(Test Bank) Statistics: Informed Decisions Using Data

9780135820483, Sullivan, 6

Math & Statistics

Test Bank

6th Edition

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Test Bank for Statistics: Informed Decisions Using Data, The downloadable file consists of 503 pages, and the total size of the file is 3.49 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Sullivan

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Ch. 1 Data Collection 1.1 Introduction to the Practice of Statistics 1Define statistics and statistical thinking. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 1)What is statistics? Answer: Statistics is the science of collecting, summarizing, organizing, and analyzing information in order to answer questions or draw conclusions. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questi on. 2)Which of the following is not true of statistics? A)Statistics is used to answer questions with 100% certainty. B)Statistics involves collecting and summarizing data. C)Statistics can be used to organize and analyze information. D)Statistics is about providing a measure of confidence in any conclusions Answer: A 2Explain the process of statistics. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questi on. Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic. 1)In a survey conducted in the town of Atherton, 23% of adult respondents reported that they had been involved in at least one car accident in the past ten years. A)statistic B)parameter Answer: A 2)23.2% of the mayors of cities in an entire certain state are from minority groups. A)parameter B)statistic Answer: A 3)A study of 2,700 college students in the city of Pemblington found that 9% had been victims of violent crimes. A)statistic B)parameter Answer: A 4)51.6% of all the residents of Idlington Garden City are female. A)parameter B)statistic Answer: A 5)Telephone interviews of 316 employees of a large electronics company found that 45% were dissatisfied with their working conditions. A)statistic B)parameter Answer: A 6)The average age of the 65 students in Ms. Hope's political science class is 21 years 8 months. A)parameter B)statistic Answer: A Page 17)Mark retired from competitive athletics last year. In his whole career as a sprinter he had competed in the 100-meters event a total of 328 times. His average time for these 328 races was 10.25 seconds. A)parameter B)statistic Answer: A SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 8)A survey of 1,805 American households found that 71% of the households own a DVD recorder. Identify the population, the sample, and the individuals in the study. Answer: population: collection of all American households; sample: collection of 1,805 American households surveyed; individuals: each household 9)A survey of 1,242 American households found that 32% of the households own at least two bicycles. Identify the population, the sample, and the individuals in the study. Answer: population: collection of all American households; sample: collection of 1,242 American households surveyed; individuals: each household MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questi on. 10)Parking at a large university has become a very big problem. University administrators are intereste d in determining the average parking time (e.g. the time it takes a student to find a parking spot) of it s students. An administrator inconspicuously followed 190 students and carefully recorded their parking times. Identify the population of interest to the university administration. A)the parking times of the entire set of students that park at the university B)the parking times of the 190 students from whom the data were collected C)the entire set of faculty, staff, and students that park at the university D)the students that park at the university between 9 and 10 AM on Wednesdays Answer: A 11)A manufacturer of cellular phones has decided that an assembly line is operating satisfactorily if l ess than 0.0 1% of the phones produced per day are defective. To check the quality of a day's production, the comp any decides to randomly sample 60 phones from a day's production to test for defects. Define the population of interest to the manufacturer. A)all the phones produced during the day in question B)the 60 phones sampled and tested C)the 60 responses: defective or not defective D)the 0.0 1% of the phones that are defective Answer: A 12)A recent study attempted to estimate the proportion of Florida residents who were willing to spend m ore tax dollars on protecting the Florida beaches from environmental disasters. Twenty -one hundred Florida residents were surveyed. Which of the following is the population used in the study? A)all Florida residents B)the 2,100 Florida residents surveyed C)the Florida residents who were willing to spend more tax dollars on protecting the beaches from environmental disasters D)all Florida residents who lived along the beaches Answer: A Page 213)Parking at a large university has become a very big problem. University administrators are intereste d in determining the average parking time (e.g. the time it takes a student to find a parking spot) of it s students. An administrator inconspicuously followed 130 students and carefully recorded their parking times. Identify the sample of interest to the university administration. A)parking times of the 130 students B)parking time of a student C)location of the parking spot D)type of car (import or domestic) Answer: A 14)The legal profession conducted a study to determine the percentage of cardiologists who had been sue d for malpractice in the last five years. The sample was randomly chosen from a national directory of doctors. Identify the individuals in the study. A)each cardiologist selected from the directory B)the responses: have been sued/have not been sued for malpractice in the last five years C)the doctor's area of expertise (i.e., cardiology, pediatrics, etc.) D)all cardiologists in the directory Answer: A SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 15)Administrators at a large university want to know the average debt incurred by their graduates. Sur veys were mailed to 260 graduating seniors asking them to report their total student loan debt. Identify the population, sample, and individuals in the study. Answer: The population of interest is the student loan debt incurred by all graduates of the university. The sample is student loan debt of the 260 graduating seniors that were collected by the university administrators. The individuals are each graduating senior whose student loan debt was recorded. 16)A study was conducted to determine if listening to heavy metal music affects critical thinking. To t est the claim, 120 subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. Both groups were administered a basic math skills ex am. The first group took the exam while heavy metal music was piped into the exam room, while the second group took the exam in a silent room. The mean exam score for the first group was 82, and the mean exam score for the second group was 90. The researchers concluded that heavy metal music negatively affects critical thinking. Identify (a) the research objective, (b) the sample, (c) the descriptive statistics, and (d) the con clusions made in the study. Answer: (a) if listening to heavy metal music affects critical thinking (b) the 120 subjects (c) the mean exam score for the first group = 82, and the mean exam score for the second group was 90 (d) that heavy metal music negatively affects critical thinking 17)A telephone poll asked 1,122 registered voters "Would you vote for the current vice president if he ran for president?" Of these 1,122 respondents, 37% would vote for the current vice president if he ran for president. The administrators of the study concluded that 37% of all registered voters would vote for the current vice president if he ran for president. Identify (a) the research objective, (b) the sample, (c) the descriptive statistics, and (d) the conclusions made in the study. Answer: (a) to determine the percentage of registered voters who would vote for the current vice president i f he ran for president (b) the 1,122 registered voters surveyed (c) 37% of the respondents supported reelection (d) that 37% of all registered voters would vote for the current vice president if he ran for president Page 3MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questi on. 18)Which branch of statistics deals with the organization and summarization of collected information? A)Descriptive statistics B)Inferential statistics C)Survey design D)Computational statistics Answer: A 3Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative variables. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questi on. Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative. 1)the colors of book covers on a bookshelf A)qualitative B)quantitative Answer: A 2)the number of calls received at a company's help desk A)quantitative B)qualitative Answer: A 3)the number of seats in a school auditorium A)quantitative B)qualitative Answer: A 4)the numbers on the shirts of a football team A)qualitative B)quantitative Answer: A 5)the bank account numbers of the students in a class A)qualitative B)quantitative Answer: A 6)the weights of cases loaded onto an airport conveyor belt A)quantitative B)qualitative Answer: A 7)the temperatures of cups of coffee served at a restaurant A)quantitative B)qualitative Answer: A 8)the native languages of students in an English class A)qualitative B)quantitative Answer: A Page 4Solve the problem. 9)A bicycle manufacturer produces four different bicycle models. Information is summarized in the tabl e below: Model Series Number Weight Style Ascension A120 32 Mountain Road Runner B640 22 Road All Terrain C300 27 Hybrid Class Above D90 17 Racing Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative. A)series number: qualitative; weight: quantitative; style: qualitative B)series number: quantitative; weight: quantitative; style: qualitative C)series number: quantitative; weight: qualitative; style: qualitative D)series number: qualitative; weight: qualitative; style: qualitative Answer: A 10)An international relations professor is supervising four master's students. Information about the students is summarized in the table. Student Name Student Number Area of Interest GPA Anna 914589205 Africa 3.23 Pierre 981672635 Middle East 3.50 Juan 906539012 Latin America 3.80 Yoko 977530271 Asia 3.71 Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative. A)student number: qualitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: quantitative B)student number: quantitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: quantitative C)student number: quantitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: qualitative D)student number: qualitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: qualitative Answer: A Provide an appropriate response. 11)Quantitative variables classify individuals in a sample according to A)numerical measure. B)physical attribute. C)personality characteristic. D)exhibited trait. Answer: A 4Distinguish between discrete and continuous variables. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questi on. Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous. 1)the number of bottles of juice sold in a cafeteria during lunch A)discrete B)continuous Answer: A 2)the weight of a player on the wrestling team A)continuous B)discrete Answer: A 3)the cholesterol levels of a group of adults the day after Thanksgiving A)continuous B)discrete Answer: A Page 54)the low temperature in degrees Fahrenheit on January 1st in Cheyenne, Wyoming A)continuous B)discrete Answer: A 5)the number of goals scored in a hockey game A)discrete B)continuous Answer: A 6)the speed of a car on a Boston tollway during rush hour traffic A)continuous B)discrete Answer: A 7)the number of phone calls to the police department on any given day A)discrete B)continuous Answer: A 8)the age of the oldest employee in the data processing department A)continuous B)discrete Answer: A 9)the number of pills in an aspirin bottle A)discrete B)continuous Answer: A Provide an appropriate response. 10)The peak shopping time at a pet store is between 8 -11:00 am on Saturday mornings. Management at the pet store randomly selected 100 customers last Saturday morning and decided to observe their shopping habits. They recorded the number of items that a sample of the customers purchased as well as the total time the customers spent in the store. Identify the types of variables recorded by the pet store. A)number of items - discrete; total time - continuous B)number of items - continuous; total time - continuous C)number of items - continuous; total time - discrete D)number of items - discrete; total time - discrete Answer: A 11)The number of violent crimes committed in a city on a given day in a random sample of 50 days is a __________ random variable. A)discrete B)continuous Answer: A 12)Classify the following random variable: telephone area codes A)qualitative data B)experimental data C)quantitative continuous data D)quantitative discrete data Answer: A 13)A student is asked to rate a guest speaker's ability to communicate on a scale of poor -average -good -excellent. The student is to fill in a corresponding circle on a bubble form. This is an example of collecting what type of data? A)qualitative B)continuous C)discrete D)insightful Answer: A Page 65Determine the level of measurement of a variable. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questi on. Determine the level of measurement of the variable. 1)the musical instrument played by a music student A)nominal B)ratio C)ordinal D)interval Answer: A 2)the medal received (gold, silver, bronze) by an Olympic gymnast A)ordinal B)ratio C)nominal D)interval Answer: A 3)height of a tree A)ratio B)interval C)nominal D)ordinal Answer: A 4)the native language of a tourist A)nominal B)ratio C)ordinal D)interval Answer: A 5)the day of the month A)interval B)ratio C)nominal D)ordinal Answer: A 6)an officer's rank in the military A)ordinal B)ratio C)nominal D)interval Answer: A 7)weight of rice bought by a customer A)ratio B)interval C)nominal D)ordinal Answer: A 8)a student's favorite sport A)nominal B)ratio C)ordinal D)interval Answer: A 9)ranking (first place, second place, etc.) of contestants in a singing competition A)ordinal B)ratio C)nominal D)interval Answer: A 10)weight capacity of a backpack A)ratio B)interval C)nominal D)ordinal Answer: A 11)an evaluation received by a physics student (excellent, good, satisfactory, or poor). A)ordinal B)ratio C)nominal D)interval Answer: A 12)the year of manufacture of a car A)interval B)ratio C)nominal D)ordinal Answer: A Page 713)time spent playing basketball A)ratio B)interval C)nominal D)ordinal Answer: A 14)category of storm (gale, hurricane, etc.) A)ordinal B)ratio C)nominal D)interval Answer: A 1.2 Observational Studies versus Designed Experiments 1Distinguish between an observational study and an experiment. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questi on. Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment. 1)A medical researcher obtains a sample of adults suffering from diabetes. She randomly assigns 42 people to a treatment group and 42 to a placebo group. The treatment group receives a medication over a period of three months and the placebo group receives a placebo over the same time frame. At the end of three months the patients' symptoms are evaluated. A)experiment B)observational study Answer: A 2)A poll is conducted in which professional musicians are asked their ages. A)observational study B)experiment Answer: A 3)A pollster obtains a sample of students and asks them how they will vote on an upcoming referendum. A)observational study B)experiment Answer: A 4)The personnel director at a large company would like to determine whether the company cafeteria is w idely used by employees. She calls each employee and asks them whether they usually bring their own lunch, eat at the company cafeteria, or go out for lunch. A)observational study B)experiment Answer: A 5)A scientist was studying the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yield. She randomly assigned half o f the plots on a farm to group one and the remaining plots to group two. On the plots in group one, the new fertili zer was used for a year. On the plots in group two, the old fertilizer was used. At the end of the year the average crop yield for the plots in group one was compared with the average crop yield for the plots in group two . A)experiment B)observational study Answer: A 6)A researcher obtained a random sample of 100 smokers and a random sample of 100 nonsmokers. After interviewing all 200 participants in the study, the researcher compared the rate of depression among the smokers with the rate of depression among nonsmokers. A)observational study B)experiment Answer: A Provide an appropriate response. 7)True or False: Observational studies allow the researcher to claim causation, not just association. A)False B)True Answer: A Page 88)True or False: Experiments intentionally manipulate the value of an explanatory variable. A)True B)False Answer: A 2Explain the various types of observational studies. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questi on. Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain. 1)Researchers wanted to determine whether there was an association between high blood pressure and the suppression of emotions. The researchers looked at 1800 adults enrolled in a Health Initiative Obser vational Study. Each person was interviewed and asked about their response to emotions. In particular they we re asked whether their tendency was to express or to hold in anger and other emotions. The degree of suppress ion of emotions was rated on a scale of 1 to 10. Each person's blood pressure was also measured. The resear chers analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between high blood pressure and t he suppression of emotions. A)cross -sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time. B)cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. C)case-control; Individuals are asked to look back in time. Answer: A 2)Researchers wanted to determine whether there was an association between city driving and stomach ul cers. They selected a sample of 900 young adults and followed them for a twenty -year period. At the start of the study none of the participants was suffering from a stomach ulcer. Each person kept track of the num ber of hours per week they spent driving in city traffic. At the end of the study each participant underwen t tests to determine whether they were suffering from a stomach ulcer. The researchers analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between city driving and stomach ulcers. A)cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. B)cross -sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time. C)case-control; Individuals are asked to look back in time. Answer: A 3)A researcher wanted to determine whether women with children are more likely to develop anxiety diso rders than women without children. She selected a sample of 900 twenty -year old women and followed them for a twenty -year period. At the start of the study, none of the women had children. By the end of the study 53% of the women had at least one child. The level of anxiety of each participant was evaluated at the begi nning and at the end of the study and the increase (or decrease) in anxiety was recorded. The researchers anal yzed the results to determine whether there was an association between anxiety and having children. A)cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. B)cross -sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time. C)case-control; Individuals are asked to look back in time. Answer: A 4)Vitamin D is important for the metabolism of calcium and exposure to sunshine is an important source of vitamin D. A researcher wanted to determine whether osteoperosis was associated with a lack of expos ure to sunshine. He selected a sample of 250 women with osteoperosis and an equal number of women without osteoperosis. The two groups were matched - in other words they were similar in terms of age, diet, occupation, and exercise levels. Histories on exposure to sunshine over the previous twenty years we re obtained for all women. The total number of hours that each woman had been exposed to sunshine in th e previous twenty years was estimated. The amount of exposure to sunshine was compared for the two gro ups. A)case-control; Individuals are asked to look back in time B)cross -sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time. C)cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. Answer: A Page 95)Can money buy happiness? A researcher wanted to determine whether there was any association between economic status and happiness. She selected a sample of 1000 adults and interviewed them. Each perso n was asked about their financial situation and their level of happiness was evaluated. The researcher ana lyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between economic status and happiness. A)cross -sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time. B)cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. C)case-control; Individuals are asked to look back in time. Answer: A 6)A researcher wanted to determine whether colon cancer was associated with eating meat. He selected a sample of 500 men with colon cancer and an equal number of men without colon cancer. The two groups were matched - in other words they were similar in terms of age, occupation, income, and exercise levels. Historie s on the amount of meat consumed over the previous twenty years were obtained for all men. The total a mount of meat that each man eaten in the previous twenty years was estimated. The meat consumption was compared for the two groups. A)case-control; Individuals are asked to look back in time B)cross -sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time. C)cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. Answer: A 1.3 Simple Random Sampling 1Obtain a simple random sample. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questi on. Provide an appropriate response. 1)The government of a town needs to determine if the city's residents will support the construction of a n ew town hall. The government decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the city's residents. Whi ch one of the fol lowing procedures would be least appropriate for obtaining a sample of the town's residents? A)Survey the first 300 people listed in the town's telephone directory. B)Survey a random sample of persons within each geographic region of the city. C)Survey a random sample of employees at the old city hall. D)Survey every 8th person who walks into city hall on a given day. Answer: A 2)The city council of a small town needs to determine if the town's residents will support the buildin g of a new library. The council decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the town's residents. Which one of the following procedures would be least appropriate for obtaining a sample of the town's residents? A)Survey a random sample of librarians who live in the town. B)Survey a random sample of persons within each neighborhood of the town. C)Survey 300 individuals who are randomly selected from a list of all people living in the state in which the town is located. D)Survey every 15th person who enters the old library on a given day. Answer: A Page 103)The policy committee at State University has 6 members: Jose, John , Prof. Rise , Dr. Hernandez , LaToyna , and Ming . A subcommittee of two members must be formed to investigate the visitation policy in the dormitori es. List all possible simple random samples of size 2. A)Jose and John , Jose and Prof. Rise , Jose and Dr. Hernandez , Jose and LaToyna , Jose and Ming , John and Prof. Rise , John and Dr. Hernandez , John and LaToyna , John and Ming , Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez , Prof. Rise and LaToyna , Prof. Rise and Ming , Dr. Hernandez and LaToyna , Dr. Hernandez and Ming , LaToyna and Ming B)Jose and John , Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez , LaToyna and Ming C)Jose and John , John and Prof. Rise , Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez , Dr. Hernandez and LaToyna , LaToyna and Ming D)Jose and John , Jose and Prof. Rise , Jose and Dr. Hernandez , Jose and LaToyna , Jose and Ming Answer: A 4)Select a random sample of five state capitals from the list below using the two digit list of random numbers provided. Begin with the uppermost left random number and proceed down each column. When a column is complete , use the numbers at the top of the next right column and proceed down that column. State Capitals A)Springfield, IL; Atlanta,GA; Providence, RI; Santa Fe, NM; Columbus OH. B)Springfield, IL; Des Moines, IA; Boston, MA; Santa Fe, NM; Columbus OH. C)Carson City NV; Boise ID; Atlanta, GA; Cheyenne, WY; Boston, MA. D)Boston, MA; Concord, NH; Dover DE; Santa Fe, NM; Richmond, VA. Answer: A Page 11 5)The top 38 cities in Wisconsin as determined by population are given below. Select a random sample of four cities from the list below using the two digit list of random numbers provided. Begin with the uppe rmost left random number and proceed down each column. When a column is complete, use the numbers at the top o f the next right column and proceed down that column. Information was obtained from the web site http://www.citypopulation.de/USA -Wisconsin.html. Wisconsin Cities by Population A)Manitowoc, La Crosse, Franklin, Oshkosh. B)Manitowoc, Appleton, Greenfield, Fond du Lac. C)Milwaukee, Madison, Green Bay, Kenosha. D)Milwaukee, Eau Claire, New Berlin, West Bend. Answer: A 1.4 Other Effective Sampling Methods 1Determine the appropriate sampling type MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questi on. Identify the type of sampling used. 1)Thirty -five math majors, 34 music majors and 65 history majors are randomly selected from 244 math majors, 453 music majors and 550 history majors at the state university. What sampling technique is used? A)stratified B)simple random C)cluster D)convenience E)systematic Answer: A 2)Every fifth adult entering an airport is checked for extra security screening. What sampling techniq ue is used? A)systematic B)simple random C)cluster D)convenience E)stratified Answer: A Page 12 3)At a local technical school, five auto repair classes are randomly selected and all of the students from each class are interviewed. What sampling technique is used? A)cluster B)simple random C)convenience D)systematic E)stratified Answer: A 4)A writer for an art magazine randomly selects and interviews fifty male and fifty female artists. Wh at sampling technique is used? A)stratified B)simple random C)cluster D)convenience E)systematic Answer: A 5)A travel industry researcher interviews all of the passengers on five randomly selected cruises. Wha t sampling technique is used? A)cluster B)simple random C)convenience D)systematic E)stratified Answer: A 6)A statisticsstudent interviews everyone in his apartment building to determine what percent of peopl e own a cell phone. What sampling technique is used? A)convenience B)simple random C)cluster D)systematic E)stratified Answer: A 7)A lobbyist for the oil industry assigns a number to each senator and then uses a computer to randoml y generate ten numbers. The lobbyist contacts the senators corresponding to these numbers. What sampli ng technique was used? A)simple random B)convenience C)cluster D)stratified E)systematic Answer: A 8)Based on 9,000 responses from 44,500 questionnaires sent to all its members, a major medical association estimated that the annual salary of its members was $ 122,500 per year. What sampling technique was used? A)simple random B)stratified C)cluster D)convenience E)systematic Answer: A Page 139)In a recent Twitter survey, participants were asked to answer "yes" or "no" to the question "Are you in favor of stricter gun control?" 6571 responded "yes" while 5237 responded "no". What sampling technique was used? A)convenience B)simple random C)cluster D)stratified E)systematic Answer: A 10)A sample consists of every 35th worker from a group of 5000 workers. What sampling technique was used? A)systematic B)simple random C)cluster D)stratified E)convenience Answer: A 11)A market researcher randomly selects 400 homeowners under 60 years of age and 200 homeowners over 60 years of age. What sampling technique was used? A)stratified B)simple random C)cluster D)convenience E)systematic Answer: A 12)To avoid working late, the plant foreman inspects the first 30 microwaves produced that day. What sampling technique was used? A)convenience B)simple random C)cluster D)stratified E)systematic Answer: A 13)The names of 80 employees are written on 80 cards. The cards are placed in a bag, and three names are picked from the bag. What sampling technique was used? A)simple random B)stratified C)cluster D)convenience E)systematic Answer: A 14)An education researcher randomly selects 90 of the nation's junior colleges and interviews all of the professors at each school. What sampling technique was used? A)cluster B)simple random C)stratified D)convenience E)systematic Answer: A Page 14