(Test Bank) Anatomy Physiology Made Incredibly Easy

Allen,Berger,Cameron,Cooper,Easter,Hickery,Howell, 3

Nursing

Test Bank

3rd Edition

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Description

Test Bank for Anatomy Physiology Made Incredibly Easy, The downloadable file consists of 572 pages, and the total size of the file is 11.6 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Allen, Berger, Cameron, Cooper, Easter, Hickery, Howell

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Study Note Preview

Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Anatomy Physiology Made Incredibly Easy, 3rd Edition by Springhouse complete test bank solution Contributors and consultants Katrina D. Allen RN, MSN, CCRN Nursing Faculty Faulkner State Community College, Bay Minette, Ala. Nancy Berger RN, BC, MSN Instructor Charles E. Gregory School of Nursing at Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, N.J. Regina Cameron RN, MSN, CNN Home Hemodialysis Coordinator Davita Dialysis, Philadelphia Yvette P. Conley PhD Assistant Professor University of Pittsburgh Kim Cooper RN, MSN Nursing Department Chair Ivy Tech Community College, Terre Haute, Ind. Anna Easter APRN, BC, MSN, PhD Advanced Practice Nurse Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock Rebecca Hickey RN, AHI, CHI Instructor Butler Technology & Career Development Schools, Fairfield Township, Ohio Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Ruth Howell MEd, BSN Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Director, Practical Nursing Program TriCounty Technology Center, Bartlesville, Okla. Pamela Moody CRNP, MSN, PhD Nurse Administrator —Area 3 Alabama Department of Public Health, Tuscaloosa E. Ann Myers MD, FACP, FACE Physician Golden Gate Endocrinology, San Francisco Sherry Parmenter RD, LD Clinical Dietitian Fairfield Medical Center, Lancaster, Ohio Charles W. Reick Jr. MS, RRT Clinical Specialist, Respiratory Care Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Towson, Md. Maria Elsa Rodriguez RN, MSN-CNS/Education, CMSRN Director of Education Kindred Hospital, San Diego Kendra S. Seiler RN, MSN Nursing Instructor Rio Hondo College, Whittier, Calif. Denise R. York RNC, CNS, MS, MEd Professor Columbus (Ohio) State Community College Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Not another boring foreword If you're like me, you're too busy to wade through a foreword that uses pretentious terms and umpteen dull paragraphs to get to the point. So let's cut right to the chase! Here's why this book is so terrific: It will teach you all the important things you need to know about anatomy and physiology. (And it will leave out all the fluff that wastes your time.) It will help you remember what you've learned. It will make you smile as it enhances your knowledge and skills. Don't believe me? Try these recurring logos on for size: Zoom in—provides a close look at anatomic structures Body shop —helps explain how body systems and structures work together Now I get it! —converts complex physiology into easy-to-digest explanations Senior moment —pinpoints the effects of aging on anatomy and physiology Memory jogger —reinforces learning through easy -to-remember anecdotes and mnemonics. See? I told you! And that's not all. Look for me and my friends in the margins throughout this book. We'll be there to explain key concepts, provide important care reminders, and offer reassurance. Oh, and if you don't mind, we'll be spicing up the pages with a bit of humor along the way, to teach and entertain in a way that no other resource can. Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material I hope you find this book helpful. Best of luck throughout your career! Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 1 The human body Just the facts In this chapter, you'll learn: anatomic terms for direction, reference planes, body cavities, and body regions to help describe the locations of various body structures the structure of cells cell reproduction and energy generation four basic tissue types and their characteristics. Anatomic terms Anatomic terms describe directions within the body as well as the body's reference planes, cavities, and regions. Directional terms When navigating the body, directional terms help you determine the exact location of a structure. Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Couples at odds Generally, directional terms can be grouped in pairs of opposites: Superior and inferior mean above and below, respectively. For example, the shoulder is superior to the elbow, and the hand is inferior to the wrist. Anterior means toward the front of the body, and posterior means toward the back. Ventral is sometimes used instead of anterior, and dorsal is sometimes used instead of posterior. Medial means toward the body's midline and lateral means away from it. Proximal and distal mean closest and farthest, respectively, to the point of origin (or to the trunk). Superficial and deep mean toward or at the body surface and farthest from it. Memory jogger Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Reference planes Reference planes are imaginary lines used to section the body and its organs. These lines run longitudinally, horizontally, and angularly. The four major body reference planes are: median sagittal frontal transverse oblique. (See Picturing body reference planes .) Body shop: Picturing body reference planes Body reference planes are used to indicate the locations of body structures. Shown here are the median sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. An oblique plane —a slanted plane that lies between a horizontal plane and a vertical plane —isn't shown. To remember the meanings of proximal and distal , keep in mind that when something is in proximity , it's nearby. When something is distant , it's far away. Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Body cavities Body cavities are spaces within the body that contain the internal organs. The dorsal and ventral cavities are the two major closed cavities —cavities without direct openings to the outside of the body. (See Locating body cavities .) Dorsal cavity The dorsal cavity is located in the posterior region of the body. The think tank and backbone of the operation The dorsal cavity is further subdivided into two cavities: The cranial cavity (also called the calvaria ) encases the brain. The vertebral cavity (also called the spinal cavity or vertebral canal ), formed by the vertebrae, encloses the spinal cord. Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Ventral cavity The ventral cavity occupies the anterior region of the trunk. This cavity is subdivided into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity . Treasure chest Surrounded by the ribs and chest muscles, the thoracic cavity refers to the space located superior to the abdominopelvic cavity. It's subdivided into the pleural cavities and the mediastinum: Each of the two pleural cavities contains a lung. Body shop: Locating body cavities The dorsal cavity, in the posterior region of the body, is divided into the cranial and vertebral cavities. The ventral cavity, in the anterior region, is divided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. These regions are shown in the illustration at right. Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material The mediastinum houses the heart, large vessels of the heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, and other blood vessels and nerves. The bread basket and below The abdominopelvic cavity has two regions, the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity: The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs. The pelvic cavity , which lies inferior to the abdominal cavity, contains the bladder, some of the reproductive organs, and the rectum. Other cavities The body also contains an oral cavity (the mouth), a nasal cavity (located in the nose), orbital cavities (which house the eyes), middle ear cavities (which contain the small bones of the middle ear), and the synovial cavities (enclosed within the capsules surrounding freely moveable joints). Body regions Body regions are used to designate body areas that have special nerves or vascular supplies or those that perform special functions. Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Body shop: Abdominal regions exposed Here's an anterior view of the abdominal regions. The guts of the matter The most widely used body region terms are those that designate the sections of the abdomen. (See Abdominal regions exposed .) The abdomen has nine regions: The umbilical region , the area around the umbilicus, includes sections of the small and large intestines, inferior vena cava, and abdominal aorta. The epigastric region , superior to the umbilical region, contains most of the pancreas and portions of the stomach, liver, inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta, and duodenum. The hypogastric region (or pubic area), inferior to the umbilical region, houses a portion of the sigmoid colon, the urinary bladder and ureters, the uterus and ovaries (in females), and portions of the small intestine. The right and left iliac regions (or inguinal regions) are situated on either side of the hypogastric region. They include portions of the small and large intestines. The right and left lumbar regions (or loin regions) are located on either side of the umbilical region. They include portions of the small and large intestines and portions of the kidneys. The right and left hypochondriac regions, which reside on either side of the epigastric region, contain the diaphragm, portions of the kidneys, the right side of the liver, the spleen, and part of the pancreas. Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material A look at the cell The cell makes up the body's structure and serves as the basic unit of living matter. Human cells vary widely, ranging from the simple squamous epithelial cell to the highly specialized neuron. Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material The greatest regeneration Generally, the simpler the cell, the greater its power to regenerate. The more specialized the cell, the weaker its regenerative power. Cells with greater regenerative power have shorter life spans than those with less regenerative power. Cell structure Cells are made up of three basic components: protoplasm plasma membrane nucleus. (See Inside the cell.) Protoplasm Protoplasm, a viscous, translucent, watery material, is the primary component of plant and animal cells. It contains a large percentage of water, inorganic ions (such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium), and naturally occurring organic compounds (such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates). Getting charged The inorganic ions within protoplasm are called electrolytes . They regulate acid-base balance and control the amount of intracellular Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Zoom in: Inside the cell This cross section shows the components and structures of a cell. As noted, each component plays a part in maintaining the health of the cell. water. When these ions lose electrons (minute particles with a negative charge), they acquire a positive electrical charge. When they gain electrons, they acquire a negative electrical charge. The most common electrolytes in the body are sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-) A pair of “plasms” Nucleoplasm is the protoplasm of the cell's nucleus. It plays a part in reproduction. Cytoplasm is the protoplasm of the cell body that surrounds the nucleus. It converts raw materials to energy. It's also the site of most synthesizing activities. In the cytoplasm you'll find cytosol, organelles, and inclusions.