(Test Bank) Lifespan Development In Context, A Topical Approach

Kuther, 1

Computer Science & Engineering

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Test Bank for Lifespan Development in Context, A Topical Approach, 1e Tara L. Kuther (All Chapters ) Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 Chapter 1: Understanding Human Development: Approaches and Theories Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. The ways in which people grow, change, and stay the same th roughout their lives, from conception to death, is known as ______ development. A. child B. lifespan human C. normative human D. contemporary Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: What Is Lifespan Human Development? Difficulty Level: Easy 2. ____ __ is the most obvious indicator of development. A. Change B. Stability C. Adulthood D. Brain lateralization Ans: A Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: What Is Lifespan Human Development? Difficulty Level: Medium 3. Throughout the lifespan, we change physically, cognitively, and psychosoci ally. This illustrates the notion that development is _____ _. A. static B. multidisciplinary C. plastic D. multidimensional Ans: D Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 Answer Location: Development Is Multidimensional Difficulty Level: Medium 4. Dr. Yang studies cross -cultural differences in body maturation and growth, including differences in body size, proportion, appearance, health, and perceptual abilities. Dr. Yang i s interested in _____ _ development. A. physical B. cognitive C. psychosocial D. interdisciplinary Ans: A Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Development Is Multidimensional Difficulty Level: Hard 5. _____ _ development includes the maturation of our thought processes and the tools that we use to obtain knowledge, become aware of the world around us, and solve problems. A. Physical B. Cognitive C. Psychosocial D. Lifespan Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Development Is Multidimensional Difficulty Level: Easy 6. Changes in personality, e motions, views of oneself, social skills, and interpersonal relationships with family and friends are called ______ development. A. physical B. cognitive C. socioemotional D. lifespan Ans: C Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Development Is Multidimensional Difficulty Level: Easy Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 7. As baby Sanjay’s physical development improves, he is able to crawl around and explore his environment. This advances his cog nitive development, as he learns about the size and shape of objects, as well as how they function. His newfound crawling skills also contribute to changes in Sanjay’s psychosocial development. For example, he may experience anger when he picks up a breaka ble object, only to have one of his parents take it away. In addition, Sanjay experiences happiness when his parents encourage his motor efforts and frustration when they remove him from an unsafe area, such as the stairs. This example shows that the three areas of development ______. A. confuse the infant B. are independent C. follow a single course D. overlap and interact Ans: D Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Development Is Multidimensional Difficulty Level: Hard 8. Research illustrates that development consists of both gains and losses, as well a s growth and decline, throughout the lifespan. This means that development is _____ _. A. multidimensional B. plastic C. multidisciplinary D. multidirectional Ans: D Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Development Is Multidirectional Difficulty Level: Easy 9. Allison is approaching her 60th birthday. She realizes that her eyesight and hearing are not as good as they used to be, and when visiting her daughter in graduate school, climbing the stairs to the fourth floor has become more difficult. However, Allison has also become more patient over the years, is better at solving difficult problems , and has a more confident and favorable view of herself than she had in her 20s and 30s. This example shows that development is ______. A. multidimensional B. multidisciplinary C. multidirectional D. plastic Ans: C Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five pr inciples of the lifespan developmental perspective. Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Development Is Multidirectional Difficulty Level: Hard 10. Because development is multidirectional, at all ages, individuals can compensate for losses by: A. accepting the inevitability of growing older. B. improving existing skills and developing new ones. C. seeking out developmentally supportive contexts. D. avoiding talking about them. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the li fespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Development Is Multidirectional Difficulty Level: Medium 11. The malleability or changeability of development is called ______. A. plasticity B. neuroscience C. lateralizat ion D. specialization Ans: A Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Development Is Plastic Difficulty Level: Easy 12. Following a stroke that affected his ba lance and muscle strength, Jose participated in 3 months of physical therapy. Today, Jose feels as strong as he did before the stroke and walks at least 10 miles a week for exercise. Jose’s ability to overcome his physical limitations after his stroke is a n example of: A. lateralization. B. plasticity. C. neuroscience. D. specialization. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Development Is Plastic Difficulty Level: Hard Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 13. According to research, which individual will likely show the greatest amount of plasticity following a brain injury? A. Janessa, who is 6 B. Derick, who is 25 C. Barb, who is 48 D. Able, who is 70 Ans: A Learning Objecti ve: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Development Is Plastic Difficulty Level: Hard 14. _____ _ refers to where and when a person develops. A. Plasticity B. Exosystem C. M icrosystem D. Context Ans: D Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Development Is Influenced by Multiple Contexts Difficulty Level: Easy 15. Millennial, peo ple who reached adulthood around the year 2000, are a generation born around the same time. Millennials are an example of a ______. A. subculture B. developmental domain C. cultural group D. cohort Ans: D Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Development Is Influenced by Multiple Contexts Difficulty Level: Medium 16. Experts and professionals with a diverse range of expertise co ntribute to our understanding of lifespan human development. This indicates that developmental science is: A. plastic. B. multidisciplinary. C. multidirectional. D. multidimensional. Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan d evelopmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Developmental Science Is Multidisciplinary Difficulty Level: Medium 17. Bailey is a graduate student in clinical psychology. As part of her training, Bailey works with children and families affected by autism. Each week, Bailey participates in a team meeting that consists of a school psychologist, social worker, speech and language therapist, and nursing students. The group discusses the various families with whom they work, as well as progress with individual clients. This example illustrates the importance of a ______ approach to understanding how people grow, think, and interact with their world. A. multidisciplinary B. contextual C. cultural D. multidirectional Ans: A Learning Ob jective: 1 -1: Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Developmental Science Is Multidisciplinary Difficulty Level: Hard 18. _____ _ development is characterized by slow and gradual change, whereas _____ _ development is characterized by abrupt change. A. Continuous; discontinuous B. Discontinuous; continuous C. Multidimensional; multidirectional D. Multidirectional; multidimensional Ans: A Learning Objective: 1 -2: Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Difficulty Level: Easy 19. Contemporary developmental scientists ag ree that development: A. cannot be characterized by either continuity or discontinuity. B. is primarily characterized by discontinuity. C. is primarily characterized by continuity. D. includes both continuity and discontinuity. Ans: D Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 Learning Objective: 1 -2: Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Difficulty Level: Medium 20. Baby Li is participating in a research study in which his ph ysical growth is measured once a day. Li’s parents were surprised to find out that monthly measurements of height showed gradual increases, but daily measurements revealed growth spurts that sometimes lasted up to 24 hours. This example supports the assert ion that physical growth is: A. primarily characterized by continuity. B. primarily characterized by discontinuity. C. both continuous and discontinuous. D. characterized neither by continuity nor discontinuity. Ans: C Learning Objective: 1 -2: Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Difficulty Level: Hard 21. Which is an example of discontinuous change? A. A middle -aged adult losing muscle and strength B. An adolescent experiencing puberty C. A small child expanding her vocabulary D. A young adult learning a new trade Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -2: Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development. Cognitive Dom ain: Application Answer Location: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Difficulty Level: Hard 22. People can take a(n) ______ role in their development by interacting and influencing the world around them. A. continuous B. discontinuous C. active D. passive Ans: C Learning Objective: 1 -2: Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Individuals Are Active in Development Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 Difficulty Level: Medium 23. Consider a person who is reluctant to engage with other people, asks few questions, and rarely interacts with his environment. What type of role is he taking in his development? A. Active B. Passive C. Continuous D. Discontinuous Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -2: Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Individuals Are Active in Development Difficulty Level: Hard 24. Today, most developmental scientists believe that people are ______ their own development. A. active contributors to B. unaware of C. often confused by D. indifferent toward Ans: A Learning Objective: 1 -2: Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Individuals Are A ctive in Development Difficulty Level: Easy 25. Neva believes that most people are mainly products of their environment. For example, if a child grows up in a warm, stimulating home, he or she will become a successful adult. If the same child grows up in poverty and experiences ineffective child - rearing, he or she will likely repeat those patterns in adulthood. Is Neva’s belief correct? A. Yes , most researchers believe that children are passive recipients of their environment and rarely contribute to their own development. B. Yes , parenting and socioeconomic status play a greater role in development than children’s attempts to engage the world around them. C. No , although people are influenced by the physical and psychosocial contexts in which they live, th ey also take an active role in shaping who they become. D. No , physical and psychosocial contexts play only a minor role in long -term developmental outcomes. Ans: C Learning Objective: 1 -2: Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development. Cognitive Domain: Application Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 Answer Location: Individuals Are Active in Development Difficulty Level: Hard 26. At the beginning of her first human development course in college, Vi wondered, “Am I the person I am today because of heredity, or did I become who I am because of my environment?” Vi’s question reflects the ______ issue in lifespan development. A. psychoanalytic –behaviorist B. active –passive C. continuities –discontinuities D. nature –nurture Ans: D Learning Objective: 1 -2: Discuss three the oretical controversies about human development. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Nature and Nurture Influence Development Difficulty Level: Hard 27. Explanations that rely on ______ indicate that inborn genetic endowments or heredity, maturational processes, and evolution are causes of developmental change. In contrast, explanations that point to ______ suggest that individuals are molded by the physical and social environment in which they are raised. A. nurture; nature B. na ture; nurture C. continuities; discontinuities D. discontinuities; continuities Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -2: Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Nature and Nurture Influence Devel opment Difficulty Level: Easy 28. Regarding the nature –nurture issue, today’s developmental scientists agree that ______. A. nature is more influential than nurture B. nurture is more influential than nature C. both nature and nurture are important D. neither nature nor nurture are significant Ans: C Learning Objective: 1 -2: Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Nature and Nurture Influence Development Difficulty Level: Medium Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 29. A ______ is a way of organizing a set of observations or facts into comprehensive explanations of how something works. A. theory B. hypothesis C. cohort D. research question Ans: A Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on hum an development. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Theoretical Perspectives on Human Development Difficulty Level: Easy 30. Scientists generate ______ or proposed explanations for a given phenomenon that can be tested by research. A. theories B. hypotheses C. cohorts D. subjective opinions Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Theoretical Perspectives on Human Development Difficulty Level: Easy 31. Professor Deloney is teaching a research methods class. In his lecture on how theories are generated, he points out that a good theory is ______ and can potentially be refuted. A. flawless B. similar to a hypothesis C. subjective D. falsifiable Ans: D Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Theoretical Perspectives on Human Development Difficulty Level: Hard 32. ______ theories describe development and behavio r as a result of the interplay of inner drives, memories, and conflicts of which we are unaware and cannot control. A. Psychoanalytic B. Behaviorist C. Social learning Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 D. Information processing Ans: A Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical per spectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Psychoanalytic Theories Difficulty Level: Easy 33. Which theorists is credited as the father of the psychoanalytic perspective? A. Lev Vygotsky B. Erik Erikson C. Sigmund Freud D. Charles Darwin Ans: C Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Freud’s Psychosexual Theory Difficulty Level: Easy 34. According to Freud’s theory, humans progress through a series of ______ or periods in which unconscious drives are focused on different parts of the body, making stimulation to those parts a source of pleasure. A. emotional conflicts B. psychosexual stages C. social crises D. personal dilemm as Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Freud’s Psychosexual Theory Difficulty Level: Medium 35. One of the most important criticisms of Freud’s theo ry is that it: A. overlooks the importance of the early parent –child relationship. B. emphasizes nature over nurture. C. focuses primarily on early child development. D. cannot be directly tested. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Freud’s Psychosexual Theory Difficulty Level: Medium Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 36. Erikson focused on the role of ______ in shaping development. A. the nuclear and extended family B. the social wor ld, society, and culture C. unconscious motivations and drives D. gender and sexuality Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory Difficulty Level: Medium 37. Erikson expanded upon Freud’s theory and proposed ______ stages of psychosocial development that include changes in how people understand and interact with others, as well as changes in how they understand themselves and their roles as members of society. A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10 Ans: C Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory Difficulty Level : Easy 38. In each of Erikson’s psychosocial stages, an individual faces a(n) _____ _ that must be resolved. A. crisis or conflict B. unconscious obstacle C. significant life stressor D. moral dilemma Ans: A Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoreti cal perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory Difficulty Level: Medium 39. ______ theory is regarded as one of the first lifespan views of development. A. Freud’s B. Erikson’s C. Skinner’s Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 D. Vygotsky’s Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory Difficulty Level: Easy 40. ______, which emerged as an alternative to psychoanalytic theories, focuses only on behavior that can be observed and objectively verified. A. Behaviorism B. Cognitive -developmental theory C. Sociocultural theory D. Ethology Ans: A Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theore tical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Behaviorist and Social Learning Theories Difficulty Level: Easy 41. Behaviorist theory is also known as ______ theory. A. sociocultural B. cognitive -developmental C. evo lutionary developmental D. learning Ans: D Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Behaviorist and Social Learning Theories Difficulty Level: Easy 42. Each time Isabella sits down to feed her baby a bottle, she gently strokes the baby’s head. One day, Isabella began stroking her daughter’s head and noticed that the baby started sucking, even though it wasn’t feeding time. The baby’s association between having her head stroked and the presentation of food is an example of ______. A. operant conditioning B. classical conditioning C. reinforcement D. social learning Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human developmen t. Cognitive Domain: Application Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context SAGE Publishing, 2018 Answer Location: Classical Conditioning Difficulty Level: Hard 43. ______ applies to physiological and emotional responses only. A. Classical conditioning B. Operant conditioning C. Reinforcement D. Punishment Ans: A Learn ing Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Classical Conditioning Difficulty Level: Medium 44. Tara is a 4-year-old girl who is very polite. Ever since she was able to talk, her mother expected her to say please and thank you. When Tara would behave politely, her mother would praise her. Tara’s behavior was shaped through ______. A. operant conditioning B. classical conditioning C. genetics D. modeling Ans: A Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Operant Conditioning Difficulty Level: Hard 45. According to ______, observational learning is one of the most powerful w ays in which we learn. A. operant conditioning B. social learning theory C. the bioecological model D. evolutionary theory Ans: B Learning Objective: 1 -3: Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Social Learning Theory Difficulty Level: Medium 46. According to the concept of ______, behavior is more likely to recur in the future if it is reinforced but less likely to recur if it is punished. A. classical conditioning