(Test Bank) Anatomy & Physiology

Marieb,Hoehn, 4

Medicine

Test Bank

4th Edition

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Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology, The downloadable file consists of 492 pages, and the total size of the file is 6.42 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Marieb, Hoehn

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T est Bank Anatomy & Physiology Fourth Edition Elaine N. Marieb Katja Hoehn This T est Bank is adapted from the Human Anatomy &Physiology , Eighth Edition T est Bank by Jerri K. Lindsey.Editor-in-Chief: Serina Beauparlant Project Editor: Katy German Managing Editor: Deborah Cogan Production Manager: Michele Mangelli Production Supervisor: Leslie Austin Composition: T amarack Software Proofreader: Martha Ghent Cover Design: Riezebos Holzbaur Design Group Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger Marketing Manager: Derek Perrigo Cover Credit: Electronic Publishing Services, Inc. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication isprotected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction,storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or likewise. T o obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request toPearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 1900 E. Lake Ave., Glenview, IL 60025. For information regardingpermissions, call (847) 486-2635. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, thedesignations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. ISBN 10: 0-321-66100-1; ISBN 13: 978-0-321-66100-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10–SCI–13 12 11 10 Preface iv Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 1 Chapter 2 Chemistry Comes Alive 19 Chapter 3 Cells: The Living Units 40 Chapter 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric 59 Chapter 5 The Integumentary System 76 Chapter 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissue 95 Chapter 7 The Skeleton 111 Chapter 8 Joints 128 Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue 144 Chapter 10 The Muscular System 165 Chapter 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue 183 Chapter 12 The Central Nervous System 200 Chapter 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity 224 Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System 250 Chapter 15 The Endocrine System 265 Chapter 16 Blood 285 Chapter 17 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart 303 Chapter 18 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels 321 Chapter 19 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues 341 Chapter 20 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses 354 Chapter 21 The Respiratory System 373 Chapter 22 The Digestive System 393 Chapter 23 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation 417 Chapter 24 The Urinary System 436 Chapter 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance 454 Chapter 26 The Reproductive System 470 iiiContentsThis T est Bank was developed to accompany Anatomy &Physiology , Fourth Edition, by Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn. Each chapter contains a variety of questions,including: • Matching Questions • T rue/False Questions• Multiple-Choice Questions• Fill-in-the-Blank/Short Answer Questions• Clinical Questions Since it is often difficult to measure student understanding of conceptual ideas, especially in physiology, emphasis is placed on the proper design of multiple-choicequestions. Because multiple-choice questions test comprehension as well as recall, alarge number of these questions are provided. Additionally, objective questions lendthemselves well to machine scoring, which is often necessary with large classes. For each question in this T est Bank, the following information is provided: Answer: Correct answer. The essay questions include short answers that may be expanded upon by the instructor or student. Diff: Level of difficulty. Noted as 1 (relatively easy; requires a thorough knowledge of vocabulary), 2 (harder; requires greater in-depth under-standing of vocabulary and basic concepts), and 3 (hard; requires athorough understanding of vocabulary and concepts as well as analysisof this information). Page Ref: Reference to the page(s) where the vocabulary or concept can be found, and may include relevant figure and table numbers. This T est Bank is intended as a complete question source to accompany the text, but it can also be used to supplement any existing questions an instructor may alreadybe using. The T est Bank is formatted so that an instructor can cut and paste questionsfor preparation of an exam. An interactive Macintosh and Windows CD-ROM versionof this T est Bank is available, which will allow you to easily alter the questions providedor add new questions to fit your class. Visit the Pearson Higher Education catalog pageto download the electronic version of this printed T est Bank and other available instruc-tor supplements at www.pearsonhighered.com. Since testing is an integral part of any course, and science courses in particular are an ideal arena to explore logical thought processes, we hope this T est Bank will serve asa nucleus for developing critical thinking in students and will enhance the learningexperience for both students and instructors. We are always looking for new questions to add to this T est Bank, so please feel free to suggest questions you would like to see added to the next edition. Jerri K. Lindsey Anatomy and PhysiologyBenjamin Cummings Science1301 Sansome StreetSan Francisco, CA 94111 iv Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.PrefaceChapter 1 The Human Body: An Introduction Matching  Questions Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, match the following  cavities: 1) Thoracic  cavity. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 15-16; Fig. 1.9 2) Cranial  cavity. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 15-16; Fig. 1.9 3) Abdominal  cavity. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 15-16; Fig. 1.9 Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education,  Inc. 12     Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology 4) Vertebral  cavity. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 15-16; Fig. 1.9 Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, match the following  regions: 5) Umbilical  region. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12 6) Right hypochondriac. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12 7) Hypogastric  (pubic) region. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12 8) Epigastric  region. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12 Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education,  Inc.CHAPTER  1     The Human Body: An Orientation      3 9) Right iliac (inguinal)  region. Answer: E Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12 Match the following  systems to their functions: 10) Directly  causes mechanical motion. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3c 11) Responds  to environmental changes by transmitting electrical  impulses. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3d 12) Provides  support and levers for muscles to work on. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3b 13) Protects  underlying  organs from mechanical  damage and synthesizes  vitamin D. Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3aA) Muscular B) Skeletal C) Integumentary D) Nervous Answers: 10) A 11) D 12) B 13) C Match the following  systems to their functions: 14) Controls  the body with chemical  molecules  called hormones. Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3e 15) Delivers  oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3f 16) Produces  antibodies  that neutralize  foreign substances. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3g 17) Removes  and filters excess fluid from tissues. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3gA) Immune B) Endocrine C) Cardiovascular D) Lymphatic Answers: 14) B 15) C 16) A 17) D Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education,  Inc.4     Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology Match the following  examples of feedback mechanisms: 18) Blood  glucose levels Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 9-10 19) Blood  pressure Diff: 3 Page  Ref: 9-10 20) Blood  clotting Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 9-10 21) Delivering  a baby Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 9-10A) Negative  feedback B) Positive  feedback Answers: 18) A 19) A 20) B 21) B Match the following  systems and organs: 22) Arteries,  veins, heart. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3f 23) Trachea,  bronchi, alveoli. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3h 24) Adrenal  glands, pancreas, pituitary. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3e 25) Esophagus,  large intestine, rectum. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3i 26) Kidneys,  bladder, ureters. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3jA) Digestive B) Cardiovascular C) Urinary D) Respiratory E) Endocrine Answers: 22) B 23) D 24) E 25) A 26) C Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education,  Inc.CHAPTER  1     The Human Body: An Orientation      5 Match the following  cavities and organs: 27) Stomach. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9 28) Heart. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9 29) Uterus. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9 30) Brain. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9 31) Lungs. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9A) Cranial B) Abdominopelvic C) Thoracic Answers: 27) B 28) C 29) B 30) A 31) C Match the following  regional terms and common terms: 32) Arm. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7 33) Buttock. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7 34) Head. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7 35) Knee  (anterior  aspect). Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7 36) Chest. Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7A) Brachial B) Gluteal C) Cephalic D) Patellar E) Thoracic Answers: 32) A 33) B 34) C 35) D 36) E Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education,  Inc.6     Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology Match the regional/directional  terms and examples: 37) The bridge of the nose is ________  to the left eye. Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1 38) The upper arm is ________  to the forearm. Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1 39) The heart is ________  to the stomach. Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1 40) The fingers are ________  to the wrist. Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1 41) The stomach is ________  to the spine. Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1A) Medial B) Distal C) Proximal D) Anterior E) Superior Answers: 37) A 38) C 39) E 40) B 41) D True/False  Questions 1) Positive  feedback  mechanisms  tend to increase the original stimulus. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 9-10 2) The anatomical  position means the body is standing  at attention  with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing  away from the body. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7 3) The elbow is proximal  to the shoulder. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1 4) The serous membrane  that lines the peritoneal  cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 16-17 5) A major function of serous membranes  is to decrease  friction. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 16-17 6) The right hypochondriac  region contains the majority of the stomach. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12 Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education,  Inc.CHAPTER  1     The Human Body: An Orientation      7 7) Lungs  carry out an excretory  function. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 7 8) Embryology  concerns  the structural  changes that occur in an individual  from conception through old age. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 2 9) A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common  function. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 4 10) It is important  for any organism  to maintain  its boundaries,  so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment  surrounding  it. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 4 11) Without  some sort of negative  feedback  mechanism,  it would be impossible  to keep our body chemistry  in balance. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 9 12) Regardless  of the variable being regulated,  all homeostatic  control mechanisms  have at least three interdependent  components. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 9; Fig. 1.4 13) The epigastric  region is located superior to the umbilical  region. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12 Multiple -Choice Questions 1) Histology  would be best defined as a study of ________. A) cells B) tissues C) cell chemistry D) the gross structures  of the body Answer: B Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 2 2) The study of the heart may incorporate  many aspects of anatomy  but as a whole you would say it is __________  anatomy. A) microscopic B) gross C) developmental D) systemic Answer: B Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 2 Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education,  Inc.8     Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology 3) An increased  rate of breathing  as a result of an increased  buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream  would be best described  as an example of ________. A) maintaining  boundaries B) excretion  of metabolic  waste C) responsiveness D) metabolism Answer: B Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 5 4) Average  body temperature  is ________  degrees centigrade. A) 98 B) 68 C) 47 D) 37 Answer: D Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 8 5) If you consider  your home air conditioner  in terms of homeostasis,  then the wall thermostat would be the ________. A) control  center B) receptor C) effector D) variable Answer: A Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 8-9 6) What is the main, general purpose of negative  feedback? A) to control all body system tissues B) to maintain  homeostasis C) to keep the bodyʹs sugar high D) to regulate excretion Answer: B Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 8-9 7) What is the specific name for the hip region? A) manus B) inguinal C) pedal D) coxal Answer: D Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7 8) An oblique cut is one that is cut ________. A) horizontal  right and left B) diagonally  between the vertical and horizontal C) vertical  right and left D) perpendicular  to vertical and horizontal Answer: B Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 13 Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education,  Inc.CHAPTER  1     The Human Body: An Orientation      9 9) The heart lies in the ________  cavity. A) superior  mediastinal B) pleural C) dorsal D) pericardial Answer: D Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9 10) The cavities housing the eyes are called __________  cavities. A) frontal B) cranial C) nasal D) orbital Answer: D Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 17 11) A structure  that is composed  of two or more tissues would be a(n) ________. A) complex  tissue B) organ  system C) organ D) complex  cell Answer: C Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 4 12) ________  cavities are spaces within joints. A) Nasal B) Synovial C) Orbital D) Oral Answer: B Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 17-18 13) Which  of the following  would notbe a functional  characteristic  of life? A) movement B) responsiveness  to external stimuli C) maintenance  of boundaries D) decay Answer: D Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 4-6 14) Which  term means toward or at the back of the body, behind? A) anterior B) lateral C) distal D) dorsal Answer: D Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1 Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education,  Inc.10     Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology 15) The single most abundant  chemical  substance  of the body, accounting  for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________. A) oxygen B) protein C) water D) hydrogen Answer: C Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 8 16) What  is the posterior  side of the patella called? A) sural B) crural C) antecubital D) popliteal Answer: D Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7 17) Which  of the following  statements  is true concerning  feedback  mechanisms? A) Positive  feedback  mechanisms  always result in excessive  damage to the host. B) Negative  feedback  mechanisms  tend to increase the original stimulus. C) Negative  feedback  mechanisms  work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. D) Blood  glucose levels are regulated  by positive feedback  mechanisms. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 9-11 18) The anatomical  position is characterized  by all of the following  except ________. A)body erect B) arms at sides C) palms  turned posteriorly D) thumbs  pointed laterally Answer: C Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 11; Fig. 1.7 19) A good example of a positive feedback  mechanism  would be ________. A)body temperature  regulation B) regulating  glucose levels in the blood C) enhancement  of labor contractions D)blood calcium level regulation Answer: C Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 9-10 20) Which  of the following  describes  a parasagittal  plane? A) a transverse  cut just above the knees B) two cuts dividing  the body into left and right halves C) any sagittal plane except the median D) any cut dividing  the body into anterior and posterior Answer: C Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 13 Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education,  Inc.CHAPTER  1     The Human Body: An Orientation      11 21) Which  of the following  organs or structures  would be found in the left iliac region? A) appendix B) stomach C) liver D) intestines Answer: D Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12 22) The parietal pleura would represent  a serous membrane  ________. A) covering  individual  lungs B) lining  the thoracic cavity C) covering  the heart D) lining  the abdominal  cavity Answer: B Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 16 23) Which  one of the following  systems responds  to environmental  stimuli? A) muscular B) lymphatic C) immune D) nervous Answer: D Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3 24) Choose  the anatomical  topic and definition  that is notcorrectly  matched. A) Gross  anatomy:   study of structures  visible to the eye. B) Microscopic  anatomy:   study of structures  too small to be seen by the naked eye. C) Cytology:   study of the structures  in a particular  region. D) Embryology:   study of the changes in an individual  from conception  to birth. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 2 25) Homeostasis  is the condition  in which the body maintains  ________. A) the lowest possible energy usage B) a relatively  stable internal environment,  within limits C) a static state with no deviation  from preset points D) a dynamic  state within an unlimited  range Answer: B Diff: 2 Page  Ref: 8-9 26) In which cavities are the lungs located? A) pleural,  ventral, and thoracic B) mediastinum,  thoracic,  and ventral C) pleural,  dorsal, and abdominal D) pericardial,  ventral, and thoracic Answer: A Diff: 1 Page  Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9 Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education,  Inc.