(Test Bank) Exploring Biology In The Laboratory

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3rd Edition

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Author(s): Pendarvis

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Exploring Biology in the Laboratory 3rd Edition Pendarvis Test Bank Chapter 1 The Starting Point: Understanding the Scientific Method 1. Short answer: Describe characteristics and the role of different members of the termite society. ANS: The vast majority of members in a termite colony are wingless, sterile, and blind workers. They are milky white in c olor and possess hard -chewing mouth parts. Workers look after the eggs and nymphs, feed the soldiers and reproductive forms, build and maintain the colony, and forage for food. The workers are responsible for the telltale signs of termite damage. Soldiers are also wingless, sterile, and blind. This caste has a milky -white body with a yellowish -brown head and prominent mandibles. Soldiers defend the colony, mostly from ants. The reproductives, also called the royal caste, consist of the king and queen. Their only function is to reproduce. The royal caste is dark brown in color and has functional eyes. The queen seems to be striped because the segments of her abdomen are distended. Swarming termites are called alates or swarmers. They are winged reproductives that eventually establish new nests. PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.1 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 2. Short answer: Termites use pheromones for communication. Give several alternate examples for the use of pheromones. ANS: Specific ph eromo nes areTuEseSdTinBmANatKinSg,EpLroLdEucRin.gCaOnMalarm, keeping nym phs from fo rming reproductive castes, and establishing a trail. Termites use the trail hormones when they are attempting to lure other termites to follow them to a food source or other region of interest. PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.1 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessm ent 3. Short answer: Restate your hypothesis. Was your hypothesis rejected or accepted? Why? ANS: This answer will vary. The majority of students will state, “As the temperature decreases, the breathing rate of goldfish will decrease.” PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 4. Short answer: Discuss how your group’s results compared with the results of the entire class. ANS: This answer will vary. PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 5. Short answer: Discuss how the theme of the goldfish experiment can apply to the natural world and the care of aquatic animals. ANS: The basic scheme could be applied to how fish respond to changes of temperature in the natural world. It could also be appl ied to the transport of goldfish from distributors. PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 6. Short answer: List some possible sources of error in this experiment. ANS: Misreading the thermometer, not accurately counting the goldfish breaths, and not allowing sufficient time between trials. PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 7. Define osmosis. a. The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from regions of lesser concentration to regions of greater concentration. b. The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from regions of greater concentration to regions of lesser concentration . c. The random movement of molecules from regions of greater concentration to regions of l esser concTeEntSraTtiBonA.NKSELLER.COM d. The process by which carrier proteins carry specific molecules across the cell membrane. e. The process by which hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through a cell membrane. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 8. Fill in the blank: In a typical solution, the is the dissolving medium and the is the substance dissolved. To receive points, you must separate your answers with a comma and a space (e.g., first answer, second answer). ANS: solvent, solute PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 9. Define isotonic solution. a. There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear. b. The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the solution. c. There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear. d. None of the above. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understandi ng TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 10. Define hypotonic solution. a. There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear. b. The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the solution. c. There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear. d. None of the above. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 11. Define hypertonic solution. a. There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear. b. The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the solution. c. There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear. d. None of the above. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 12. Identify the independent and dependent variables in this activity. a. Independent variableT: cEhSanTgBeAinNgKuSmEmLyLbEeaRr..DCeOpMendent va riable: size of gummy bear. b. Independent variable: size of gummy bear. Dependent variable: change in gummy bear. c. Independent variable: change in gummy bear. Dependent variable: solution. d. Independent variable: solution. Dependent variable: change in gummy bear. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 13. Which are control variables from this activity? Select all that apply. a. Temperature. b. Change in gummy bear. c. Size of gummy bear. d. Solution. e. Water source. ANS: A, C, E PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 14. As the result of the experiment, was the gummy bear placed in tap water in an isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic solution? How do you know? a. Isotonic. There were no notable changes. b. It decreased in size and mass. c. It increased in size and mass. d. None of the above. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 15. What happened to the volume and mass of the gummy bears placed in a hypotonic solution? a. Isotonic. There were no notable change s. b. It decreased in size and mass. c. It increased in size and mass. d. None of the above. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 16. What happened to the volume and mass of the gummy bears placed in a hypertonic solution? a. Isotonic. There were no notable changes. b. It decreased in size and mass. c. It increased in size and mass. d. None of the above. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Unders tanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment Match the color and consistency of the gummy bears with the solution in which they were placed. a. Tap water b. Salt water c. Distilled water 17. Gummy bear became less dense and lighter in color. 18. Gummy bear became more dense and darker in color. 19. No major changes. 17. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 18. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 19. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 20. Describe the characteristics of science. a. Science is based upon observations that incorporate our senses, or instruments that extend our senses, to interpre t natural phenomena. b. Science is a search for irregularities. c. After observations have been recorded about irregularities in nature, scientists must process information. d. Science is a self -correcting process in which previously existing concepts can be expanded, modified, or replaced if necessary. e. Both a and c are correct. f. Both a and d are correct. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 1 Review TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 21. Short answer: Why is science considered a unified endeavor? ANS: Science is an organized body of knowledge that attempts to describe how the universe works. PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 22. Short answer: Compare and contrast science and technology. ANS: Science is a tool that allows us to comprehend natural phenomena, while technology is the application of science. PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 1 Review TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 23. Short answer: What d id Sir Isaac Newton mean when he stated, “If I have seen a little further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”? ANS: Scientis ts build upon th eTkEnoSwTlBedAgNe KgaSinEeLd LfrEomR.thCeOirMpredecessors. PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 1 Review TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 24. What could be done to improve scientific attitudes and education in our nation? a. Emphasize the three aspects of science. b. Engage students in the wonders of science. c. Encourage students to participate in student research. d. All of the above are correct. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 1 Review TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 25. Which are characteristics of a well -designed experiment? Select all that apply. a. It includes a valid hypothe sis. b. It identifies the control, independent, and dependent variables. c. It should include one trial. d. It should be repeatable and testable. ANS: A, B, D PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 1 Review TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 26. You are doing an experiment design ed to test the effects of outboard motor oil on the growth of algae. Identify the control. Select all that might apply. a. Brand of outboard motor oil b. Concentration of outboard motor oil c. Temperature d. Species of algae e. Growth of algae ANS: A, C, D PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 1 Review TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 27. You are doing an experiment designed to test the effects of outboard motor oil on the growth of algae. Identify the independent variable. a. Brand of outboard motor oil b. Concentration of outboard motor oil c. Tempe rature d. Species of algae e. Growth of algae ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 1 Review TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 28. You are doing an experiment designed to test the effects of outboard motor oil on the growth of algae. Identify the dependent variable. a. Brand of outboar d motor oil b. Concentration of outboard motor oil c. Temperature d. Species of algae e. Growth of algae ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 1 Review TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 29. Short answer: You are doing an experiment designed to test the effects of outboard motor oil on the growth of algae. What is an appropriate simple hypothesis? ANS: As the concentration of outboard motor oil increases, the growth rate of algae will decreas e. PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 30. Short answer: The term theory is often used in everyday life, yet the scientific method involves the formulation of hypotheses. Describe how the term theory is misused in everyday life. ANS: In common vernacular, the statement, “Oh, it’s just a theory,” suggests that something is nothing more than a guess. In science, theories are not guesses. They stand on their own accord and represent the current well -supported explanation of some aspect of the natural world. TESTBANKSELLER.COM PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 1 Review TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 31. Short answer: Why is there no room for superstition and mysticism in science? ANS: Superstition and mysticism result in misunderstanding, prejudice, and a disregard for logical explanations. PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 1 Review TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 32. Short answer: Why is a fundamental knowledge of biology necessary for all people? ANS: Learned citizens must be able to understand basic principles of biology to be wise voters and function in society. PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 1 Review TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 33. Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental characteristics of science? a. Involves processing information. b. Is based on observations that incorporate the senses. c. Involves a search for irregularities. d. Is an ongoing, active process. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 34. If you wanted to learn about the composition of the universe, you would study . a. chemistry b. biology c. zoology d. meteorology ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 35. Physiology is the study of , hematology is the study of , and histology is the study of . a. structure, blood, tissues b. function, blood, tissues c. function, tissues, blood d. structure, tissues, blood ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 36. Which of the following traits is indicative of an unscientific attitude? a. Persistence. b. Superstition. c. Open -mindedness. d. Curiosity. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 37. Which of the following is a scientific concept? a. DNA synthesis. b. Observation . c. Classification. d. All of the above. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 38. Determining the quantitative relationships among data involves which of the following scientific processes? a. Classifying. b. Inferring. c. Measuring. d. Using numbers. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 39. The fundamental core of scientific content knowledge consists of . a. concepts b. generalizations c. facts d. all of the above ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 40. A useful hypothesis is . a. an operational definition b. an analysis of test results c. a testable statement d. an observation ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 41. A(n) hypothesis states that there is no relationship between an independent and dependent variable. a. unsupported b. positive c. alternate d. null ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 42. The scientific method includes all of the following EXCEPT . a. theories b. observation c. predictions d. hypotheses ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 43. In an experiment, which of the following variables is used as a baseline for comparison? a. Control . b. Dependent. c. Independent. d. Responding. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 44. A theory is . a. the same thing as a hypothesis b. an idea unconfirmed by evidence c. an idea on which experts in the field agree d. nothing more than anTeEdSucTaBteAd NguKeSssELLER.COM ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 45. In conducting an experiment, a scientist follows a process of scientific inquiry that includes which of the following? a. Communicating. b. Inferring. c. Predicting. d. All of the above. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 46. The fact that we no longer believe the earth is flat attests to the fact that science is a(n) process. a. unpredictable b. self-correcting c. mystical d. contradictory ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 47. Your study data show that teenage drivers cause 30% more car accidents than adults over the age of 25, so you that high schools need better driver education programs. a. infer b. predict c. rationalize d. hypothesize ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 48. When you say that the earth orbits the sun, you are . a. refuting a long -held belief b. explaining a scientific concept c. making a generalization d. stating a scientific fact ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium TOP: Chapter 1 Suppleme ntal 49. What steps do investigators take before forming a hypothesis? a. Collect information. b. Use prior knowledge. c. Draw conclusions. d. All of the above. e. A and B only. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Medium TOP: Chapter 1 SuppleTmEenStTalBANKSELLER.COM 50. Which of the following is an example of technology? a. Conducting a laboratory experiment. b. Making a scientific discovery. c. Observing the stars through a telescope. d. Drilling for oil and gas. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 51. Which of the following is a scientific process, rather than a concept? a. Observation. b. Photosynthesis. c. Camouflage. d. DNA. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 52. After completing a controlled experiment, a scientist changes the dosage of an antibiotic and repeats the experiment. The change in dosage is the . a. independent variable b. dependent variable c. constant d. control ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 53. The function of a hypothesis is to . a. identify the dependent variable b. provide direction for interpreting data c. provide direction for gathering data d. predict the likely outcome of an experiment ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 54. Termites are social insects; therefore, communication is essential to their well -being. How do they communicate? a. Use chemicals known as pheromones. b. Use visual signals. c. Use chemicals similar to ants. d. A and B. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medi um TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 55. The correct hypothesis for a study to measure the effectiveness of a pesticide in eradicating a specific mold infecting a crop is that if the pesticide is administered, then the mold will . a. be eradicated. b. not be eradicated. c. get worse. d. kill the crops. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 56. Results of a clinical trial demonstrated that an antibiotic eradicated the infection in 98% of the study subjects. Therefore, you . a. construct another hypothesis b. collect additional data c. conclude that the antibiotic is highly effective d. re-evaluate your results ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 57. Which of the following is NOT involved in the process of interpreting data? a. Classifying. b. Communicating. c. Predicting. d. Inferring. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 58. Which of the following statements is a scientific generalization? a. Antibodies are produced when a virus invades the body. b. Red blood cells carry oxygen in the blood. c. Many birds migrate south for the winter. d. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 59. You design a clinical trial with human subjects to evaluate the efficacy of an antibiotic in eradicating a bacterial infection. Which of the following wou ld be used as the control in this study? a. Two different dosages. b. A placebo (inactive substance). c. No treatment. d. All of the above. e. B and C only. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Hard TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 60. In a clinical study to measure the effectiveness of an antib iotic, which of the following is the independent variable? a. The number of patienTtsEeSnTroBllAedNiKnSthEeLstLuEdyR. .COM b. The antibiotic being tested. c. The control. d. The infection. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Hard TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 61. If a study fails to produce the expected results, you would . a. collect additional data b. conclude that your hypothesis is not supported c. continue observing and asking questions d. conduct the study with other patients ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Hard TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental 62. You are a public health researcher who wants to conduct a study of the prevalence of a disease in a rural village in India. To define this study operationally, you would specify the . a. study population b. drugs available to treat the disease c. cause of the disease d. number of people who have died from the disease ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard TOP: Chapter 1 Supplemental Chapter 2 For Good Measure: Understanding Scientific Notation and the Metric System 1. Why is the use of scientific notation important? a. It helps make extremely large and small numbers easy to work with. b. It is what all the scientists use. c. It is no better than standard notation. d. It is a way to confuse people who don't know much about science. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 2.1 Check Your Understand ing TOP: Chapter 2 Assessment 2. What does a negative exponent signify in scientific notation? a. It signifies a number greater than 1. b. It signifies a number less than 1. c. It signifies a fraction. d. It signifies a negative number when written in standard notation. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 2.1 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 2 Assessment 3. What are the advantages of using the metric system? Select all that apply. a. There is no advantage as the English system is more common. b. The metric system is standard except in a few countries. c. It is easier to shift a decimal place than deal with fractions. d. It uses suffixes to describe really large or small numbers. ANS: B, C PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 2.2 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 2 Assessment 4. What are the three basic units of measurement for the metric system? a. Meter, kilogram, and liter. b. Meter, gram, and candela. c. Log, jolt, and moment. d. Mole, centigram, and milliliter. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 2.2 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 2 Assessmen t 5. True or false: Reading the meniscus of a fluid in a graduated cylinder made of glass is easier compared with one made of plastic. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 2.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 2 Assessment 6. Why is taring a balance important? a. Taring removes any numbers that the scale is showing. b. Taring standardizes the balance by accounting for the mass of cups or other material. c. Taring adjusts for the differences in temperature and pressure in the room. d. Taring is not important. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 2.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 2 Assessment 7. Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen cold enough to exist in the liquid form. It has a boiling point of –320.4°F. Convert this value to degrees Celsius. a. –160.2°C b. –213.6°C c. –146.0°C d. –195.8°C ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 2.3 Check Your Understanding TOP: Chapter 2 Assessment 8. Short answer: What is the advantage of using scientific notation? ANS: Scientific notation is useful because it allows scientists to express both very small and large numbers in a convenient form. It provides scientists a numbering system that is much easier to use and interpret. PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 2 Review TOP: Chapter 2 Assessment 9. Short answer: Why is a standard unit of measurement necessary in science and industry? ANS: Without a standard unit of measure, it would be difficult to exchange information PTS: 1 REF: Chapter 2 Review TOP: Chapter 2 Assessment Match the following names with the correct prefix: a. trillionth b. millionth c. million d. billion e. billionth f. tenth g. thousand h. hund redth 10. mega 11. kilo 12. nano 13. deci 14. micro 15. giga 16. centi