(Test Bank) Davis'S Q&A For The Nclex-Rn Examination

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DAVIS'S Q&A FOR THE NCLEX-RN EXAMINATION By Kathleen A. Ohman, RN, CCRN, MS, EdD ISBN-13: 987-0-8036-2187-9 ISBN-10: 0-8036-2187-6 882 PAGES2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page i2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page ii2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page iii2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page ivDavis’s Q&A for the NCLEX-RN® Examination Kathleen A. Ohman, RN, CCRN, MS, EdD Professor of Nursing College of St. Benedict/St. John’s UniversitySt. Joseph, Minnesota2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page vF. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2010 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 2010 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part ofit may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher, Nursing: Robert G. Martone Director of Content Development: Darlene D. Pedersen Sr. Project Editor: Padraic J. Maroney Design and Illustrations Manager: Carolyn O’Brien Developmental Editor: Allison Hale As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make thisbook accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s),editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care usedin regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to checkproduct information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindicationsbefore administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ohman, Kathleen A. Davis’s Q&A for the NCLEX-RN(r) examination / Kathleen A. Ohman. p. ; cm. Other tittle: Q&A for the NCLEX-RN(r) examinationIncludes bibliographical references and index.ISBN-13: 987-0-8036-2187-9ISBN-10: 0-8036-2187-6 1. Nursing–Examinations, questions, etc. I. Title. II. Title: Q&A for the NCLEX-RN(r) examination. [DNLM: 1. Nursing Care–Examination Questions. WY 18.2 O38d 2010]RT55.O35 2010610.73076–dc22 2010005467 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients,is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transac-tional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separatesystem of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is:8036-1169-2/04 0 + $.25.2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page vivii To Mike and Kris Ohman, Shelly Bass, Garret Ohman, and Donna Walberg for being there especially when I needed love, hugs, and encouragement. To Garret, my grandson, who is the light of my life, for being such a happy toddler, sharing every weekend with us, and providing a wonderful distraction at just the right times. To the loving memory of my father, Dean Domino, who helped me through the struggles of writing my first college essay and my mother, Loretta Domino, for her love of my family of12 brothers and sisters and the many prayers for her children’s success. To the students who have inspired me to write this book. “To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven...” Ecclesiastes 3:1 2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page vii2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page viiiix Foreword I never expected to be a professor of nursing. My career objective was to be a proficient nurse, meeting the needs ofpatients and families. The opportunity to teach came to merather than me seeking the opportunity. My teaching careerbegan when I was approached to temporally relieve a fac-ulty member who was pursuing her master’s degree in nurs-ing. Once I became engrossed in teaching, I never left. I ampassionate about student learning, facilitating students toreach beyond their expectations to become the best nursespossible. This temporary teaching position was a turning point in my career. For the next 11 years I taught in a diploma nurs-ing program. When the program closed, I taught at a techni-cal college, then an associate degree nursing program, andthen I began teaching at the baccalaureate level. This yearwill be my 35th year teaching. Although my primary position is a professor of nurs- ing, I continue to practice as a staff nurse in a hospital set-ting in the medical-surgical and critical care areas where Ialso supervise nursing students. I truly love both worlds:working as a nurse and teaching students. My teaching andpractice experiences over the years have included teachingin medical-surgical nursing, critical care, fundamentals,leadership and management, gerontology, pharmacology,pathophysiology, women’s health issues, South Africanhealth care, and nutrition. I have supervised students clini-cally in the hospital areas including medical-surgical, criti-cal care, the operating room, pediatrics, and maternity andin a nursing home and other community settings. A high-light of my teaching was taking a group of 13 nursing stu-dents to Port Elizabeth, South Africa for 4 1/2months in the fall of 2006. While in South Africa, students completedtheir medical-surgical and critical care nursing experiencesin public and private hospitals and township clinics in PortElizabeth and the surrounding townships.Through my teaching career, I have observed the strug- gles of students taking NCLEX-RN ®-type examination questions and assisted many students to overcome their test-taking anxiety. In classes I teach, I address successful test-taking strategies, provide many test items for students topractice, and encourage students to take as many practiceitems as possible prior to taking the licensure examination. My interest in helping students with test-taking meth- ods began early in my teaching career. To hone my ownitem-writing abilities and to refine my methods, I pursuedexperiences so that I could further help students be success-ful. My experiences include serving twice as an item-writerfor the NCLEX-RN ®examination, contributing as an item and chapter writer for multiple products pertaining to the licensure examination, and teaching review courses for theNCLEX-RN ®examination. My experiences teaching stu- dents the strategies to achieve success and overcoming theobstacles associated with preparing for the NCLEX-RN ® Examination led me to dream of writing this book. My path to writing this book, however, follows a simi- lar path as my career in teaching. This book was a dreamthat has now become reality. As with the start of my teach-ing career, the timing was right and the opportunity came tome, rather than me pursuing the opportunity. For this rea-son, I heartily thank Robert Martone, Publisher, F. A. Davis,for contacting me and making this dream come to fruition. I also thank you and am pleased that you will be using this book to make your dream of a registered nurse a reality.This book is an opportunity for your success. I like to believethat you were led to this book as I was led to write it for youand your success. I congratulate you on your accomplish-ments thus far and wish you success and a bright future innursing. You have selected an awesome profession! Kathleen Ann Ohman, RN, CCRN, MS, EdD2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page ix2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page xxi Preface THE STUDY PACKAGE Davis’s Q&A for the NCLEX-RN®Examination is a study package reflective of the latest 2010 NCLEX-RN®Detailed Test Plan and incorporates the latest changes in the NCLEX-RN®Examination! This package provides you with a question and answer (Q&A) review book, an accom- panying CD-ROM, and access to the DavisPlus Web site (http://da visplus.f adavis.com ). Up-to-date information is provided to promote your success on the National Council Licensing Examination for Registered Nurses(NCLEX-RN ®). As you embark on this study package, you will find numerous pedagogical features to facilitate yourlearning whether preparing for course tests or for theNCLEX-RN ®Examination. KEY FEATURES To ensure your success on the NCLEX-RN®examination and to meet your own study and preparation style, key features are incorporated in this study package. ●More than 5000 questions similar to those on the actual NCLEX-RN ®examination. • The book contains 2007 questions, including all item formats found on the actual NCLEX-RN® examination. • The accompanying CD-ROM includes all items from the book and an additional 3005 questions. • Access to DavisPlus Web site (http://da visplus.f adavis. com) provides audio format questions (a new item for- mat implemented with the NCLEX-RN®Examination (effective April 2010) and other resources to enhanceyour study. ●Questions are written at the higher levels of cognitivedomain. Effective April 2010, the NCLEX-RN ®Exami- nation passing standard is 0.05 logits higher than theprevious standard. Although candidates writing the exami- nation will have a minimum of 75 questions or a maximumof 265 questions, this means that candidates will need to getmore items or more of the difficult items correct to pass theexamination. Practice with more difficult items is essential! ●NEW audio and graphic format questions are included. These alternate item types are a part of the NCLEX-RN ®examination effective April 2010. ●All item formats on the examination are included inthis study package: • Multiple choice• Multiple response • Fill in the blank• Hot-spot• Ordered response (prioritization; drag and drop items)• Chart or exhibit • Graphic• Audio (via the DavisPlus Web site: http://da visplus. fadavis.com ) ●Over 1350 alternate item format questions are in-cluded throughout the study package. There are more alternate item format questions in this package than inany other NCLEX-RN ®Q&A package. Each test contains multiple choice questions and alternate format items reflective of the NCLEX-RN ®examination. ●Review tests are organized by content areas. Organiza-tion by content areas facilitates your review for course-specific tests as well as a means of systematic review in preparation for the NCLEX-RN ®examination. ●All Client Need categories and subcategories identified in the 2010 NCLEX-RN®Detailed Test Plan are repre- sented in this study package. Questions target every component of the test plan including the Client Need cat- egories, subcategories, and outcome statements to ensurea comprehensive coverage of the behaviors expected of anentry-level registered nurse. Each question identifies theClient Need category and subcategory. ●An answer and rationale section is included with eachquestion in the practice tests. These provide immediatefeedback when answering questions and help refresh orbuild your knowledge base when progressing to the com-prehensive tests. The answer and rationale section for thecomprehensive tests is after the questions. This mimics anactual exam and allows you to evaluate your progress instudying for the NCLEX-RN ®exam. ●Evidence-based citations (research studies, summariesof research, or evidence-based resources) support thecorrect option for 1190 questions. Currently, no other NCLEX-RN ®Q&A or content review books emphasize the evidence-base even though it is being stressed in nursing education and practice.2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page xi●All questions are supported by current nursing refer- ences. References are included so that you can feel confi- dent that every question reflects current nursing practice.Page numbers are also included for your ease in findingthe information for additional study on a topic. ●All questions include the categories used by the 2010NCLEX-RN ®Detailed Test Plan. The Client Need cate- gory and subcategory, integrated processes category (i.e.,the nursing process, caring, teaching/learning, and com-munication and documentation), content area and subarea,and cognitive domain level are all included with eachquestion to assist you in focusing on areas that you mayneed to review. You can feel secure that the expectationsin the 2010 NCLEX-RN ®Detailed Test Plan are com- prehensively covered in this Q&A package. ●Test-taking tips are noted in the answer and rationalesection. Strategies for selecting the correct option are in- cluded to assist you when you are unsure of the answerand must guess on a question. Tips for remembering keypoints are addressed with multiple questions to enhancerecalling the information in future questions. ●Comprehensive examinations are uniquely designed toparallel the percentage of test questions assigned toeach client needs category and subcategory of theNCLEX-RN ®Detailed Test Plan. The Q&A book con- tains two 75-item comprehensive exams that parallel theNCLEX-RN ®categories of client need and the respective percentages. The CD-ROM contains one 275-item com-prehensive exam which reflects a 265-item NCLEX-RN ® exam with 10 additional trial questions. ●Stand-alone pharmacology practice tests and inte-grated pharmacology questions are included in thisstudy package. More than 900 questions are included in this study package on pharmacology and parenteral therapies. Because 13-19% of questions on the NCLEX-RN ®Exam pertain to pharmacological and par- enteral therapies, taking practice tests that focuses on justpharmacology should boost your confidence in this area. BOOK ORGANIZATION This question and answer book is divided into two distinctsections. Section I consists of four chapters and provides background and orientation to the NCLEX-RN ®examina- tion, as well as chapters on test-taking strategies and guid-ance for international and repeat test-takers. Section I alsohighlights changes in the examination based on the 2010 NCLEX-RN ®Detailed Test Plan. Section II consists of seven chapters comprising 48 practice tests and two comprehensive tests. The practicetests in these chapters address subject areas within nursingand are organized around the major themes in the 2010NCLEX-RN ®Detailed Test Plan. Content areas within sec- tion II include Management of care (such as ethical, legal, and safety issues in nursing, leadership and management,prioritization and delegation, teaching and learning, com-munication, and cultural diversity), Safety and infectioncontrol: Fundamental concepts of nursing (such as basic care and comfort, medication administration, disaster pre-paredness, and infection control) and the more traditionalcontent areas of nursing including medical-surgical, geron-tological, obstetric/newborn, pediatric, and mental healthnursing. Pharmacology is emphasized in four specialized,stand-alone practice tests which are organized by subjectarea. Additional questions pertaining to pharmacology are integrated in the medication administration tests, other con-tent tests, and the comprehensive tests. Over 900 pharma-cology questions are included within the book and CD. Finally, Section II includes two comprehensive exams reflecting all the subject areas covered in the book and onthe NCLEX-RN ®Exam. Both of these tests are at a higher level of difficulty and include 75 questions, the minimumnumber included on the NCLEX-RN ®exam itself. A student who performs well on these comprehensive exams should finish the book feeling well prepared for the NCLEX-RN ®Examination. THE CD-ROM The CD-ROM accompanying this book contains more than 5000 questions—all of the questions from the bookplus an additional 3000 questions. You can take a 275-itemcomprehensive test or choose various options to selectquestions. Questions are categorized by content areas,client need, client need subcategories, integrated processesincluding nursing process, cognitive level, and alternateitem formats. These features allow you to customize yourreview and to determine your areas of strength and weak-ness. The extent of categorization is particularly usefulwhen studying for exams within your nursing courses orpreparing for a standardized test. The CD-ROM also has adiagnostic feature to allow you to assess your knowledgeand to evaluate your study. These diagnostic capabilitieswill enhance your ability to focus your study on your targeted needs. HOW TO USE THIS STUDY PACKAGE It is important that you read the introductory book chaptersso you become familiar with the NCLEX-RN ®Examination and the Test Plan. Little attention may have been directed atthe Test Plan within your nursing program. It is best toknow what is being tested before embarking on a studypath. Focus on the test-taking strategies and tips included inthe introductory chapters and how to apply them when answering the questions. The test-taking tips will help you to remember key information. Once you have read the introductory chapters, you are ready to develop a plan and begin your practice with thetest questions. Use the PQRST APPROACH presented in Chapter 3. Remember, success begins with a positive mind-set. Focus on your goal, use positive self-talk and self-reassurance as you complete the practice questions,and keep consistent with your study plan.xii Preface2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page xiiAfter you answer the questions, be sure to read the ratio- nales for the correct and incorrect options and the test-taking tips. These provide you with significant information that willhelp you to understand the basis for the correct option andwhy the other options are incorrect. The test-taking tip pro-vides a method for selecting an option when you are unsureof the answer or a cue for remembering the information. As you study, use the CD-ROM to select additional questions in a content area especially if you did poorly on apractice test. Each of the 48 practice tests has approximately100 questions between the book and the CD-ROM and theCD-ROM features will allow customizing the questions tomeet your needs. Using the CD-ROM intermittently through-out your review will also enhance your proficiency in readingand answering questions from the computer screen and pre-pare you to take the NCLEX-RN ®Exam on the computer. Use the other features of the CD-ROM to take practice tests of 265 questions. This number reflects the maximumnumber of questions that a student can take on theNCLEX-RN ®. Allow yourself 5 hours to complete 265 ques- tions, which is the maximum amount of time allowed on theactual exam, and then evaluate your ability. Once you areconsistently answering 75-80% of the questions correctly,you can feel confident that you are well prepared. Preface xiii2187_FM_i-xxiv.qxd 3/5/10 12:58 PM Page xiii