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Chapter1 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Florence Nightingale’s contributions to nursing practice and education: a.are historically important but have no validity for nursing today. b.were neither recognized nor appreciated in her own time. c.were a major factor in reducing the death rate in the Crimean War. d.were limited only to the care of severe traumatic wounds. ANS: C By improving sanitation, nutrition ventilation, and handwashing techniques, Florence Nightingale’s nurses dramatically reduced the death rate from injuries in the Crimean War. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 2. Early nursing education and care in the United States: a.were directed at community health. b.provided independence for women through education and employment. c.were an educational model based in institutions of higher learning.d.have continued to be entirely focused on hospital nursing. ANS: B Because of the influence of early nursing leaders, nursing education became more formalized through apprenticeships in Nightingale schools that offered independence to women through education and employment. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2 OBJ: Theory #4 TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 3. In order to fulfill the common goals defined by nursing theorists (promote wellness, prevent illness, facilitate coping, and restore health), the LPN must take on the roles of: a.caregiver, educator, and collaborator. b.nursing assistant, delegator, and environmental specialist. c.medication dispenser, collaborator, and transporter. d.dietitian, manager, and housekeeper. ANS: A In order for the LPN to apply the common goals of nursing, he or she must assume the roles of caregiver, educator, collaborator, manager, and advocate. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 4 OBJ: Theory #2 TOP: Art and Science of Nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A4. Although nursing theories differ in their attempts to define nursing, all of them base their beliefs on common concepts concerning: a.self-actualization, fundamental needs, and belonging. b.stress reduction, self-care, and a systems model. c.curative care, restorative care, and terminal care. d.human relationships, the environment, and health. ANS: D Although nursing theories differ, they all base their beliefs on human relationships, the environment, and health. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 4 OBJ: Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Theories KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 5. Standards of care for the nursing practice of the LPN are established by the: a.Boards of Nursing Examiners in each state. b.National Council of States Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). c.American Nurses Association (ANA). d.National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses.ANS: D The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses modified the standards published by the ANA in 2004 to better fit the role of the LPN. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 5 OBJ: Theory #2 TOP: Standards of Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 6. The LPN demonstrates an evidence-based practice by: a.using a drug manual to check compatibility of drugs. b.using scientific information to guide decision making. c.using medical history of a patient to direct nursing interventions. d.basing nursing care on advice from an experienced nurse. ANS: B The use of scientific information from high-quality research to guide nursing decisions is reflective of the application of evidence-based practice. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 5 OBJ: Theory #3 TOP: Evidence Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 7. Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster established the Henry Street Settlement Service in New York in 1893 in order to: a.offer a shelter to injured war veterans.b.found a nursing apprenticeship. c.provide health care to poor persons living in tenements. d.offer better housing to low-income families. ANS: C Henry Street Settlement Service brought the provision of community health care to the poor people living in tenements. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 2 OBJ: Theory #4 TOP: Growth of Nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 8. An educational pathway for an LPN refers to an LPN: a.learning on the job and being promoted to a higher level of responsibility. b.moving from a maternity unit to a more complicated surgical unit. c.obtaining additional education to move from one level of nursing to another. d.learning that advancement requires consistent work and commitment. ANS: C By broadening the educational base, an LPN may advance and build a nursing career. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6 OBJ: Theory #7TOP: Nursing Education Pathways KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 9. When diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) were established by Medicare in 1983, the purpose was to: a.put patients with the same diagnosis on the same unit. b.attempt to contain the costs of health care. c.increase availability of medical care to the elderly. d.identify a patient’s condition more quickly. ANS: B The purpose of instituting DRGs was to contain skyrocketing costs of health care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 8 OBJ: Theory #10 TOP: Health Care Delivery KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 10. The advent of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) required that nurses working in health care agencies: a.record supportive documentation to confirm a patient’s need for care in order to qualify for reimbursement. b.use the DRG rather than their own observations for patient assessment. c.be aware of the specific drugs related to the diagnosis.d.acquire cross-training to make staffing more flexible. ANS: A DRGs required that nurses provide more supportive documentation of their assessments and identified patient needs to qualify the facility for Medicare reimbursement. Observant assessment might also indicate another DRG classification and consequently more reimbursement for the facility. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 8 OBJ: Theory #10 TOP: Managed Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 11. If a member of a health maintenance organization (HMO) is having respiratory problems such as fever, cough, and fatigue for several days and wants to see a specialist, the person is required to go: a.directly to an emergency room for treatment. b.to any general practitioner of choice. c.directly to a respiratory specialist. d.to a primary care physician for a referral. ANS: D Participants in an HMO must see their primary physician to receive a referral for a specialist in order for the HMO to pay for the care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 9 OBJ: Theory #11TOP: Managed Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 12. An advantage of preferred provider organizations (PPOs) is that: a.they make insurance coverage of employees less expensive to employers. b.there are fewer physicians to choose from than in an HMO. c.long-term relationships with physicians are more likely. d.patients may go directly to a specialist for care. ANS: A The use of PPOs allows insurance companies to keep their premiums low and in turn makes insurance coverage less expensive for the employers. There are usually more physicians from which to choose than from a HMO, but long-term relationships between physician and patient cannot be established easily. Patients still must see their primary physician before being referred to other specialties. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6 OBJ: Theory #11 TOP: Preferred Provider Organizations KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 13. After passing the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX- PN), the nurse is qualified to take an additional certification in the field of: a.pharmacology. b.care of infants and children.c.operating room technology. d.community health. ANS: A After becoming an LPN, the nurse may apply for additional certification in pharmacology or long-term care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6 OBJ: Theory #6 TOP: Educational Opportunities KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 14. Nursing interventions are best defined as activities that: a.are taken to improve the patient’s health. b.involve researching methods to maintain asepsis. c.include the family in nursing care. d.review guidelines for handling infectious wastes. ANS: A Interventions are actions taken to improve, maintain, or restore health. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 4 OBJ: Theory #2 TOP: Art and Science of Nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease15. Nurse Practice Acts define the legal scope of an LPN’s practice, which are written and enforced by: a.the American Nurses Association. b.the National Council Licensure Examiners. c.each state. d.each health care agency. ANS: C Each state writes and enforces the Nurse Practice Act, which defines the legal scope of nursing practice. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 5 OBJ: Theory #3 TOP: Nurse Practice Act KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 16. Women volunteers were organized to give nursing care to the wounded soldiers during the Civil War by: a.Florence Nightingale. b.Dorothea Dix. c.Clara Barton. d.Lillian Wald.ANS: B The Union government appointed Dorothea Dix, a social worker, to organize women volunteers to provide nursing care for the soldiers during the Civil War. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2 OBJ: Theory #4 TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 17. The nursing theory presented by Sister Calista Roy is based on: a.reduction of stress. b.achievement of maximum level of wellness. c.relief of self-care deficit. d.adaptation modes. ANS: D Adaptation modes (physiologic, psychological, sociologic, and independence) are the basis of the nursing theory of Sister Calista Roy. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 4, Table 1-1 OBJ: Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Theories KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 18. The founding of the Red Cross is attributed to:a.Lillian Wald. b.Dorothea Dix. c.Florence Nightingale. d.Clara Barton. ANS: D Clara Barton founded the Red Cross. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2 OBJ: Theory #4 TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 19. The nursing theorist whose practice framework is based on 14 fundamental needs is: a.Dorothy Johnson. b.Jean Watson. c.Virginia Henderson. d.Martha Rogers. ANS: C Virginia Henderson’s nursing theory framework is based on 14 fundamental needs.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 4, Table 1-1 OBJ: Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Theorists KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 20. The nursing theory that uses seven behavioral subsystems in an adaptation model is: a.Betty Neumann. b.Sister Calista Roy. c.Dorothy Johnson. d.Patricia Benner. ANS: C Dorothy Johnson’s practice framework is based on seven behavioral subsystems in an adaptation model. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 4, Table 1-1 OBJ: Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Theorists KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 21. The Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice are designed to direct LPNs to: a.advance their nursing career. b.seek a scientific basis for their interventions. c.deliver safe, knowledgeable care.d.a leadership role. ANS: C The Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice are designed to guide the LPN to deliver safe, knowledgeable care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 5 OBJ: Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Standards KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: Safe Effective Care Environment 22. A state’s Nurse Practice Act is designed to protect the: a.physician. b.nurse. c.public. d.hospital. ANS: C Nurse Practice Acts are designed to protect the public. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6 OBJ: Theory #5 TOP: Nurse Practice Act KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A23. It is appropriate for practical nurses to provide direct patient care to persons in a hospital under the supervision of a: a.physician’s assistant. b.registered nurse on the unit. c.supervising nurse who is responsible for care on several units. d.more experienced LPN on the unit. ANS: B Practical nurses provide direct patient care under the direct supervision of a registered nurse, physician, or dentist. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6 OBJ: Theory #9 TOP: Scope of Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 24. An example of tertiary health care is _____ care. a.hospice b.restorative c.emergency d.home health