(Test Bank) Pharmacology Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage Calculations

Watkins, 3

Pharmacology

Test Bank

3rd Edition

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Test Bank for Pharmacology Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage Calculations, The downloadable file consists of 530 pages, and the total size of the file is 26.86 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Watkins

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Cynthia J. Watkins Cynthia J. Watkins, RN, MSN, CPN Pediatric Intensive Care Staff Nurse Halifax Health Daytona Beach, Florida 6652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page iF. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2018 by F. A. Davis Company All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Senior Acquisitions Editor: Melissa A. Duffield Senior Developmental Editor, Health Professions: Dean W. DeChambeau Director of Content Development, Health Professions: George W. Lang Art and Design Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everythingpossible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time ofpublication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for con-sequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard tothe contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that mayapply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts)for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug.Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Watkins, Cynthia J., author.Title: Pharmacology clear & simple : a guide to drug classifications and dosage calculations / Cynthia J. Watkins. Other titles: Pharmacology clear and simpleDescription: Third edition. | Philadelphia, PA : F.A. Davis Company, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018006898 (print) | LCCN 2018007839 (ebook) | ISBN 9780803677319 (epub) | ISBN 9780803666528 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: | MESH: Pharmaceutical Preparations—administration & dosage | Drug Dosage Calculations | Drug Administration Routes | PharmaceuticalPreparations—classification | Medication Errors—prevention & control | Problems and Exercises Classification: LCC RM300 (ebook) | LCC RM300 (print) | NLM QV 18.2 | DDC 615/.1—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018006898 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of spe- cific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright ClearanceCenter (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directlyto CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granteda photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for usersof the Transactional Reporting Service is: 8036-6652-8/18 0 + $.25.6652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page iiI would like to dedicate this textbook to the love of my life, Jeffrey Watkins, who continues to be incredibly supportive of my venture into the realm of being an author.6652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page iiiiv Preface In my 32 years as a nurse, I have been involved with direct patient care as well as taught a variety of students in nursing, medical assisting, surgical technology, and respiratory therapy. I have also taughtthose who may not deliver direct patient care, such as students of psychology and clinical lab science.There is always one constant challenge: to provide students with enough pharmacology knowledgeso that they feel confident as they embark on their health profession careers but not so much thatthey are overwhelmed. For those students who will administer medication, pharmacology is critical;for others, it is a subject that will aid their understanding of the patient care relationship, althoughthey may not be directly involved with the patient. This edition of the book has been expanded in response to the requests of our reviewers. I’ve tried to build on the solid foundation of the second edition and to expand the coverage of drugs,keeping in mind always the suggestions we received from pharmacology faculty from around thenation. I hope you will be pleased with the results. My goal for the third edition of this book is to continue to bring the most current information to pharmacology topics as well as continue to provide elemental concepts that will enable students tounderstand how medications work and how they are administered. These concepts include the healthprofessionals’ role in the process. This edition is divided into four units: Unit 1: Introduction to Pharmacology discusses the fundamentals of pharmacology, including history, patient safety and regulations, and prescription labels. Each topic lays the foundation for the work ahead. Unit 2: Calculations begins with Chapter 6, Review of Mathematics, which begins with a basic review of fractions and decimals and progresses to more advanced mathematical calculations. This reviewprovides many testing opportunities for students to assess their knowledge through the Check Upexercises throughout the chapter. Chapter 7, Measurement Systems, addresses the various meas-urements systems and shows students how to convert among the metric, household, and apothecarysystems. Chapter 8, Dosage Calculations, ends this unit by showing students how to calculatedosages. In this chapter, students have many opportunities to practice dosage calculations using avariety of examples to increase their knowledge and confidence in administering medications. Unit 3: Administration of Medications includes Chapters 9 and 10, Enteral Medications and Admin- istration and Parenteral Medications and Administration, respectively, which provide step-by-stepinstructions through Procedure Boxes with supporting images. Unit 4: Classifications of Drugs addresses all major drug classifications by body system. Although individual drugs are mentioned, each chapter primarily focuses on key attributes of that particularbody system. This focus allows the student to understand how a particular set of drugs works andhow individual drugs within that set function the same way. FEATURES The following features are included to further facilitate students in their learning and to help thembetter retain pharmacological content. ■Check Up boxes have mathematical calculation exercises in Unit 2. Each Check Up appears following a math review section to test the student’s knowledge and understanding of basic mathconcepts. ■Fast Tip boxes provide brief bits of useful information on various topics within the chapters. ■A Closer Look boxes examine special topics in each chapter. ■Drug Spotlight boxes highlight one or two drugs in each chapter and provide detailed information.6652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page ivPreface v ■Critical Thinking exercises encourage students to think beyond the chapter and apply their new knowledge to real-life scenarios. ■Master the Essentials tables cover indications, side effects, precautions, contraindications, inter- actions, and examples for each drug classification. They are perfect for study and review because all the drug classifications in the chapters are covered. ■Chapter Review questions in multiple formats appear at the end of each chapter to test student comprehension. Internet Research activities encourage students to use the Internet to research and locate important information on specific drugs, drug safety, and how to educate and instruct pa-tients to use various medications. ANCILLARY CONTENT ■Accompanying the text are online resources to help support both students and instructors. For thestudent, the eBook is available online at www.DavisPlus.com. For medical assisting educators andnursing educators, separate resources include test banks, instructor guides, teaching guides, andPowerPoint presentations. Medical assisting resources also include documentation exercises and a com-petencies checklist. I hope this third edition of Pharmacology Clear & Simple meets all your teaching and learning needs. Cynthia J. Watkins, RN, MSN, CPN6652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page vvi Reviewers SECOND EDITION Michelle L. Blesi, BA, AA, CMA (AAMA) Program Director/Instructor Medical Assistant ProgramCentury CollegeCoon Rapids, Minnesota Candy Dailey, RN, MSN, CMA (AAMA) Director/MA Program DirectorNicolet Area Technical CollegeCrandon, Wisconsin Alexandra Dell’Amore, RN Nursing ProgramSanta Fe Community CollegeSanta Fe, New Mexico Gladys S. Gibbons, RN, BSN InstructorAllied Health/Nursing ProgramsSoutheastern Technical CollegeSwainsboro, Georgia Kris A. Hardy, CMA, RHE, CDF Medical Assistant Program ManagerBrevard Community CollegeInstitute of NursingCocoa, Florida Glenda H. Hatcher, CMA (AAMA), BSN, RN Medical Assisting Instructor/Program DirectorDepartment of Allied Health and Medical AssistingSouthwest Georgia Technical CollegeThomasville, Georgia Dianna Johnston, MSN, RN Nursing Outreach CoordinatorNursing DepartmentEastern Idaho Technical CollegeIdaho Falls, Idaho Geri Kale-Smith, MS, CMA Coordinator, Medical Office ProgramsAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Health CareersHarper CollegePalatine, IllinoisBrenda Frerichs Ramstad, CMA, BS, MS Regional Director of Regulatory OperationsCareer Education CorporationSioux Falls, South Dakota Jackie Shrock, RN, BSN, MEd Practical Nursing InstructorWayne Adult School of Practical NursingSmithville, Ohio Karen Snipe, CPhT, MEd Program Director, Pharmacy TechnicianDepartment Head, Diagnostic and Imaging ServicesTrident Technical CollegeCharleston, South Carolina Richard L. Witt, BS InstructorSpecial Health Initiatives DepartmentAllegany College of MarylandCumberland, Maryland THIRD EDITION Darlene Baker, MSN, RN Director of Nursing/HCP NursingGreen Country Technology CenterOkmulgee, Oklahoma Joanna Lee Commons, RN, MSN, DNP ProfessorNursingDanville Area Community CollegeDanville, Illinois Candace Crump, CMA (AAMA) Department ChairMedical AssistingAsheville-Buncombe Technical Community CollegeAsheville, North Carolina Laura R. Durbin, RN, MSN, CNE Assistant ProfessorNursingWest Kentucky Community and Technical CollegePaducah, Kentucky 6652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page viReviewers vii Kathi Gilmore, MA, AS, AHI Medical Assistant Instructor Allied HealthTennessee College of Applied TechnologyNashville, Tennessee Joseph M. Glass, BS, MS, RPh Staff Pharmacist with Potomac Valley Pharmacy Instructor, Co-coordinator of Pharmacy Technician Program at Allegany College of Maryland Cumberland, Maryland Cheri Goretti, MT (ASCP), CMA (AAMA) Professor and CoordinatorMedical Assisting and Allied HealthQuinebaug Valley Community CollegeDanielson, Connecticut Tanya Gwin, RN, MSN Nursing InstructorHealth ScienceCopper Mountain CollegeJoshua Tree, California Rachel M. Houston, BS, CMA (AAMA) Program DirectorMedical Assistant ProgramCabarrus College of Health SciencesConcord, North Carolina Dawn K. Kochara, RN, BSN, DHSc Department Chair/Director, Nursing ProgramsHealth SciencesOrange Technical CollegeOrlando, Florida Naomi D. Lee, MSN, RN InstructorApplied Technology ServicesSpecial School District of St. Louis CountySt. Louis, Missouri Mischelle Monagle, MSN, MBA, RN Dean of College of Nursing & Health ProfessionsCollege of Nursing & Health ProfessionsCarl Sandburg CollegeGalesburg, Illinois Lisa Ann Sailor, BS, CMA (AAMA) Program Director/Instructor/Medical AssistantAnoka Technical CollegeAnoka, Minnesota Stephanie Stanley, RN, BSN, LNC Program Head/InstructorNursing-CNA & LPN programsRidgeview High School/Technical ProgramsClintwood, Virginia Pamela Michelle Thurman, BSBA, BSN, RN Practical Nursing Program Coordinator/PharmacologyInstructor Practical Nursing Program Franklin Technology Center Joplin, Missouri Ronald Lee Vestal, BSN, RN PN InstructorNursing DepartmentMid-Del Technology CenterMidwest City, Oklahoma6652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page viiviii Acknowledgments I thank Andy McPhee for recruiting me and having faith in my ability to complete this project. Thank you to Dean DeChambeau for all the assistance required to bring this work to publication. I want toacknowledge all the staff of F. A. Davis as well as the editors who have also had input on this project.Thanks to all!6652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page viiiixUNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY 1 CHAPTER 1History of Pharmacology 3 CHAPTER 2Basics of Pharmacology 15 CHAPTER 3Patient Safety in Medication Administration 31 CHAPTER 4Regulations 51 CHAPTER 5Prescriptions and Labels 73 UNIT 2 CALCULATIONS 87 CHAPTER 6Review of Mathematics 89 CHAPTER 7Measurement Systems 117 CHAPTER 8Dosage Calculations 131 UNIT 3 ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS 155 CHAPTER 9Enteral Medications and Administration 157 CHAPTER 10Parenteral Medications and Administration 171 UNIT 4 CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS 213 CHAPTER 11Integumentary System Medications 215 CHAPTER 12Musculoskeletal System Medications 229 CHAPTER 13Nervous System Medications 243 CHAPTER 14Eye and Ear Medications 267 CHAPTER 15Endocrine System Medications 281 CHAPTER 16Cardiovascular System Medications 299 CHAPTER 17Immunological System Medications 323 CHAPTER 18Pulmonary System Medications 353 CHAPTER 19Gastrointestinal System Medications 367 Contents in Brief6652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page ixxContents in Brief CHAPTER 20Reproductive and Urinary System Medications 389 CHAPTER 21Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs, and Complementary and Alternative Medicine 409 GLOSSARY 425 APPENDIX ADrug Classifications 443 APPENDIX BDrug Classification Index by Generic Name 447 APPENDIX CControlled Substances Schedules 463 APPENDIX DRoutine Pediatric and Adult Immunizations 465 APPENDIX EAdministering Medications to Children 475 APPENDIX FPediatric Dosage Calculations 477 APPENDIX GExamples of Herbs, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, and Lipids Used as Remedies 479 APPENDIX HBasic Math Concepts 489 APPENDIX IAnswers to Check Ups 491 INDEX 5036652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page xxiUNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY 1 CHAPTER 1History of Pharmacology 3 History of Pharmacology 4 Sources of Drugs 6 Categorizing Medications 8 The Roles of the Licensed Practical Nurse, Licensed Vocational Nurse, and Medical Assistant in the Administration of Medications 10 CHAPTER 2Basics of Pharmacology 15 What is Pharmacology? 16 The Drug Cycle 16 Issues Affecting the Drug Cycle 19 The Importance of Side Effects 20 Drug Resources for Information 22 CHAPTER 3Patient Safety in Medication Administration 31 Patient Rights for Safety 32 The Right Route and Technique 34 Medication Names and Abbreviations 35 Factors Affecting Medication Administration 37 Protecting the Patient: Ethical and Safety Considerations 40 Protecting the Health-Care Worker 42 CHAPTER 4Regulations 51 History of Drug Regulations 52 The FDA and Drug Development 53 Drug Control 60 Substance Abuse 64 CHAPTER 5Prescriptions and Labels 73 Medication Orders 74 Parts of a Prescription 76 Drug Labels 79 UNIT 2 CALCULATIONS 87 CHAPTER 6Review of Mathematics 89 Working with Fractions 90 Decimals 98 Ratios and Proportions 104 Solving for an Unknown 108 Contents6652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page xixii Contents CHAPTER 7Measurement Systems 117 Measurement Systems 117 CHAPTER 8Dosage Calculations 131 Methods for Calculating Drug Dosages 132 Special Circumstances 140 Reconstituting Powders 143 Parenteral Calculations 143 Calculating Fluid Balance 148 UNIT 3 ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS 155 CHAPTER 9Enteral Medications and Administration 157 Enteral Medications 158 CHAPTER 10Parenteral Medications and Administration 171 Parenteral Medications 172 Topical Medications and Administration 172 Ophthalmic Medications and Administration 175 Otic Medications and Administration 176 Vaginal Medications and Administration 176 Nasal Route of Medication Administration 178 Inhaled Medications and Administration 180 Injectable Medications 183 UNIT 4 CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS 213 CHAPTER 11Integumentary System Medications 215 Integumentary System: Vulnerable Barrier 216 Skin Infections and Medications 216 Inflammatory Conditions and Medications 219 Skin Cancer and Medications 221 CHAPTER 12Musculoskeletal System Medications 229 The Musculoskeletal System 230 Medications Used to Treat Muscular Disorders 231 Medications Used to Treat Abnormal Calcium Levels 232 Medications for Bone and Joint Inflammation 233 Medications to Treat Phantom Limb Pain 235 CHAPTER 13Nervous System Medications 243 The Nervous System 244 The Autonomic Nervous System and Medications 245 Medications to Control Pain and Fever 246 Medications to Treat Anxiety, Insomnia, Sedation, and Seizures 248 Medications to Treat Behavioral, Emotional, and Mood Disorders 250 Medications to Treat Degenerative Disorders 2526652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page xiiContents xiii Local and General Anesthetic Medications 254 Alcohol 255 CHAPTER 14Eye and Ear Medications 267 The Eye 268 Eye Medications 268 The Ear 271 Ear Medications 272 Medications and Ototoxicity 273 CHAPTER 15Endocrine System Medications 281 The Endocrine System 282 Endocrine System Medications 286 Medications That Treat Adrenal Disorders 291 CHAPTER 16Cardiovascular System Medications 299 The Cardiovascular System 300 Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Clotting 302 Cardiovascular Medications 302 Medications for Lipid Disorders 311 CHAPTER 17Immunological System Medications 323 The Immune Response 324 Medications That Affect the Immune System 325 CHAPTER 18Pulmonary System Medications 353 The Pulmonary System 353 Pulmonary Medications 355 CHAPTER 19Gastrointestinal System Medications 367 Gastrointestinal System 368 Gastrointestinal Medications 369 CHAPTER 20Reproductive and Urinary System Medications 389 Hormones of the Reproductive System 390 Medications for Disorders Related to Female Hormones 390 Labor Medications 394 Infertility Medications 395 Medications for Other Female Reproductive Disorders 395 Medications for Male Reproductive Disorders 396 The Urinary System 396 CHAPTER 21Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs, and Complementary and Alternative Medicine 409 Vitamins 410 Minerals, Lipids, and Amino Acids 413 Herbal Medicines 416 Complementary and Alternative Medicine 4176652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page xiiixiv Contents GLOSSARY 425 APPENDIX ADrug Classifications 443 APPENDIX BDrug Classification Index by Generic Name 447 APPENDIX CControlled Substances Schedules 463 APPENDIX DRoutine Pediatric and Adult Immunizations 465 APPENDIX EAdministering Medications to Children 475 APPENDIX FPediatric Dosage Calculations 477 APPENDIX GExamples of Herbs, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, and Lipids Used as Remedies 479 APPENDIX HBasic Math Concepts 489 APPENDIX IAnswers to Check Ups 491 INDEX 5036652_FM_i-xiv 13/03/18 2:58 pm Page xiv