(Test Bank) Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts And Clinical Perspectives

Capriotti,Frizzell, 1

Medicine

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Author(s): Capriotti, Frizzell

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Test Bank for Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives, 1e Theresa Capriotti, Joan Parker Frizzell Chapter 1: The Cell in Health and Illness Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Which statement regarding the sodium -potassium pump is correct? 1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions. 2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment. 3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell compartment. 4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions. ____ 2. What is the process in which glucose is used to create energy? 1. Autolysis 2. Glycolysis 3. Heterolysis 4. None of the above ____ 3. How many adenosine triphosphates ( ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism? 1. 2 2. 3 3. 34 4. None of the above ____ 4. Which cell organelles are believed to have once been self -sustaining and independent? 1. Ribosomes 2. Mitochondria 3. Ribonucleic acid 4. Deoxyribonucleic acid ____ 5. Why is more energy produced when a person is exercising? 1. There is an increase in the synthesis of protein. 2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells. 3. There is an increase in the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid. 4. There is an increase in the production of mitochondria in the muscle cells. ____ 6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease? 1. During endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress 2. During the synthesis of ATP 3. During severe hypoxic state 4. During the processing of prohormone ____ 7. The cellular organelle responsible for propelling mucous and inhaled debris out of the lungs is 1. cilia. 2. microfilament. 3. secretory vesicle. 4. endoplasmic reticulum. ____ 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells? 1. Actin and myosin 2. Myosin and tubulin 3. Tubulin and actin 4. None of the above ____ 9. Which deficiency causes Tay -Sach’s disease? 1. Proteasome 2. Peroxisome 3. Macrophage 4. Lysosomal enzymes ____ 10. Adrenoleukodystrophy is characterized by 1. Accumulation of ganglioside. 2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis. 3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity. 4. Accumulation of long chain fatty acid s in the nervous system. ____ 11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct? 1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded. 2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations. 3. During ER stress, accumulation of long chain fatty acids occurs in the nervous system. 4. During ER stress, accumulation of non -degraded substances occurs in the cells. ____ 12. Which is referred to as the protein factory of the cell? 1. Ribosome 2. Mitochondria 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Endoplasmic reticulum ____ 13. Which acts as a blue print for the construction of proteins? 1. Transfer RNA 2. Ribosomal RNA 3. Messenger RNA 4. Mitochondrial DNA ____ 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis as he or she ascends a mountain during a long, steep climb. What is the reason for these symptoms? 1. Cellular hypoxia 2. Autolysis 3. Heterolysis 4. Cellular edema ____ 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate? 1. The precise pairing of the nitrogenous bases 2. The presence of pyrimidines bases 3. The presence of nucleotides 4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond ____ 16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon? 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. None of the above ____ 17. The DNA is a polymer of 1. Nucleotides. 2. Amino acids. 3. Fatty acids. 4. Phosphates. ____ 18. What is the function of ribosomal ribonucleic acid during protein synthesis? 1. It transports genetic information from the DNA for protein synthesis. 2. It gathers and joins the amino acids for specific proteins. 3. It is directly involved in the formation of ribosomes. 4. None of the above. ____ 19. Tetracycline antibiotic was given to a 30 year old client with Chlamydia infection. What is the mechan ism of action of the drug? 1. It prevents the replication of bacteria. 2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm. 3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes. 4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria. ____ 20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place? 1. Ribosome 2. Golgi apparatus 3. Secretory granule 4. Endoplasmic reticulum ____ 21. Which is the cell’s “master mind”? 1. Nucleus 2. Ribosome 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Endoplasmic reticulum Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. ____ 22. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply . 1. Microtubules are solid. 2. Microtubules are flexible. 3. Microtubules are composed of tubulin. 4. Microtubules are called actin filaments. 5. Microtubules comprise of centrioles and mitotic spindle. ____ 23. Which structures are found in microtubules? Select all that apply. 1. Cilia 2. Centrioles 3. Mitotic spindle 4. Actin filaments 5. Secretory vesicles ____ 24. What are the characteristics of ribonucleic acid? Select all that apply. 1. Presence of ribose pentose sugar 2. Presence of single stranded helix 3. Presence of double stranded helix 4. Presence of deoxyribose pentose sugar 5. Presence of uracil and cytosine as pyrimidine base ____ 25. Which are the purine bases found in deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid? Select all that apply. 1. Uracil 2. Adenine 3. Guanine 4. Thymine 5. Cytosine Chapter 1: The Cell in Health and Illness Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: 4 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 4 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Moderate Heading: The Sodium Potassium Pump Integrated Process: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 The plasma membrane of the cell is less soluble to sodium ions and more soluble to potassium ions. 2 The concentration of sodium ions should be higher outside the cell compartment. 3 The concentration of potassium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment. 4 In active transport, for every three sodium ions pumped out, there are two potassium ions pumped in. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 2. ANS: 2 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 5 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Mitochondria Integrated Process: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Autolysis is the process in which the lysosome releases digestive enzymes to destroy cell parts when a cell dies. 2 Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is used to create energy. 3 Heterolysis is the process in which the lysosomes digest foreign ma tter ingested by macrophages. 4 Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down and used for energy. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 3. ANS: 3 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 5 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Mitochondria Integrated Process: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 In anaerobic energy metabolism, two ATPs and pyruvic acid are produced. 2 In active transport, three sodium ions are pumped out. This takes place in the plasma membrane. 3 The process of aerobic energy requires oxygen and provides maximum amount of energy for cellular function. The process yields 34 ATPs. 4 The answer option n one of the above is incorrect. Aerobic energy metabolism produces 34 ATPs. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 4. ANS: 2 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 5 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Mitochondria Integrated Process: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Ribosomes are small, spherical shaped organelles of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid. They have not likely evolved from self -sustaining or independent organisms. 2 Mitochondria are cellular organelles that have their own DNA. They are believed to have once been independent and self -sustaining but, over the course of evolution, they were incorporated into human cells. 3 Ribonucleic acid is single stranded and can travel to sites outside the nucleus, but ribonucleic acid is not likely evolved from self -sustai ning or independent organisms. 4 Deoxyribonucleic acid contains double stranded helical chains containing various sequences of nucleotides. Deoxyribonucleic acid is not thought to have evolved from self-sustaining organisms. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 5. ANS: 4 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 5 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Mitochondria Integrated Process: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Protein synthesis is the function of ribosomes. An increase in the synthesis of proteins does not yiel d energy and is not directly related to exercise. 2 In aerobic energy metabolism, two adenosine triphosphate and pyruvic acid are produced. The increase in the production of pyruvic acid does not produce more energy. 3 Conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid in cellular hypoxia is noxious to cells and does not create energy. 4 Exercise stimulates an increase in the number of mitochondria formed in the muscle cells. This process leads to the conversion of oxygen into energy. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 6. ANS: 3 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 6 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Ribosomes Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Ribosomal protein synthesis does not cease during endoplasmic reticulum stress. 2 ATP is synthesized in the energy metabolism. It does not interfere with protein synthesis. 3 When the cells are deprived of adequate oxygen supply, the ribosomal protein synthesis ceases. 4 The processing of prohormones to hormones does not cease the process of protein synthesis. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 7. ANS: 1 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 7 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Microtubules and Microfilaments Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 The cilia are responsible for propelling the mucous and inhaled debris out of the lungs using a sweeping moti on. 2 Microfilaments help in changing the shape of the certain cells, such as macrophages, and also help with contraction of muscle. 3 Secretory vesicles store substances, such as hormones, that are secreted by cells before they are released into the extracell ular space. 4 The endoplasmic reticulum aids in the transport of the synthesized protein from the ribosomes to the Golgi apparatus. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 8. ANS: 1 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 7 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Microtubules and Microfilaments Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowle dge [Remembering] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Actin and myosin are the key proteins in the contractile unit of the muscle cells. 2 Myosin and tubulin are not the key elements in the contractile units of the muscle cells because tubulin is associated with microtubules formation. 3 Tubulin and actin are not the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells. Microtubules a re hollow filaments composed of tubulin. So tubulin is associated with microtubules formation. 4 The answer option none of the above is incorrect. Actin and myosin are the key proteins in the contractile unit of the muscle cells. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 9. ANS: 4 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 6 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Lysosomes Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 A deficiency of proteasome in the cell does not cause Tay -Sach’s disease. Proteasome is an organelle, w hich contains digestive enzymes similar to lysosomes. Proteasomes degrade polypeptide chains and proteins. 2 A deficiency of peroxisomes in the cell does not cause Tay -Sach’s disease. Peroxisomes contain digestive enzymes such as lysosomes. Peroxisomes break down the long chain fatty acids and free radicals. 3 A deficiency of macrophages in the body does not cause Tay -Sach’s disease. Macrophage is the major defensive white bl ood cells of the body. Macrophages contain a large number of lysosomes. 4 Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes such as lysozyme, proteases, and lipases to degrade the ingested foreign substances and cellular debris. Tay -Sach’s disease is a rare genetic di sorder that is caused by the deficiency of lysosomal enzymes. It results because of the buildup of lipids in the brain and spinal cord. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 10. ANS: 4 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 6 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Proteasomes and Peroxisomes Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Comprehens ion [Understanding] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 The deficiency of lysosomal enzymes causes the accumulation of ganglioside in the central nervous system. Tay -Sach’ s disease is characterized by the accumulation of ganglioside in the central nervous system. 2 Ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of cellular proteins. In severe hypoxic states ribosomal protein synthesis ceases, resulting in decreased synthesis of protein. 3 Cachexia or wasting of body mass is associated with accelerated proteasome activity. It is often seen in conditions such as cancer. 4 Adrenoleukodystrophy is a disorder associated with the dysfunction of the peroxisomes. The disease is c haracterized by the accumulation of long chain fatty acids in the nervous system. The disease causes the deterioration of the nervous system and eventually leads to death. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 11. ANS: 1 Chapt er: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 6 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Endoplasmic Reticulum Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Proteins are rapidly degraded during ER stress. 2 Proteins cannot travel to their exact intracellular locations during ER stress. 3 Accumulation of long chain fatty acids in the nervous system is not associated with ER stress. 4 Accumulation of non -degraded substances in the cells occurs because of th e lack of lysosomal enzymes, but not as a result of ER stress. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 12. ANS: 1 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 6 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Ribosomes Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Ribosomes are known as the protein factories of the cell. Different types of cells produce different types of proteins. For example, the ribosomes in thyroid cells manufacture proteins that build thyroxine. 2 Mitochondria are known as the power house of the cell. Mitochondria produce the energy that is required by the cell for performing various functions. 3 The Golgi apparatus is not the protein factory of the cell. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and secreting the proteins once they are made in the ribosomes. Hormones are stored in Golgi apparatus until they are secreted by the glands. 4 The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules that act as a transport system within the cell. For example, endoplasmic reticulum helps in the t ransport of proteins. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 13. ANS: 3 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 6 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Ribosomes Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays an important role in the assembly of proteins. 2 Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is associated with the assembly and function of ribosomal particle. 3 Messenger RNA (mRNA) acts as a blueprint for the construction of proteins. 4 Mitochondrial DNA enables the mitochondria to reproduce on their own within the cells when there is an increased need for ATP formation. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 14. ANS: 1 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 5 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Difficult Heading: Mitochondria Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Muscle cramping and acidosis occur when the cells are deprived of adequate oxygen supply during energy metabolism. The oxygen level decreases slightly as the hiker climbs up the mountain into higher altitudes. 2 Autolysis is the process in which lysosomes release digestive enzymes to destroy the parts of the dead cells. This p rocess does not cause muscle cramping and acidosis in a hiker. 3 Heterolysis is the process in which the lysosomes are used to digest the foreign bodies ingested by the macrophage. This process does not cause muscle cramping and acidosis in a hiker. 4 When the plasma membrane configuration is altered because of diseases, excess fluids enter the cell’s internal environment and cause swelling, resulting in cellular edema. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 15. ANS: 1 Chapter : Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 7 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Moderate Heading: The Nucleus Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 The pairing of nitrogenous bases provides the DNA with the unique molecular ability to replicate. For e xample, adenine always binds with thymine. 2 DNA nucleotides contain nitrogenous bases that are either purines or pyrimidines. 3 DNA consists of long , double stranded helical chains containing variable sequences of nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group attached to a sugar molecule. The presence of nucleotides does not provide DNA molecules the unique ability to re plicate. 4 Nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups are parts of the nucleotide. The presence of nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups do not provide DNA molecules with the unique ability to replicate. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 16. ANS: 2 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 9 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: The Nucleus Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 A codon contains three nitrogenous bases instead of just two. 2 Three nitrogenous bases form a codon. Codons are interpreted by the ribosomes during protein synthesis to form specific proteins to meet the cell’s need. 3 A codon is not made of three nitrogenous bases instead of four. 4 The option, none of the above i s incorrect because a codon is made of three nitrogenous bases. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 17. ANS: 1 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 7 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: The Nucleus Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 The DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. 2 The DNA is not a polymer of amino acids. 3 The DNA is not a polymer of fatty acids 4 The DNA is not a polymer of phosphate. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 18. ANS: 3 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 6 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Ribosomes Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering] Conc ept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Messenger RNA, not ribosomal RNA, transports the message from the DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. 2 Transfer RNA, not ribosomal RMA, gathers and joins the exact amino acids that will form the protein designated by the messenger RNA. 3 The r -RNA is involved in the formation of ribosomes. 4 The answer option is incorrect because ribosomal RNA is involved in the formation of ribosomes. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 19. ANS: 3 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 7 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Ribosomes Integrated Process: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Tetracycline antibiotic d oes not prevent the replication of bacteria. 2 Tetracycline antibiotic does not alter the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm. 3 Tetracycline interferes with the functions of bacterial ribosomes. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. 4 Tetracycline antibiotic does not interfere with functions of bacterial mitochondria. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 20. ANS: 2 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 7 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Golgi Apparatus Integrated Process: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 Protein is initially manufactured in the ribosome. Protein is referred to as pre-prohormone, which consists of a single peptide. 2 The conversion of prohormone into hormone takes place in the Golgi apparatus. The prohormone is processed and then converted into the actual hormone. The actual hormone is secreted by the endocrine gland’s cells. 3 The secretory granule is present in the Golgi apparatus. The completed hormone is stored in the secretory granule. 4 The pre -prohormone consists of a single peptid e, which directs its transfer to the endoplasmic reticulum. The single peptide of the pre -prohormone is removed when it is transferred from ribosome to endoplasmic reticulum. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 21. ANS: 1 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 7 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: The Nucleus Integrated Process: Nursing Process Client Need: P hysiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1 The nucleus is the master mind of a cell. It consists of the body’s genetic material, which regulates all cell structures a nd functions. 2 Ribosomes are spherical, small organelles composed of ribosomal ribonucleic acid. They are called as the “protein factories” of the cell. 3 The synthesized proteins from ribosomes are transported to Golgi apparatus through endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins are processed, packaged, and secreted by the Golgi apparatus. 4 The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules within the cell, which act s as a transport system. Lipid production takes place in endoplasmic reticulum. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation MULTIPLE RESPONSE 22. ANS: 3, 5 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 7 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Microtubules and Microfilaments Integrated Process: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Microtubules are rigid. 2. This is incorrect. Microtubules are stiff. 3. This is correct. Microtubules are composed of protein subunits called tubulin. 4. This is incorrect. Microfilaments are called as actin filaments. 5. This is co rrect. Microtubules comprises of cell structures involved in cell division such as centrioles and mitotic spindle. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 23. ANS: 2, 3 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 7 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: Microtubules and Microfilaments Integrated Process: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledg e [Remembering] Concept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1. This is incorrect. Cilia are cellular projections whose movement propels substances along the outside of the cells. Cilia contain microfilaments. 2. This is correct. Centriole is a structure present in the microtubules which are involved in cell division. 3. This is correct. Mitotic spindle is a structure present in the microtubules, which are involved in cell division. 4. This is incorrect. Microfilaments are referred to as act in filaments. They help the cell change shape. 5. This is incorrect. Secret ory vesicles are formed by the endoplasmic reticulum -Golgi apparatus system. They store substances released by cells prior to their release. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 24. ANS: 1, 2, 5 Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness Page: 8 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy Heading: The Nucleus Integrated Process: Nursing Process Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering] Conc ept: Cellular Regulation Feedback 1. This is correct. The pentose sugar present in ribonucleic acid is ribose. 2. This is correct. Ribonucleic acid consists of a single stranded helix and can travel to sites outside the nucleus. 3. This is incorrect. Double stranded helix is present in deoxyribonucleic acid. 4. This is incorrect. The pentose sugar present in deoxyri bonucleic acid is deoxyribose. 5. This is correct. The pyrimidine base thymine in deoxyribonucleic acid is replaced with uracil in ribonucleic acid. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 25. ANS: 2, 3 Chapter: Chapter 1, T he Cell in Health and Illness Page: 7 Objective: N/A Difficulty: Easy