(Test Bank) Cost Accounting

Horngren,Datar,Rajan, 15

Business

Test Bank

15th Edition

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Test Bank for Cost Accounting, The downloadable file consists of 1347 pages, and the total size of the file is 8.71 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Horngren, Datar, Rajan

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Test Bank for Cost Accounting, 15e Charles Horngren Srikant Datar Madhav Rajan Cost Accounting, 15e (Horngren/Datar/Rajan) Chapter 1 The Manager and Management Accounting Objective 1.1 1) Management accounting ________. A) focuses on estimating future revenues, costs, and other measures to forecast activities and their results B) provides information about the company as a whole C) reports information that has occurred in the past that is verifiable and reliable D) provides information that is generally available only on a quarterly or annual basis Answer: A Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 2) Managers use management accounting information to ________. A)help external users such as investors, banks, regulators, and suppliers B) communicate, develop, and implement strategies C) communicate a firm's financial position to investors, banks, regulators, and other outside parties D) ensure that financial statements are consistent with the SEC rules Answer: B Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 3) Financial accounting ________. A) focuses on the future and includes activities such as preparing next year's operating budget B) must comply with GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) C) is the process of measuring, analyzing, and reporting financial and nonfinancial information related to the costs of acquiring or using resources in an organization D) is prepared for the use of department heads and other employees Answer: B Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 4) The primary user of financial accounting information is a ________. A) factory shift supervisor B) distribution manager C) current shareholder D) department manager Answer: C Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 5) The pri mary user of management accounting information is a(n) ________. A) the control ler B) a shareholder evaluating a stock investment C) bondholder D) external regulator Answer: A Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 6) Financial accounting pr ovides the primary source of information for ________. A) decision making in th e finishing department B) improving customer service C) preparing the income statement for shareholders D) planning next year's operating budget Answer: C Diff: 1 Objective : 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 7) Which of the following is true of manageme nt accounting information? A) It focuses on documenting past business actions of a firm. B) It is prepared based on SEC rules and FASB accounting principles. C) It is prepare d for shareholders. D) It co -ordinates product design, production, and marketi ng decisions. Answer: D Diff: 2 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 8) Which of the following statements refers to management accounting information? A) There are no re gulations governing the reports. B) The reports are generally delayed and hist orical. C) The audience tends to be stockholders, creditors, and tax authorities. D) It primarily measures manager's compensation on reported financial results. Answer: A Diff: 2 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 9) Which of the following grou ps would be least likely to receive detailed management accounting reports? A) stockholders B) sales managers C) production supervisors D) distribution managers Answer: A Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 10) Management accounting inf ormation typically includes ________. A) tabulated results of customer satisfaction surveys B) the cost of producing a product C) the percentage of units produced that are def ective D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: D Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Application of knowledge 11) Cost accounting ________. A) measures the costs of acquiring or using resources in an organization B) helps managers to develop, communica te, and implement strategies C) coordinates product design, production, and mar keting decisions and evaluate a company's performance D) communicates information to investors, banks, regulators, and other outside parties Answer: A Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 12) Which of the following differentiates cost accou nting and financial accounting? A) The primary users of cost accounting are the investors, whereas the primary users of financial accounting are the managers. B) Cost accounting deals with product design, production, and marketing strategies, whereas finan cial accounting deals mainly with pricing of the products. C) Cost accounting measures only the financial information related to the costs of acquiring fixed assets in an organi zation, whereas financial accounting measures financial and nonfinancial inform ation of a company's business transactions. D) Cost accounting measures information related to the costs of acquiring or using resources in an organization, whereas financial ac counting measures a financial position of a company to investors, banks, and ex ternal parties. Answer: D Diff: 2 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 13) Which of the following is true of financial accounting information? A) It is prepared based on cost-benefit analysis. B) It is primarily used by managers to make internal bus iness decisions. C) It focuses on the past -oriented financial performance of a company. D) It only measures the cash transactions of a company. Answer: C Diff: 2 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 14) A data warehouse or infobarn ________. A) is reserved for exclusive use by the CFO B) is primarily used for financial reporting purposes C) stores information used by different managers for multiple purposes D) gathe rs only nonfinancial information Answer: C Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Anal ytical thinking 15) Which of the following is true of cost accounting? A) It provides financial information about cash -based transactions only. B) It accounts only the financia l information of business transactions, not the nonfinancial information. C) It provides financial information regarding the cost of acquiring resources. D) It must be prepared in accordance with GAAP. Answer: C Diff: 2 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical t hinking 16) Which of the following deals with management accounting? A) identi fying the costs of acquiring the resources of the company B) developing budgets C) preparing the income statement D) preparing the statement of cash flows Answer: B Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 17) Financial accounting is concerne d primarily with ________. A) external reporting to investors, creditors, and government authorities B) cost planning and cost controls C) product design and marketing strateg ies D) providing information for strategic and tactical decisions Answer: A Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 18) Financial accounting provides a historical perspective, whereas management accounting emphasizes ________. A) the future B) past transactions C) a current perspective D) reports to shareholders Answer: A Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 19) An Enterprise Resource Planning System can best be described as ________. A) a collection of programs that use a variety of unconnected databases B) a single database that collects data and f eeds it into applications that support each of the company's business activities, such as purchases, production, distribution, and sales C) a database that is primarily used by a purchasing department to determine the correct amount of a particular supply item to purchase D) a sophisticated means of linking two or more companies to facilitate their planning processes Answer: B Diff: 2 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 20) The approaches and activities of managers in short -run and long -run plann ing and control decisions that increase value for customers and lower costs of products and services are known as ________. A) value chain management B) enterprise resource pl anning C) cost management D) customer value management Answer: C Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 21) Financial accounting information focuses on internal reporting. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Management accounting information focu ses on internal reporting and financial accounting focuses on external reportin g. Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 22) Cost accounting provides information for both management accounting and financial accounting professionals. Answer: FA LSE Explanation: Cost accounting provides information for both management acco unting and financial accounting professionals. Diff: 2 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 23) Management accounting information and reports do not have to follow set pri nciples or rules such as GAAP. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Anal ytical thinking 24) Management accounting ensures communication of an organization's financial position to investors, banks, and regulators. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Financ ial accounting, not management accounting, ensures communication of an organiza tion's financial position to investors, banks, and regulators. Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 25) The balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows are used for financial accounting, and also for management accounting. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 26) Financial accounting is broader in scope than management accounting. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Management accounting is broader in scope than financial accounting. Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 27) Cost accounting measures and reports short -term, long -term, financial, and non financial information. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Objective: 1 AAC SB: Analytical thinking 28) Cost accounting is the process of measuring, anal yzing, and reporting financial and nonfinancial information related to the costs of acquiring or using resources in an organization. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 29) Management accounting has to strictly follow the rules of generally accepted accounting principles for the purposes of measurement and reporting. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Internal measures and reports do not have to follow GAAP . Diff: 2 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 30) For management account ing, internal measurement and reporting are based on cost -benefit analysis. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 31) An Enterprise Resource Planning ( ERP) System is a single database that collects data and feeds into applications that support each of the company's business activities, such as purchases, production, distribution, and sales. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 32) Financial accounting provides an organization's past -oriented information such as the previous years' financial statements. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Financial accounting provides an organization's past -oriented information such as the previous yea rs' financial statements. Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 33) Cost management not only helps reducing costs but also improving customer satisfaction and the quality of a firm's products. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analyt ical thinking 34) For each report listed below, identify whether the major pur pose of the report is for (1) routine internal reporting, (2) nonroutine internal reporting, or for (3) external reporting to investors and other outside parties. Item: a. stud y detailing sale information of the top -ten selling products b. weekly report o f total sales generated by each store in the metropolitan area c. annual Report sent to shareholders d. monthly report comparing budgeted sales by store to actual sales Answer: a. (2) nonroutine internal reporting b. (1) routine internal reporting c. (3) external reporting to investors and other outside parties d. (1) routine internal reporting Diff: 3 Objective: 1 AACSB: Application of knowledge 35) Describe management ac counting and financial accounting. Answer: Management accounting provides inf ormation to internal decision makers of the business such as top executives, managers, sales representatives, and production supervisors. Its purpose is to help managers predict and evaluate future results. Reports are generated often and usually broken do wn into smaller reporting divisions such as department or product line. There are no rules to be complied with since these reports are for internal use only. Management accounti ng embraces more extensively such topics as the development and implementation of strategies and policies, budgeting, special studies and forecasts, influence on employee behavior, and nonfinancial as well as financial information. Financial accounting, b y contrast, provides information to external decision makers such as investors and creditors. Its purpose is to present a fair picture of the financial condition of the company. Reports are generated quarterly or annually and report on the company as a who le. The financial statements must comply with GAAP (generally accepted accounti ng principles). A CPA audits, or verifies, that GAAP is being followed. Diff: 3 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 36) Cost accounting provides information for both man agement accounting and financial accounting professionals. Explain. Answer: C ost accounting is the process of measuring, analyzing, and reporting financial and nonfinancial information related to the costs of acquiring or using resources in an organizati on. For example, calculating the cost of a product is a cost accounting functio n that meets both the financial accountant's inventory -valuation needs and the management accountant's decision -making needs such as deciding how to price products and choosing which products to promote. Diff: 3 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 37) Is it possible to have an active cost management program without an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System? Answer: Yes, an active cost management program can occur with out an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System. Cost management is a philosop hy that guides management in their short -run and long -run planning and control decisions that increase value for customers and lower costs of products and services. Cost managem ent is not dependent on any particular system or database, but it is rather an overall philosophy of operation. Diff: 2 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking 38) What competitive advantage could a company obtain from a successful cost management prog ram? Answer: There are three broad outcomes from a successful cost management program: 1) costs are reduced with no loss in customer value. In this scenario, a company might gain a competitive advantage by lowering its price with no loss in profit, or ma intain the same price and increase profit; 2) customer value is increased with no change in costs. This scenario might increase customer satisfaction resulting in increased customer loyalty and perhaps increase the overall demand for the product; 3) custom er value might be increased while costs are reduced simultaneously. This scenar io would result in the benefits described in both 1) and 2). Diff: 3 Objective: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Objective 1.2 1) Which of the following statements concerning a n organization's strategy is true? A) Strategy specifies how an organization m atches its own capabilities with the opportunities in the marketplace to accomplish its objectives. B) Cost accountants formulate strategy in an organization since they have mo re inputs about costs. C) A good strategy will always overcome poor implementa tion. D) Businesses usually follow one of two broad strategies: offering a quality product at a high price, or offering a unique product or service priced lower than the compet ition. Answer: A Diff: 2 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 2) Strate gy specifies ________. A) how an organization matches its own capabilities with the opportunities in the marketplace B) standard procedures to ensure quality products C) incre mental changes for improved performance D) the demand created for products and services Answer: A Diff: 2 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 3) Which of the following is not a concern for management accountants in formulating a strategy? A) iden tifying the most important warehouse location for the distribution of goods B) substituting products that exist in the marketplace C) strategizing compliance with GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) D) maintaining adequate fixed assets availabl e to implement the strategy Answer: C Explanation: C) This is more of a conce rn of financial accountants than of management accountants. Diff: 2 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 4) Strategy is formulated ________. A) by identifying the most imp ortant customers B) by forecasting the composition of adequate fixed assets C) based on the qualified opinion of external auditors D) by eliminating sunk costs Answer: A Diff: 2 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 5) In designing strategy, a compan y must match its opportunities in the marketplace with ________. A) environment friendly goals B) its resources and capabilities C) branding opportunities D) the requirements of credit rating agencies Answer: B Diff: 2 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical th inking 6) Which of the following statements about customer value is true? A) Customer value is shown in a corporation's balance sheet. B) Creating value for customers is an important part of planning and implementing strategy. C) Customer value is the only focus that helps managers to formulate strategies. D) Customer value is lo st with increase in costs of the product. Answer: B Diff: 2 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 7) A company's strategy specifies how an organization matches its capabil ities with the opportunities in the marketplace. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Objectiv e: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 8) The two broad strategies that companies follow are cost leadership strategy and product differentiation strategy. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 9) The best -designed strategies are val uable whether or not they are effectively implemented. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Implementation is essential or the strategy is useless. Diff: 1 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analyt ical thinking 10) The key to a company's success is creating value for customer s while differentiating itself from its competitors. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 11) The key to a company's success is always to be the low cost producer in a particular industry. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The low cost producer in a particular industry will not necessarily be successful. Diff: 2 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 12) Management accountants work closely with manage rs in various departments to formulate strategies by providing information abou t the sources of competitive advantage. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 13) Management accountants should have little or no role in deciding on a company's strategy. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Management accountants shou ld play a significant role in deciding on a company's strategy. Diff: 1 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 14) Companies can decide on an appropriate strategy based stri ctly on internally available information. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Compani es must obtain external information as well as internal information to decide on an appropriate strategy. Diff: 2 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 15) Strategic financ ial management describes cost management that specifically focuses on strategic issues. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Strategic cost management describes cost management that specifically focuses on strategic issues. Diff: 2 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytica l thinking 16) Identifying a company's most important customers helps to formu late a strategy. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 17) The best -designed strategies and the best -developed capabilities are useless unless they are effectively executed. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical t hinking 18) Describe the major differences between management accounting and financial accounting for the following: 1. Primary users 2. Focus and emphasis 3. Rules of measurem ent and reporting Answer: 1. The primary users of management accounting infor mation are managers of the organization. The primary users of financial accounting are external users such as investors, banks, regulators, and suppliers. 2. Management account ing is future oriented. Financial accounting is past oriented. 3. Management a ccounting measurement and reporting does not have to follow GAAP but are based on cost-benefit analysis. Financial accounting measurement and reporting must be prepared in acco rdance with GAAP and be certified by external, independent auditors. Diff: 3 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 19) What is strategy? Briefly describe the two broad types of strategies that companies may choose to pursue. Answer: Strategy specifi es how an organization matches its own capabilities with the opportunities in the marketplace to accomplish its objectives. In other words, strategy describes how a company will compete. Companies follow one of two broad strategies. One is provide a quali ty product or service at low prices. The other is to compete on their ability t o offer a unique product or service that is generally offered at a higher price. Diff: 2 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 20) Briefly describe the list of items that managers undertake to formulate strategies. Answer: ONE: Identifying the most important customers, and how the company can be competitive and deliver value to them. TWO: Identifying the substitute products existing in the marketplace, and how do they diff er from our product in terms of features, price, cost, and quality. THREE: Iden tifying most critical capability -whether it is technology, production or marketing. FOUR: Checking the adequacy of cash available to fund the strategy, or will additional funds need to be raised -through issue of debt or equity. Diff: 3 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking 21) Generally, companies follow one of two broad strategies: offering a quality product at a low price, or offering a unique product or service priced hi gher than the competition. Assume you are opening a small food outlet across t he street from your campus. How might that business be operated under each of the two broad strategies? Consider the following specific operational areas: a. target customers b. products offered c. product pricing d. location choice e. advertising conte nt f. advertising media Answer: The purpose of this question is to explore some of the differences in business operations as a result of a broad strategic choice. Answers will differ from student to student, but you should see some specific themes. Oper ational Area Low Price Strategy Differential Strategy Target customers Target customers might be students on a tight budget. Target customers might be more wealthy students, faculty, or perhaps neighbors who live nearby. Products offered Few products, he avy emphasis on tight cost control, probably set up as a high volume operation. High quality products, probably a reasonable choice, restaurant might have a lot of ambience. Product pricing Priced at or lower than the competition in the area. Higher price d products. Location choice Convenient to the target customers. Not as convenient, perhaps in a higher -end shopping or entertainment area. Customers might seek out the high qu ality and be willing to travel a bit for it. Advertising content Advertising w ould emphasize the low price of the products offered. Advertising would emphasize quality or ambience. Advertising media Media that would be looked at by the target customers, such as student newspapers. Media that would be looked at by the target custome r, local magazines and newspapers. Diff: 3 Objective: 2 AACSB: Application of knowledge 22) Generally, companies follow one of two broad strategies: offering a quality produ ct at a low price, or offering a unique product or service priced higher than t he competition. Is it possible to follow a strategy that is "in the middle"? Answer: There is some dispute about the correct answer to this question. Some will argue that it i s not good for companies to get "caught in the middle" because the customer mig ht get confused as to whether or not the company is competing on price or is trying to make some other appeal. If the customer is confused about how the company is giving them v alue, they might perceive they are getting no value and abandon the product to a competitor with a clearer customer value proposition. The other side of the argument is that cost management is a necessary part of any strategy and even if the company choose s to pursue a differential strategy, management of the company should always be seeking ways to manage costs and increase customer value simultaneously regardless of their strategy. The student should be able to articulate one or the other arguments cohere ntly. Diff: 3 Objective: 2 AACSB: Application of knowledge Objective 1.3 1) Place the four business functions in the order they appear along the value chain: Customer service Design Marketing Production A) Customer Service, Design, Production, Marketing B) Customer Service, Marketing, Production, Design C) Design, Produ ction, Marketing, Customer Service D) Design, Customer Service, Production, Marketing Answer: C Diff: 2 Objective: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking 2) R&D, production, and cust omer service are business functions that are all included as part of ________. A) the value chain B) benchmarking C) customer relationship management D) the supply chain Answer: A Diff: 1 Objective: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking 3) The value chain i s the sequence of business functions in which ________. A) value is deducted f rom the products or services of an organization B) producing and delivering the product or service is of prime importance C) products and services are evaluated with respect t o their value to the supply chain D) usefulness is added to the products or se rvices of an organization Answer: D Diff: 2 Objective: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking 4) ________ is the generation of, and experimentation with, ideas related to new product s, services, or processes. A) Research and development B) Design of products, services, or processes C) Production D) Marketing Answer: A Diff: 1 Objective: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking 5) ________ is the detailed planning and engineering and test ing of products, services, or processes. A) Plan of implementation B) Design C) Production D) Research and development Answer: B Diff: 1 Objective: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking 6) Production is the ________. A) generation of, and experimentation wi th, ideas related to new products, services, or processes B) processing orders and shipping products or services to customers C) acquisition, coordination, and assembly of resources to produce a product or deliver a service D) detailed planning and engine ering of products, services, or processes Answer: C Diff: 2 Objective: 3 AACS B: Analytical thinking