(Test Bank) We The People

Patterson, 14

Political Science

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14th Edition

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Author(s): Patterson

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Version 1 1 CHAPTER 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following best characterizes Americans' knowledge of public affairs today? A) Millennialsare better informed than older generations by a wide margin. B) Americans are consistently shown to be among the most well-informedcitizens when compared to other democracies. C) Most Americans today are far better informed than previous generations, though knowledge levels are still rather low. D) Misinformation is now at its highest level in the history of polling. E) Baby boomers have been shown to be the most well-informed generation, while younger generations know little about public affairs. 2) Critical thinking is best described as A) the process of forming an opinion after weighing the relevant facts. B) discounting the news from ordinary media outlets. C) rejecting the accounts of bureaucrats and finding alternative versions online. D) assuming that all news are lies until alternative truths present themselves. E) trusting your instincts on the way the world works. 3) Approximately what share of Americans refuses to believe that Russia interfered in the 2016 elections? A) 6 percent B) 13 percent C) 25 percent D) 33 percent E) 60 percent Version 1 2 4) What type of government suppresses individuality, forcing people to think and act in prescribed ways or risk punishment? A) communist B) socialist C) authoritarian D) egalitarian E) republican 5) Which of the following has most recently proven to serve as a significant obstacle to critical thinking? A) changes in the media landscape B) political partisanship C) television D) newspapers E) the coastal elites 6) What do behavioral scientists Gordon Pennycook and David Rand call the habit of judging the accuracy of a claim on the basis of who's saying it or whether we've heard it before? A) "cognitive laziness" B) "cognitive disconnect" C) "cognitive bias" D) "the cult of personality" E) "cognitive dissonance" 7) In recent years,Version 1 3 A) American politics has become more heated and divisive. B) Americans have become more tolerant of leaders slanting facts. C) American leaders have become more willing to lie. D) Americans have embraced more truthful politicians. E) our politics has become more divisive and heated, leaders have lied more readily, and we have come to tolerate it more. 8) Which of the following is an example of politicians' deliberate slanting of facts? A) calls for tax increases to fund infrastructure B) debates over immigration policy and amnesty for current undocumented immigrants C) the claim that free trade is the cause for the loss of millions of manufacturing jobs D) the insistence that President Barack Obama is a citizen and born in Hawaii E) the claim that Russia interfered in the 2016 U.S. elections 9) What is the likely result of spending hours listening to partisan talk shows? A) misinformation B) liberalism C) pragmatism D) well-rounded political views E) a distaste for politics 10) Which of the following is NOT among the frameworks used in political science? A) rational choice theory B) liberalism C) institutional analysis D) historical reasoning E) behavioral studies Version 1 4 11) Who among the following was the chief architect of the U.S. Constitution and also one of America's top political scientists? A) James Madison B) Andrew Jackson C) Woodrow Wilson D) Benjamin Franklin E) John Adams 12) Which important aspect of European thought had the greatest impact on the formation of the political culture of America? A) Romanticism B) the Reformation C) the Renaissance D) Rationalism E) the Enlightenment 13) Which of the following is NOT one of the core values of American political culture? A) individualism B) equality C) cooperation D) liberty E) self-government 14) Which of the following statements about cultural or political beliefs in America is FALSE?Version 1 5 A) America's origins as a wilderness society led to the belief that government is responsible for providing material assistance to its citizens. B) Americans believe that individuals should be free to act and think as they choose. C) Americans reject European notions of aristocratic privilege. D) America has a strongly individualistic culture. E) Americans generally believe that the people are the ultimate source of governing authority. 15) Which of the following best describes Americans' "unalienable rights," as described in the Declaration of Independence? A) freedoms belonging to every citizen that cannot be legally taken away by the government B) "God-given" rights that all people possess from birth C) freedom from government interference in any aspect of life D) freedom from religious persecution E) the freedoms necessary to become "a perfect nation" 16) Individualism is the idea that A) individuals should be free to act and think as they choose. B) all individuals are equal in their moral worth. C) people are the ultimate source of governing authority. D) people should take initiative and be self-sufficient. E) there should be formal limits on citizens' power. 17) To what aspect of America were William Watts and Lloyd Free referring when they labeled it "the country of individualism par excellence"?Version 1 6 A) the majoritarian nature of the voting and election system B) the ability of any individual to aspire to high political office C) the judicial nature of American politics, in which any individual can challenge powerful interests D) the engrained nature of individualism, from freedom of expression to fair-trial protections E) the ability of the individual to join in labor unions and interest groups to pursue his or her political and financial self-interests 18) Europeans have a greater acceptance than Americans of A) welfare policies that could relieve people of the responsibility to care for themselves. B) the strength of the executive branch of government. C) the majoritarian system of government. D) the influence of corporate special interests in the legislative process. E) the influence of corporate money in the election process. 19) Which of the following is an example of an authoritarian regime? A) Great Britain B) France C) the United States D) China E) Canada 20) According to the Declaration of Independence, governments get their "just powers" from A) "God Almighty." B) "the consent of the governed." C) "the various factions." D) "the teachings of Jesus Christ." E) "the benevolence of a just king." Version 1 7 21) West Virginia, the state with the lowest percentage of college graduates in the United States, A) is indicative of Americans' relative indifference to higher education. B) is evidence of the general truth that the states with the highest percentage of college graduates are located between the Rockies and the Mississippi River. C) is one of seven U.S. states with fewer than five institutions of higher learning. D) demonstrates how closed higher education in the United States is compared to the rest of the world. E) has a higher proportion of college graduates than most European countries. 22) Which of the following is an accurate description of the prevalence of college education in the United States? A) Among adults 25 years of age and older, roughly half are college graduates. B) Among adults 25 years of age and older, nearly one in three is a college graduate. C) Every U.S. state has at least twenty colleges or universities within its borders. D) Despite having a much higher rate of colleges and universities per capita than European countries, the U.S. has a lower rate of college graduation per capita. E) Although the U.S. has a lower number of colleges and universities per capita than Europe, it has a much higher rate of college graduation per capita. 23) The process by which a society settles its conflicts and allocates the resulting benefits and costs is called A) politics. B) government. C) elitism. D) socialism. E) communism. 24) ________ is the ability of persons, groups, or institutions to influence political developments.Version 1 8 A) Apathy B) Politics C) Power D) Liberty E) Political culture 25) French philosopher Michel Foucault referred to politics as "________." A) like making sausage B) the burden of citizens C) a means to an end D) war by other means E) a necessary evil 26) The Greek words demos and kratis together mean A) majority rule is sacred. B) the people rule. C) government is good. D) politics is immoral. E) the king is good. 27) In an oligarchy, A) the state is run by corporate interests and companies instead of individuals. B) control rests with a small group of popularly elected individuals. C) control rests with a single individual, such as a dictator. D) control rests with a small group, such as military officers or a few wealthy families. E) the state controls all aspects of individuals' lives, including family relations and the practice of religion. Version 1 9 28) What has democracy come to mean in practice? A) pluralistic government through the combination of popularly elected representatives and the influence of interest groups B) oligarchic government through a legislature chosen through popular election C) elitist control through interest group politics D) pluralism through the election of representatives and the influence of corporate interests E) majority rule through the free and open election of representatives 29) The United States has certain rules in place to keep politics within peaceful bounds. These rules include all of the following EXCEPT A) autocracy. B) democracy. C) constitutionalism. D) free markets. E) None of these answers are correct. 30) What is a major limit on majoritarianism, as suggested by the text? A) The public as a whole takes an interest in only a few of the hundreds of policy decisions that U.S. officials make each year. B) The public lacks access to the information required to take informed political action on most issues dealt with by the government each year. C) The actions of special interest groups are ultimately more influential than the voting power of the public. D) The rapid turnover of government officials and members of the legislature prevents the majority public from making a sustained effort for any single issue. E) The most power tends to reside with a wealthy minority of the voting public, preventing the majority public from setting the issue agenda. 31) The fact that farmers have more influence over agricultural price-supports than do other groups is an example ofVersion 1 10 A) majoritarianism. B) pluralism. C) elitism. D) constitutionalism. E) corporate power. 32) Pluralism contends that, on most issues, A) corporate elites have more control over economic policy than do "the politicians in the visible government." B) the will of the majority of the voting public determines government policy. C) it is the preferences of special interests that largely determine what government does. D) true authority lies with the elected politicians, and not with the public that put them in office. E) the diverse nature of the citizenry enhances the democratic process in policymaking. 33) A government's authority A) is evidenced when government officials use their right to exercise power. B) is by definition not coercive. C) does not include the power to arrest and imprison. D) ensures that lawlessness prevails most of the time. E) is based on pluralism. 34) What era in American politics is notable for a high level of bipartisanship? A) 1945–1960 (post-WWII) B) 1865–1877 (Reconstruction) C) 1992–2000 (Clinton era) D) 1900–1917 (pre-WWI) E) 2016–present (Trump era) Version 1 11 35) The Bill of Rights A) reduced the restrictiveness of constitutionalism. B) enhanced the powers of the executive. C) further checked the power of the majority. D) enhanced the majoritarian nature of government. E) restricted the power of corporate influence in the government. 36) The Bill of Rights added to the Constitution, among other things, A) a guarantee of freedom of speech. B) a division of governmental authority into three branches. C) checks and balances among the three branches of government. D) restrictions against the power of corporations to influence the election process. E) term limits for elected officials to reduce their power. 37) In a constitutional system, A) there are no restrictions on the lawful uses of power, as long as this power is obtained by majority rule. B) there are lawful restrictions on a government's power. C) the economy is based on the free enterprise system. D) officials govern according to the traditions established by their predecessors. E) all citizens have absolute free speech rights. 38) What new policy was established by the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark Gideon v. Wainwright ruling?Version 1 12 A) the right to trial by jury B) the need to charge an arrested suspect with a specific crime within 24 hours of arrest C) the requirement that police read a suspect his or her rights before or during arrest D) government provision of free legal counsel to the accused if they are too poor to hire a lawyer E) the practice of allowing a suspect out on bail until the time of the trial 39) Which of the following is a difference between communism and socialism, as described by the text? A) Under socialism, the government owns some firms, but under communism the government does not own any major assets. B) Under communism, the government assumes total management of the economy, whereas under socialism, the government does not try to manage the overall economy. C) Under socialism, the economy operates mainly through private transactions, but under communism, the government owns a number of major industries and tries to provide for people's basic economic needs. D) Under communism, the government manages the economy completely but does not attempt to provide for people's basic needs; under socialism, the government does not manage the economy completely, but does attempt to provide for people's basic needs. E) Under socialism, the government owns more industries than a communist government does, but it provides less direct benefit for individuals' welfare. 40) Which of the following describes socialism as practiced today in Sweden? A) The government does not attempt to manage the overall economy but owns a number of major industries and provides for people's basic economic needs. B) The government manages the overall economy through ownership of most major industries, and it does not allow private property. C) The economy operates almost exclusively on private transactions. D) The government does little to manage the economy and owns no major industries, serving mainly to provide for people's basic economic needs. E) Firms are largely free to make their own production, distribution, and pricing decisions, and individuals depend largely on themselves for economic security. Version 1 13 41) The United States' economy operates primarily as a A) free-market system. B) free-market system with major elements of socialism. C) socialist system with some free-market elements. D) socialist system. E) None of these answers are correct. 42) In which of the following ways is the U.S. free-market system distinct from European economies? A) its lack of regulatory intervention B) its lack of intervention through taxation C) its lack of intervention through spending policies D) the extent to which private transactions determine the allocation of economic costs and benefits E) the extent to which it exercises regulatory intervention by altering interest rates 43) Roughly two-thirds of all lobbyists in the nation's capital represent A) activist organizations. B) labor unions. C) business firms. D) foreign-based political action groups. E) nonprofit organizations. 44) U.S. firms have greater power than firms in other Western democracies over which of the following?Version 1 14 A) wages and working conditions B) stock market fluctuations C) interest rates D) bond market rates E) greenhouse gas emissions 45) The average incomes of minimum-wage workers in the United States and Europe reflect a greater influence of which of the following in the United States, when compared to Europe? A) majoritarianism B) elitism C) corporate power D) judicial action E) constitutionalism 46) Sociologist C. Wright Mills was a proponent of the theory of A) pluralism. B) elitism. C) majoritarianism. D) bureaucratic rule. E) None of these answers are correct. 47) As described in the text, ________ is a defining characteristic of America politics. A) the widespread sharing of power B) the supremacy of the elite C) a continual striving for equality D) a resistance to all forms of socialism E) an unequal distribution of power Version 1 15 ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 48) What are some of the barriers to critical thinking in the United States? 49) Describe the differences between how Americans define themselves and how other, older nations define what it means to be a part of their nations' political identity. 50) Define politics, power, and authority. 51) How could one argue that America is not run by a small power elite? 52) To what degree is American democracy majoritarian, and what are the limits to that majoritarianism?