cli ent to fully describe the circumstances of the accident. Which ANA standard of nursing practice is best demonstrated by the nurse‘s action? Assessment Diagnosis Ethics Caring Ans: A Feedback: According to the ANA Standard I, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the client‘s health or the situation. Standard 2 – Diagnosis is Standard 2, which occurs when the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues pertaining to the client. S tandard 7 – Ethics pertains to the ethical guidelines of nursing practice. Caring, although an essential part of nursing practice, is not considered an ANA Standard. Organize these events in chronological order, beginning with the earliest (1) and endin g with the most recent (5). During the Crusades, religious orders provided nursing care to the sick. Florence Nightingale administered care to British soldiers during the Crimean War. Clara Barton organized the American Red Cross. Mary Elizabeth Mahone y graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879 as America‘s first African American nurse. 35. lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 5) Margaret Sanger advocated for contraception and family planning in the United States. 1,2,3, 4,5 1,2,4,3,5 1,2,4,5,3 1,2,3,5,4 2,1,4,3,5 Ans: A Feedback: The correct order of these events is (1) during the Crusades, religious orders provided nursing care to the sick; (2) Florence Nightingale administered care to British soldiers during the Crimean War; (3) Clara Barton organized the American Red Cross; (4) Mary Elizabeth Mahoney graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879 as America‘s first African American nurse; and (5) Margaret Sanger advocated for c ontraception and family planning in the United States. Chapter 2, Theory, Research, and Evidence -Based Practice After reviewing several research articles, the clinical nurse specialist on a medical surgical unit rewrites the procedure on assessing pla cement of a nasogastric tube. What source of nursing knowledge did the nurse use in this situation? Scientific knowledge Traditional knowledge Authoritative knowledge Philosophical knowledge Ans: A Feedback: The clinical nurse specialist uti lized scientific knowledge, which is gained through the research -based scientific method. Philosophical knowledge is not a source of nursing knowledge, but is a type of general knowledge. Authoritative knowledge comes from an expert and is accepted as trut h based upon the person‘s perceived expertise. Traditional knowledge is that part of nursing practice passed down from generation to generation and is not based upon scientific inquiry. Which of the following theories emphasizes the relationships betwee n the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave? General systems theory Nursing theory Adaptation theory Developmental theory Ans: A Feedback: lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 General systems theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then learn how the parts work together in ―systems.‖ Nursing theory attempts to describe, explain, predict, and control desired outcomes of nursing care practices. Adaptation theory defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions. Developmental theory outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable. A nurse researcher is studying perceptions of vocational rehabilitation fo r clients after a spinal cord injury. What type of research method will be used to study the perceptions of this group of individuals? Qualitative research Quantitative research Basic research Applied research Ans: A Feedback: The nurse rese archer will use qualitative research methods to investigate perceptions, and the researcher will analyze words instead of numbers, which are analyzed in quantitative research. Basic and applied research are quantitative research methods. A staff develop ment nurse is asking a group of new staff nurses to read and be prepared to discuss a qualitative study that focuses on nursing events of the past. This is done in an attempt to increase understanding of the nursing profession today. What method of qualit ative research is used in this article? Historical Phenomenology Grounded theory Ethnography Ans: A Feedback: This article uses historical methodology, which examines events of the past to increase understanding of the nursing profession tod ay. Phenomenology is used to describe experiences as they are lived by the subjects being studied. Grounded theory is the discovery of how people describe their own reality and how their beliefs are related to their actions in a social scene. Ethnography i s used to examine issues of a culture that are of interest to nursing. In understanding the historical influences on nursing knowledge, nursing as a profession struggled for years to establish its own identify and to receive recognition for its contribu tions to health care. Why? The conceptual and theoretical basis for nursing practice came from outside the profession. Nurses were too busy working in practice to increase the public awareness associated with the role of the nurse. Nurses spent most o f their time in laboratory settings conducting research. Women were independent and refused to work collectively. Ans: A Feedback: Despite Florence Nightingale‘s belief in the uniqueness of nursing, the training of nurses was initially carrie d out under the direction and control of the medical profession. Because the conceptual and theoretical basis for nursing practice lOMoARcPSD|675258 7 came from outside the profession, nursing struggled for years to establish its own id entify and to receive recognition for its significant contributions to health care. An obstetrical nurse wishes to identify whether clients‘ perceptions of a high level of support from their partner is associa ted with a decreased length of the second st age of labor. Which type of quantitative research is most appropriate for this research question? Correlational research Descriptive research Quasi -experimental research Experimental research Ans: A Feedback: Correlational quantitative research is used to examine relationships between two or more variables. In this case, the variables are perceptions of partner support and length of Stage 2 labor. There is no manipulation of the variables as there would be in an experimental or quasi -experimental study. The focus on the relationship between the two variables goes beyond simple description of events. Nurse researchers have predicted that a newly created mentorship program will result in decreased absenteeism, increased retention, and de creased attrition among a hospital‘s nursing staff. Which of the following does this predicted relationship represent? Hypothesis Dependent variable Abstract Methodology Ans: A Feedback: A hypothesis is an expected statement of the rela tionship between variables in a study. In this study, the dependent variables are absenteeism, retention, and attrition while the independent variable is the mentorship program. The methodology of a study is the logistical framework that guides the plannin g and execution of the study. An abstract is a summary of a research study published in a journal. The practice of changing patients‘ bedclothes each day in acute care settings is an example of what type of knowledge? Authoritative Traditional Scientific Applied Ans: B Feedback: Changing bedclothes daily in acute care settings is an example of traditional knowledge. The practice is not based on research findings, but is rather a part of nursing practice passed down from generation to gen eration.