(Test Bank) Openstax Microbiology Test Bank / Osx Microbiology

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Biology

Test Bank

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Test Bank for Openstax Microbiology Test Bank / Osx Microbiology, The downloadable file consists of 564 pages, and the total size of the file is 7.45 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

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OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank / OSX Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 01 to Chapter 26 OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 1 : An Invisible World Chapter 2 : How We See the Invisible World Chapter 3 : The Cell Chapter 4 : Prokaryotic Diversity Chapter 5 : The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Chapter 6 : Acellular Pathogens Chapter 7 : Microbial Biochemistry Chapter 8 : Microbial Metabolism Chapter 9 : Microbial Growth Chapter 10 : Biochemistry of the Genome Chapter 11 : Mechanisms of Microbial Genetics Chapter 12 : Modern Applications of Microbial Genetics Chapter 13 : Control of Microbial Growth Chapter 14 : Antimicrobial Drugs Chapter 15 : Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Chapter 16 : Disease and Epidemiology Chapter 17 : Innate Nonspecific Host Defenses Chapter 18 : Adaptive Specific Host Defenses Chapter 19 : Diseases of the Immune System Chapter 20 : Laboratory Analysis of the Immune Response Chapter 21 : Skin and Eye Infections Chapter 22 : Respiratory System Infections Chapter 23 : Urogenital System Infections Chapter 24 : Digestive System Infections Chapter 25 : Circulatory and Lymphatic System Infections Chapter 26 : Nervous System Infections Chapter 1: An Invisible World * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is true of the microbial world? A. All microbes are harmful. B. Humans could survive without microbes. C. Many microbes are helpful.* D. Most microbes are pathogenic. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23, 24 2. Which of the following is when humans first suspected the existence of microbes? A. during the Industrial Revolution B. in prehistoric times* C. in the last century D. within the last 500 years Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 3. Which individual first observed unicellular organisms, which he called “animalcules,” using a microscope he developed? A. Robert Koch B. Louis Pasteur C. Thucydides D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 6 4. To reduce the risk of open flame from Bunsen burners, microbiologists are increasingly using which of the following devices for easy, rapid benchtop sterilization of small pieces of equipment? A. autoclaves B. ethylene oxide C. incubators D. microincinerators* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 36 5. The Swedish botanist known for having developed an important biological classification system is which of the following people? A. Ernst Haeckel B. Carolus Linnaeus* C. Louis Pasteur D. Robert Whittaker Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 6. Which kingdom was the only one found in Empire Prokaryota? A. Animalia B. Fungi C. Monera* D. Protista Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 7. Which are the three currently accepted domains? A. Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya* B. Archaea, Prokaryota, and Eukaryota C. Bacteria, Fungi, and Protista D. Bacteria, Prokaryota, and Eukarya Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 8. Which two taxonomic units are typically used to identify an organism when using binomial nomenclature? A. domain and kingdom B. genus and family C. genus and species* D. phylum and class Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 9. Which of the following is not true about the process of fermentation? A. It can help preserve foods, preventing spoilage. B. It converts sugars to organic acids, alcohols, and/or gases such as carbon dioxide. C. It is carried out exclusively by unicellul ar eukaryotes such as yeast.* D. It is used to make foods such as cheese and bread. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 11, 23, 26 10. The Romans may have reduced their risk of waterborne infectious diseases by using which of the following? A. a variety of pharmaceutical products B. aqueducts and a sewer system* C. prophylactic antibiotics D. quarantine of people with leprosy Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 11. For which of the following is Thucydides known? A. developing an effective sewer system in ancient Greece, helping to reduce levels of disease in cities B. observing microbes, using a microscope, for the first time, even distinguishing between bacteria and fungi C. proposing that disease was caused by microorg anisms D. realizing that people who had been infected by the Athenian plague had immunity to reinfection* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23, 31 12. Ernst Haeckel proposed a classification system consisting of which of the following subgroups? A. five kingdoms B. four kingdoms* C. two domains and three kingdoms D. two domains and five kingdoms Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 13. Viruses not included in phylogenetic trees for which of the following reasons? A. It is too difficult to observe their characteristics. B. They are acellular and nonliving.* C. They do not have any genes, which prevents genetic analysis. D. They lack a nucleus. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 5 14. Which is the best description of the primary purpose of a phylogeny? A. Phylogenies show all the alterative names for each species. B. Phylogenies show all the common names for each species. C. Phylogenies show evolu tionary relatedness between organisms.* D. Phylogenies show interactions between species in a shared habitat. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 5 15. Current phylogenetic analyses include which of the following? A. information from a range of sources, including morphological, genetic, and biochemical data* B. information on visible similarities only C. information regarding how to classify organisms on the basis of external morphological characteristics and visible behav iors D. varied morphological and structural characteristics, with preference for leaving historical classifications to prevent confusion Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 5 16. Diatoms are classified within which of the following domains? A. Archaea B. Bacte ria C. Eukarya* D. Prokaryota Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 17. Horizontal gene transfer involves which of the following? A. any transfer of genes in a laboratory setting B. the transfer of genes from a virus to a bacterium or vice versa but not any other form of gene transfer C. the transfer of genes from one individual to another, including from one species to another, but not from parent to offspring* D. the transfer of genes from parent to offspring Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 2, 4 18. Bacteria are generally identified to species by using which of the following? A. a combination of genetic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches* B. a combination of microscopic and physiological approaches, but not genetics C. primarily characteristics such as motility that can be visualized using microscopy D. primarily morphological characteristics of individual cells Difficulty: Moderate ASM Stan dard: 34, 36 19. For taxonomic classification of microbes, serological tests typically are used to do which of the following? A. determine complete genome sequences for microbes B. identify proteins on the basis of their reaction with specific antibodies* C. run analyses to identify whether particular genes are present D. visualize microbial external morphology Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 34, 36 20. Which of the following is true of bacterial strains? A. They are closely related subtypes within a bacteri al species that may or may not have similar properties.* B. They are informal bacterial groupings used for medical distinctions but not recognized for classification purposes. C. They are more distantly related to each other than are members of a single bacter ial species. D. They are very similar bacteria with almost identical properties. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 5 21. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is used primarily as which of the following? A. a guide to bacterial shapes B. a historical ac count of changes in classification techniques C. a list and characterization of all known medically relevant microbes D. a reference for bacterial classification* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 34 22. Which of the following indicates how bacteria and viruses typically compare in size? A. Bacteria are indistinguishable from viruses. B. Bacteria are much larger than viruses.* C. Bacteria are much smaller than viruses. D. Bacteria are similar in size to viruses. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 23. Viruses are classified as which of the following? A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. distinct from the three -domain system* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 4 24. Which of the following is not a curved bacterial shape? A. bacillus* B. spirillum C. spirochete D. vibrio Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 34 25. Based just on the name, which of the following groups of bacteria contains entirely species that consume organic compounds for food? A. cyanobacteria B. green nonsulfur bacteria C. green sulfur bacteria D. nonphotosynthetic bacteria* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 11, 13, 20 26. Chitin cell walls are characteristic of which taxonomic group? A. algae B. archaea C. bacteria D. fungi* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 20 27. Yeasts are which of the following? A. a type of algae B. a type of protist C. any unicellular microbe D. unicellular fungi* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 20 28. The cell walls of archaeans often contain which of the following substances? A. cellulose B. chitin C. peptidoglycan D. pseudopeptidoglycan* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 20 29. Which of the following is not true of archaeans? A. Some species live on the human body. B. They are genetically distinct from bacteria. C. They are only found in extreme en vironments.* D. They have substantial metabolic differences from bacteria. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 20 30. Which of the following is not true of algae? A. All the algae are classified together in one similar group closely related to green plants. * B. Ingredients made from algae, including carrageenan, are used in food products. C. They are being used to develop biofuels. D. They are sometimes multicellular. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 20, 23, 26 31. Oral thrush is caused by which type of organism? A. algae B. bacteria C. fungi* D. protists Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 32. Mycotoxins are produced by which type of organism? A. archaeans B. heterotrophic protists C. molds* D. protozoans Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 33. Which of the following is not a common use of fungi? A. the production of alcoholic beverages B. the production of carrageenan* C. the production of cyclosporine D. the production of penicillin Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 20, 23, 26 34. The guinea worm is best described as which of the following? A. a helminthic parasite transmitted by consuming contaminated water* B. a type of mold that grows into a worm -like shape and produces antimicrobial chemicals C. a type of protist found in water that has not been properly treated D. a type of protozoan that is unusual because it is multicellular Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 35. Which of the following is true of the genetics of viruses? A. Viruses alway s contain DNA and force host cells to produce RNA. B. Viruses always contain DNA and RNA. C. Viruses always contain RNA and force host cells to produce DNA. D. Viruses can contain either DNA or RNA, but not both.* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A True/False 36. All organisms studied in the field of microbiology are visible only with a microscope. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 37. Older scientific names are typically derived from Latin. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 38. Animal cells are generally about the same size as bacterial cells. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 39. Researchers studying a 5300 -year-old mummy discovered in the 1990s think he may have been trying to use a fungus to treat his illnesses. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23, 26 40. Analyses of rRNA genes suggest that Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya evolved from a common ancestor. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 5 41. The average size of a typical virus is approximately 100 nm. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 42. When a scientific name is used repeatedly, both the genus and species must always be written out in full to avoid confusion. Answer: F alse Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 43. Taenia saginata is a type of fungus that causes disease. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 Matching 44. Match each type of microbiological tool with the best definition. A. loop i. tool used to transfer microbes from one location to another B. media ii. liquid, solid, or gel that contains nutrients to aid microbial growth C. microincinerator iii. tool used to sterilize equipment D. Petri plate iv. container used to grow microbial cultures Answers: A. i., B. ii., C. iii., D. iv. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 36 45. Match the bacterial shape with the illustration. ( credit micrograph “i”: modification of work by Janice Haney Carr, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; credit micrograph “iii”: modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Answers: A. v., B. i., C. iv., D. iii., E. ii. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 34 46. Match each type of microbe with the best description. A. algae i. a very broad, informal grouping of organisms that do not fit into other eukaryotic kingdoms and that may be photosynthetic or nonphotosynthetic B. fungi ii. a diverse, informal subgroup of organisms that may move using cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia C. protists iii. a group of photosynthetic organisms with cellulose cell walls D. protozoa iv. a group of nonphotosynthetic organisms that usually have cell walls containing chitin Answers: A. iii., B. iv., C. i., D. ii. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 2 47. Match each subfield of microbiology with the most appropriate example. A. bacteriology i. the study of how antibodies are released in response to a pathogen B. immunology ii. the study of how fungi cause disease in plants C. mycology iii. the study of the classification of bacilli D. parasitology iv. the study of how to reduce the rate of guinea worm infections E. protozoology v. the study of heterotrophic protists Answers: A. iii., B. i., C. ii., D. iv., E. v. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 48 . Match each taxonomic group with its domain. You will use some options more than once. A. algae i. Archaea B. halophiles ii. Bacteria C. helminths iii. Eukarya D. spirochetes Answers: A. iii., B. i., C. iii., D. ii. Difficulty: Mod erate ASM Standard: 2 49. Match each causative agent with the associated classification. A. Dracunculus medinensis i. protist B. Ebola ii. fungus C. Giardia lamblia iii. helminth D. yeast iv. virus Answers: A. iii., B. iv., C. i., D. ii. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 23 Fill in the Blank 50. ________ was a Greek physician who posited that natural causes, not supernatural forces, caused disease. Answer: Hippocrates Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 51. ________ is the science of identifying, naming, and classifying living organisms. Answer: Taxonomy Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 52. Fermentation by yeast produces ethanol and ________ gas. Answer: carbon dioxide Difficulty: Moderate ASM Stand ard: 11, 26 53. Carl Woese and George Fox sequenced and analyzed ________ from a wide range of organisms to build their phylogenetic tree. Answer: rRNA (or ribosomal RNA) Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 4, 5 54. The archaebacteria are now called ________. Answer: Archaea Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 55. The genus of Halobacterium salinarum is ________. Answer: Halobacterium Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 56. ________ is the standard reference book that provides guidance on identifying and classifying prokaryotes. Answer: Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 34 57. There are ________ nanometers in 520 meters. Answer: 520,000,000,000 Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 29 58. The thermophilic genus Thermoproteus includes extremophiles classified in the domain ________. Answer: Archaea Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 5 59. The cytoplasmic extensions used by some protists to move are called ________. Answer: pseudopods Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A Short Answer 60. What is horizontal gene transfer? Sample Answer: Horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genetic material between two organisms that are not related as parent and offspring. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 2 61. How are newly discovered organisms named? Sample Answer: Newly discover ed organisms are usually given names that describe their characteristics and/or that honor a particular individual. The names are generally Latin, Greek, or English. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 5 62. How do protozoa move? Sample Answer: Protozoa can move using structures such as pseudopods, flagella, and cilia. They may also be carried by the water in which they live. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A