(Test Bank) Dental Hygiene

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U S N T O Dental Hygiene 4th Edition Darby Test Bank Chapter 01: The Dental Hygiene Profession Darby & Walsh: Dental Hygiene: Theory and Practice, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the discipline of dental hygiene? a. The study of teeth and their supporting structures b. Brushing and flossing one’s teeth and rinsing with an antimicrobial mouth rinse twice a day, morning and night c. The study of preventive oral healthcare, including the management of behavior to prevent oral disease and promote health d. The study of those procedures that dental hygienists provide to clients ANS: C The study of teeth and their supporting structures. This answer is wrong because the discipline of dental hygiene covers much more information than the study of teeth and supporting structures. Dental hygiene focuses on the preventive measures that the teeth and supporting struc tures must receive, in addition to other oral healthcare steps that must be taken to promote one’s health. Brushing and flossing one’s teeth and rinsing with an antimicrobial mouth rinse twice a day, morning and night. This answer is wrong because this sta tement describes only one procedure within the discipline of dental hygiene. Dental hygiene is a much larger and general field of study than this simple preventive action. The study of preventive oral healthcare including the management of behavior to prevent oral disease and promote health. This answer is correct because this is the direct definition of dental hygien e. The definitioNn caRn beIbrGokenBd.oCwn Minto smaller, specified divisions to further develop the discipline of dental hygiene. The study of those procedures that dental hygienists provide to clients. This answer is wrong because dental hygienists play many interrelated roles, such as clinician, educator, administrator or manager, advocate, and researc her. Although each of these roles is created to assist in dental hygiene, the discipline is not centered on the actions and procedures of the dental hygienist. REF: What is Dental Hygiene? | 1 2. Who is the professional dental hygienist? a. A licensed preventive oral health professional who has graduated from a Commission on Dental Accreditation, accredited, entry level dental hygiene program b. A licensed person who has learned on the job via a preceptorship program, such as the Alabama Dental Hygienists Program c. A dentist who has graduated from a Commission on Dental Accreditation, accredited, dental school program d. A person who has graduated from a Commission on Dental Accreditation, accredited, dental assisting program ANS: A N R I G B.C M A licensed preventive oral health professional who has graduated from a Commission on Dental Accreditation, accredited, entry level dental hygiene program. This answer is correct because to be eligible as a professional dental hygienist, the person must have graduated from an accredited dental hygiene program. A licensed person who has learned on the job via a preceptorship program, such as the Alabama Dental Hygienists Program. This answer is wrong because a dental hygienist cannot learn on the job to become a professional. Rather, they must pass written examinations and graduate from an accredited dental hygiene program. A dentist who has graduated from a Commission on Dental Accreditation, accredited, dental school program. This an swer is wrong because a dentist has a higher degree than a dental hygienist and therefore, generally, works above a dental hygienist. It is not necessary for a dental hygienist to receive an education from a dental school. A person who has graduated from a Commission on Dental Accreditation, accredited, dental assisting program. This answer is wrong because a person graduating from an accredited dental assisting program would only be licensed as a dental assistant . REF: Who Is the Dental Hygienist? | 1 3. All of these services are provided by the majority of dental hygienists in the clinical setting except one. Which one is the exception? a. Perform periodontal maintenance care. b. Implement interventions to direct a person back to oral wellness. c. Provide fluoride varnish treatment. d. Place and remove restorations. ANS: D Perform periodontal maintenance care. This is a service provided in the clinical setting. The clinical setting allows for appliUcatiSon oNf prTeventivOe and ther apeutic agents related to periodontal disease. For example: subgingival sustained -release delivery systems containing chlorhexidine. Implement interventions to direct a person back to oral wellness. This is a service provided in the clinical setting. The main goal of a dental hygienist is to prevent oral disease and promote health. Therefore, if the state of an individual’s oral health changes, the dental hygienist (within the scope of the clinical setting) can provide some degree of intervention to direct the individual back to oral wellness. Provide fluoride varnish treatment. This is a service provided in the clinical setting. The clinical setting allows for application of preventive and therapeutic agents related to dental caries. Fluoride varnish treatments prolong fluoride exposure on the tooth surface for safe and effective caries control. Place and remove restorations. This service is not provided by the majority of dental hygienists in the clinical setting. Only a few denta l hygienists have the certification to place restorations, while many others do not. Also, the removal of restorations is not a given action of a dental hygienist in the clinical setting. REF: Clinician | 3 4. Which of the following is a key behavior within the dental hygiene process of care? a. Observation b. Diagnosis c. Communication skills d. Client care ANS: B Observation. This answer is wrong because dental hygienists must go further than simply observing the client. The hygienist must assess the client by thoroughly collecting data. Diagnosis. This answer is correct because identifying the diagnosis is the foc al point for establishing goals in the dental hygiene care plan. The client’s dental hygiene needs are determined so that specific interventions can be implemented. Communication skills. This answer is wrong because the communication skills are not a key behavior and are not necessary to complete the dental hygiene process. Client care. This answer is wrong because client care is not one of the steps in dental hygiene care. However, proper client care is the goal being achieved through the key behavior s. REF: What Is the Dental Hygiene Process of Care? | 1 5. Which of the following is not an environmental factor that the dental hygienist takes into account in the Human Needs Model? a. Age b. Attitudes c. Lifestyles d. Weight ANS: D Age. This answer is an environmental factor that must be taken into account because age plays a large role in the development of an individual’s oral health. Attitudes. This answer is an environmental factor that must be taken into account because it can have an effect on the dental hygiene process. Lifestyles. This answer is anNenUvRirSonImNenGtTalBfa.ctCorOtMhat must be taken into account bec ause an individual’s oral health can be affected by lifestyle choices. Weight. This answer is not an environmental factor that must be taken into account because an individual’s weight does not affect their oral health. The diet choices that go along with a person’s particular weight may affect oral health, but the overall weight of an individual does not. REF: What Is the Dental Hygiene Process of Care? | 1 6. Which of the following is not one of the seven roles of a dental hygienist? a. Clinician b. Public Health c. Interpreter d. Researcher ANS: C The seven roles of a dental hygienist are clinician, public health, researcher, educator, administrator, and entrepreneur. REF: Chapter One, Table 1-1 Seven Roles of the Dental Hygienist | 4 7. What is a paradigm? a. A widely accepted worldview of a discipline that shapes the knowledge of its practitioners, educators, administrators, and researchers b. Decision -making skills that are used worldwide c. A school of thought within a discipline d. A widely accepted worldview of a discipline that shapes the direction and methods of its practitioners, educators, administrators, and researchers ANS: D A widely accepted worldview of a discipline that shapes the knowledge of its practitioners, educators, administrators, and researchers. This answer is incorrect because a paradigm does not shape the knowledge but shapes the direction and methods of practitioners, etc. Decision -making skills that are used worldwide. This answer is incorrect because a paradigm does not focus on decision -making skills that are accepted worldwide. A school of thought within a discipline. This answer is incorrect because it is the definition of a conceptual model. A widely accepted worldview of a discipline that shapes the direction and methods of its practitioners, educators, administrators, and resea rchers. This answer is correct because practitioners, educators, administrators, and researchers all accept this paradigm or worldview of discipline in major concepts selected for study and statements about major statements that define them in a global matter. REF: Dental Hygiene’s Paradigm | 5 8. Which of the following is not one of the four major concepts of paradigm for the dental hygiene discipline? a. Client b. Health and oral health c. Environment d. Nutrition ANS: D Client. This answer is a major concept of paradigm because the client is the recipient of dental hygiene care. Health and oral health. This answer is a major concept of paradigm because the discipline of dental hygiene exists to promote oral health, which influences overall health. Environment. This answer is a major concept of paradigm because factors other than dental hygiene actions affect the client’s attainment of optimal oral health. Nutrition. This answer is not a major concept of paradigm because nutrition does not identify the phenomena central to the discipline of dental hygiene in an abstract global manner. REF: BOX 1-3: Four Major Concepts of the Dental Hygiene Paradigm | 6 9. The importance of a conceptual model is to provide philosophic and practical perspectives about dental hygiene’s paradigm concepts. Dental hygiene’s paradigm is operationalized via the Human Needs Conceptual Model. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false . ANS: A Both statements are true. Conceptual models do provide philosophic and practical perspectives about dental hygiene’s paradigm concepts; however, the models can explain dental hygiene from different perspectives as well. Also, the Human Needs Conceptual Model defines the paradigm concepts. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. Both statements are true. The first statement is false; the second statement is true . Both statements are true. Both statements are false . Both statements are true. REF: Conceptual Models | 6 10. What occurs when individuals with differing strengths and areas of expertise work together as equal partners to achieve better outcomes than each would achieve working alone? a. Implementation b. Collaboration c. Determination d. Concentration ANS: B Implementation. This answer is incorrect because by definition implementation is the act of putting something into effect. Implementing something can be done individually. Collaboration. This answer is correct and is demonstrated in the Collaborative Practice Model, which assumes that dentists and dental hygienists work together as colleagues. Determination. This answer is incorrect because determination does not require par tners of differing strengths. Determination can be achieved individually by staying focused on the task at hand. Concentration. This answer is incorrect because concentration is just maintaining a strong focus on the task at hand. CoNllabRoratIionGcanBb.e CdonMe more efficiently if the partners are concentrated but is not requir edU. S N T O REF: Collaborative Practice Model | 6 11. What is the collaborative practice conceptual model? a. Dentist and dental hygienist work together as colleagues, each offering professional expertise for the goal of providing optimum oral healthcare to the public b. Model describing the best methods of dentist and dental hygienist to work as a team c. Model showing how collaboration produces better work d. Dental hygienists and other healthcare professionals work together as colleagues, each offering professional expertise for the goal of providing optimum oral healthcare to the public ANS: A Dentist and dental hygienists work together as colleagues, each offering professional expertise for the goal of providing optimum oral healthcare to the public. Model describing the best methods of dentist and dental hygienist to work as a team. This answer is incorrect because the focus and main goal of the model is to provide optimum oral healthcare to the public, not to learn to work as a team. Model showing how collaboration produces better work. This answer is incorrect because the model focuses on providing optimum oral healthcare to the public. Collaboration between a dentist and dental hygienist is just an assisting factor to reach opt imum oral healthcare. Dental hygienists and other healthcare professionals work together as colleagues, each offering professional expertise for the goal of providing optimum oral healthcare to the public. This answer is incorrect because the collaboration must be between a dentist and a dental hygienist. This plays a key role in establishing a co -therapist relationship within the Collaborative Practice Conceptual Model. REF: Collaborative Practice Model | 6-7 12. Which is not one of the five interrelated roles of a professional dental hygienist? a. Educator b. Manager c. Researcher d. Clients ANS: D Educator. This is one of the five interrelated roles of a professional dental hygienist. An educator explains concepts regarding oral health and disease, and their relationship to general health; demonstrates oral self -care procedures; determines client un derstanding; motivates behavior change; reinforces learning or desired behavior; and evaluates the client’s progress in learning. Manager. This is one of the five interrelated roles of a professional dental hygienist. A manager’s position is to guide and direct the work of others. They do this by planning, making decisions, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Researcher. This is one of the five interrelated roles of a professional dental hygienist. A researc her tests the assumptions of clinical practice. Clients. This is not one of the five interrelated roles of a professional dental hygienist. The client is the indiv idual receivNing RoralIheaGlthcBa.reCfroMm the dental hygienist. REF: Roles | 2-5 U S N T O 13. According to the Occupational Model, the dental hygienist: a. uses a process of care to assess needs, diagnose dental hygiene problems, and plan, implement, evaluate, and document dental hygiene care. b. works toget her with the dentist, each offering professional expertise for the goal of providing optimum oral healthcare to the public. c. is a dental auxiliary who implements treatment plans and carries out isolated duties as directed by the supervising dentist. d. explains dental hygiene from different perspectives. ANS: C The Occupational Model5 presents the concept of dental hygiene actions as technically based. According to this model the dental hygienist is a dental auxiliary who implements treatment plans and carries out isolated duties as directed by the supervising dentist. REF: Chapter One, Conceptual Models | 6 14. Which of the following is not a setting for a dental hygiene researcher? a. Clinical practice b. Research institutions c. Hospitals d. Oral healthcare industry e. Public school programs ANS: C Clinical practice. This is a setting for a dental hygiene researcher because researchers are testing assumptions from clinical practices. Researchers may go to the clinical practice to assess the area of study. Research institutions. This is a setting for a dental hygiene researcher because this is a place where research is the prime goal and source of employment. Researchers gather together here and are able to collaborate with one another if necessary. Hospitals. This is not a setting for a dental hygiene researcher because a hospital is not primarily focused on oral healthcare, rather it is focused on the overall health of an individual. A researcher would not have the information or materials needed to do their studies. Oral healthcare industry. This is a setting for a dental hygiene researcher because the oral healthcare industry is the field that they are studying or researching. By working within the oral healthcare industry, the researchers can make evidence -based decisio ns. Public school programs. This is a setting for a dental hygiene researcher because this is a place where the researcher can transmit current concepts of health promotion and disease prevention to individuals and groups, and evaluate the educational outcomes. REF: Researcher | 3 15. The three responsibilities of the dental hygiene clinician are: a. preventive, therapeutic, educational. b. manager, educator, researcher. c. planner, organization of appointments, billing. d. communicator, planner, researcher. ANS: A Preventive, therapeutic, educational. This answer is correct because a dental hygiene clinician is expected to fulfill these areas. Preventive methods are created to promote health and prevent oral disease. Therapeutic methods are created to arrest or control oral disease. Educational methods are created to reinforce learning, evaluate understanding, demonstrate self-care techniques, determine ability to perform desired behavior, and explain oral disease and health concepts. Manager, educator, researcher. This answer is incorrect because these are not responsibilities; instead they are roles that can be played by dental hygienists based on the degree of education. Planner, organization of appointments, billing. This answer is incorrect because these are the responsibilities of an administrator or manager. Communicator, planner, researcher. This answer is incorrect because these are the responsibilities of a researcher. REF: BOX 1-2: Responsibilities of the Dental Hygiene Clinician | 3 16. What is an administrator or manager not doing when referring to dental hygiene? a. Planning b. Staffing c. Financial work d. Directing ANS: C Planning. This is done by an administrator to acknowledge priorities and decide on appropriate continuing care intervals and self-care measures. Staffing. This is done by an administrat or to create a knowledgeable and stable staff, and to determine the line of authority and responsibilities of each co-worker. Financial work. This is not done by an administrator because financial work does not relate to the job of an administrator, which is to guide and direct the work of others. Directing. This is done by an administrator while managing a professional educational program and possibly serving as a dean for various schools. REF: Administrator | 5 17. When considering the key roles of a dental hygienist, what does the client advocate most refer to? a. A dental hygienist who is working with the state legislature to change the dental practice act b. Dental hygienist’s role in protecting and supporting clients’ rights and well-being c. A person whose official position is to guide and direct the work of others d. A dental hygiene educator who is employed as a full -time faculty member ANS: B A dental hygienist who is working with the state legislature to change the dental practice act. This answer is incorrect because it does not directly relate to the client. Dental hygienist’s role in protecting and supporting clients’ rights and well-being. This is correct because the definition directly links to the client’s best interests. A person whose official position is to guide and direct the work of others. This is incorrect because this is the key role of an administrator or manager. A dental hygiene educator wNho iRs emIploGyedBa.s aCfuMll-time faculty memb er. This i s incorrect because this is a role of an eduUcatoSr. N T O REF: What Is the Dental Hygiene Process of Care? | 1-2 18. A dental hygienist keeps up-to-date with the rapidly changing art and science of dental hygiene by doing all of the following, except one. Which one is the exception? a. Discussing updated techniques with other dental hygienists b. Making evidence -based decisions c. Using multiple research skills d. Practicing at least part-time as a dental hygienist ANS: A Discussing updated techniques with other dental hygienists. This is not done to stay up -to-date with the art and science of dental hygiene. Although discussing with other dental hygienists will draw conversation to new changes, further research and analyzing must be done to fully understand the rapid changes in the art and science of dental hygiene. Making evidence -based decisions. This is done to stay up-to-date with the art and science of dental hygiene. By looking in -depth at scientific evidence, client preferences or values, clinical client circumstances, and experiences and judgment, dental hygienists can draw conclusions and remain up -to-date in the discipline of dental hygiene. Using m ultiple research skills. This is done to stay up -to-date with the art and science of dental hygiene. Multiple research skills should be used to find relevant evidence and critical appraisal skills to rapidly evaluate and sort out what is valid and useful. N R I G B.C M Practicing at least part -time as a dental hygienist. This is done to stay up -to-date with the art and science of dental hygiene. By staying involved in the discipline of dental hygiene, more and more information can be learned. There are many different roles that a professional can play as a dental hygienist; any of these roles will keep a dental hygienist up -to-date with the rapid changes. REF: Researcher | 3 19. What is accreditation? a. The process of explaining the concepts of oral health and their relationship to general health b. The process of guiding and directing of the work of others so that they can become certified c. The process of researching a specific topic and analyzing it d. A formal, voluntary nongovernmental process that establishes a minimum set of national standards that promotes and ensures quality in education ANS: D The process of explaining the concepts of oral health and their relationship to general health. This answer is incorrect because this statement is explain ing the role of an educator. The process of guiding and directing of the work of others so that they can become certified. This answer is incorrect because guiding and directing the work of others is a role played by an administrator. The process of researching a specific topic and analyzing it. This answer is incorrect because this process is performed by a dental hygienist r esearcher. A formal, voluntary nongovernmental process that establishes a minimum set of national standards that promotes and ensures quality in education. This answer is correct because accreditation is given to instituUtionSs orNproTgrams tOo ensure that the education being taught i s proper and accurate. REF: Accreditation | 8 20. What professional organization promotes the profession of dental hygiene globally? a. ADHA b. NDHA c. CDHA d. IFDH ANS: D ADHA. This answer is incorrect because the professional organization is limited to the United States. NDHA. This answer is incorrect because the professional organization specifically focuses on minority professionals. CDHA. This answer is incorrect because the professional organization is limited to Canada. IFDH. This answer is correct because the professional organization includes several countries and focuses on worldwide issues of dental hygiene. REF: International Federation of Dental Hygienists | 9-10 21. What is the one most important reason why state dental practice laws were established? a. To regulate the practice of dental hygiene and dentistry b. To regulate the amount of education one must have to practice dentistry c. To ensure the best overall service to the general public d. To protect the health and welfare of the public ANS: A To regulate the practice of dental hygiene and dentistry. This answer is correct because regulating the practice will ensure all criteria are met and education is fulfilled properly. The practice will be able to run smoothly in each state, ensuring beneficial service to the public. To regulate the amount of education one must have to practice dentistry. This answer is incorrect because the amount of education one must have to practice dentistry is similar for all states so that relocating can be more easily accomplished. To ensure the best overall service to the general public. This answer is i ncorrect because it is not the most important reason. If the practice of dental hygiene and dentistry is regulated, the best overall service will be given to the general public. To protect the health and welfare of the public. This answer is incorrect because it is not the most important reason. If the practice of dental hygiene and dentistry is regulated, the health and welfare of the public will be protected. REF: Practice Acts and Licensure | 8 22. Which one of these is most descriptive of licensure? a. The process of becoming a dentist or dental hygienist b. The process of graduating from an accredited dental hygiene program and then practicing dental hygiene c. The process by which a government agency certifies that individuals are minimally qualified to practice within its jurisdiction d. All of the above ANS: C The process of becoming a dentist or dental hygienist. This answer is incorrect because the description of licensure is very broad and undetailed. The process of graduating from an accredited dental hygiene program and then practicing dental hygiene. This answer is incorrect because licensure does n ot require oneself to immediately begin practicing dental hygiene. This statement is also not the most descriptive. The process by which a government agency certifies that individuals are minimally qualified to practice within its jurisdiction. This answer is correct because the description is full and gives a complete idea of licensure. All of the above. This answer is incorrect because each statement is not equally descriptive so they cannot all be the most descriptive of licensure. REF: Practice Acts and Licensure | 8 23. The Canadian Dental Hygienist’s Association (CDHA) Board’s actions are directed toward attaining: a. Direct access to dental hygiene care b. Recognition by the Canadian public c. Supportive public policy and a strong national voice d. All of the above ANS: D The CDHA Board’s actions are directed toward attaining specific measurable outcomes, including the following: direct access to dental hygiene care, recognition by the Canadian public, supportive public pol icy and a strong national voice, interprofessional practice, professional identity and professional standards, knowledge and research, business success and workplace well-being, and leadership development. REF: Chapter One, Professional Dental Hygiene Organizations | 9 24. The dental hygienist must be in the jurisdiction in which they practice. a. licensed b. certified c. accredited d. educated ANS: A Licensed. This answer is correct because licensing examinations are created in each jurisdiction and must be passed by dental hygienists to receive a license to practice. Certified. This answer is incorrect because certifications are usually voluntary. Licenses are required to become a professional while certifications usually are not. Accredited. This answer is incorrect because accreditation can only be given to an institution or program, not an individual such as a dental hygienist. Educated. This answer is incorrect becau se dental hygienists must pass certain written examinations to practice in the jurisdiction. A simple education does not meet the standard. REF: Practice Acts and Licensure | 8 Chapter 02: Human Needs Theory and Dental Hygiene Care Darby & Walsh: Dental Hygiene: Theory and Practice, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Examples of human needs related to dental hygiene care include all of the following except one. Which one is the exception? a. Freedom from fear and stress b. Protection from health risks c. Freedom from head and neck pain d. Love and belong needs e. Wholesome facial image ANS: D Love and belonging needs is not an example of the specific eight human needs related to dental hygiene care in the Human Needs Conceptual Model of Dental Hygiene. Freedom from fear and stress, protections from health risks, freedom from head and neck pain, and a wholesome facial image are all examples of the specific eight human needs related to dental hygiene care in the Human Needs Conceptual Model of Dental Hygiene. REF: Dental Hygiene’s Eight Human Needs | 18-31 2. Protection from health risks is the need to avoid medical contraindications related to dental hygiene care and to be free from harm or danger involving the integrity of the body structure and environment around the person. With advances in thermoplastic material, boil and bite mouth gu ard have good retenNtionRanId coGverBal.l pCostMerior teeth. a. Both statements are true. U b. Both statements are false. S N T O c. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. d. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. ANS: C The definition for the human need for protection from health risks is correct. However, boil and b ite mouth guards have poor retention and do not cover all posterior teeth. The other choices are incorrect. REF: Protection From Health Risks | 18-19 3. What is the term for a tension within a person? a. Self-tolerance b. Human need c. Facial image stressors d. Immunosuppression ANS: B Human need is the term for tension within a person. Self -tolerance is the unique ability to recognize the difference between “self” and “foreign” antigens and is an incorrect choice. Facial image stressors are related to the human need for wholesome facial image and is an incorrect answer. Immunosuppression refers to the inhibition of the formation of antibodies to antigens that may be present; it is used in transplantation procedures to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ or tissue. It is an incorrect choice. REF: Background | 14 4. Human need theory was selected as the conceptual framework for the Dental Hygiene Human Needs Model because human needs transcend age, culture, gender, and nationality. a. Both the statement and the reason are correct, and they are related. b. Both the statement and the reason are correct, but they are not related. c. The statement is correct, but the reason is not. d. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. e. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. ANS: A Human need theory is the conceptual framework for the Dental Hygiene Human Needs Model. It was selected because human needs transcend age, culture, gender, and nationality. The other choices are incorrect. REF: Human Needs Conceptual Model of Dental Hygie ne | 15 5. Which type of medications helps meet the human need for a biologically sound dentition? a. Fluoride b. NSAIDs c. Penicillamine d. Cyclosporine e. Antimalarials ANS: A Fluoride helps meet the human need for a biologically sound dentition. NSAIDs, penicillamine, cyclosporine, and antimalarials are incorrect choices. REF: Implications for Dental Hygiene Care | 29 6. Which of the following represents a human need deficit in the need for a biologically sound dentition? a. Gingival bleeding b. No dental examination in the last 2 years c. Vital signs outside of normal limits d. Mucogingival problems e. Concern about confidentiality ANS: B No dental examination in the last 2 years is a sign of a human need deficit in the need for a biologically sound dentition. Gingival bleeding, vital signs outside of normal limits, mucogingival problems, and concerns about confidentiality are incorrect choices. REF: Assessment | 27-29 7. Periodontal disease is epidemic in the United States and elsewhere. The human need for skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck is usually unmet in clients seeking dental hygiene care. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. d. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. ANS: A Over 80% of the population in the United States and elsewhere has some form of periodontal disease. Therefore, the human need for skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck is usually unmet in clients seeking dental hygiene care. The other choices are incorrect. REF: Implications for Dental Hygiene Care | 26 8. Which human need is associated with dissatisfaction with facial profile? a. Protection from health risks b. Biologically sound and functional dentition c. Wholesome facial image d. Freedom from stress ANS: C Dissatisfaction with one’s facial profile is associated with a deficit in the human need for a wholesome facial image. Protection from health risks, biologically sound and functional dentition, and freedom from stress are not associated with dissatisfaction with one’s facial profile. REF: Who lesome Facial ImagNe U| 2R3 9. Pockets greater than 4 mm, attachment loss greater than 4 mm, and bleeding on probing are all signs of a deficit in which human need? a. Wholesome facial image b. Protection from health risks c. Biologically sound and functional dentition d. Skin and mucous membrane integrity of head and neck e. Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus ANS: D Pockets greater than 4 mm, attachment loss greater than 4 mm, and bleeding on probing are signs of a deficit in the human need for skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck. The other choices are incorrect. REF: Assessment | 24 10. Which of the following is the most common concern associated with the human need for freedom from head and neck pain? a. Concerns about disease transmission b. Concerns about fluoride toxicity c. Report of pain d. Concern about radiation exposure e. Has questions about oral disea se ANS: C Report of pain is the most common symptom associated with the human need for freedom from pain. The other choices are incorrect. REF: Assessment | 21 11. The dental hygienist should not evaluate clients with a deficit in protection from health risks because the domain of the dental hygienist is only the oral cavity. a. Both the statement and the reason are correct, and they are related. b. Both the statement and the reason are correct, but they are not related. c. The statement is correct, but the reason is not. d. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. e. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. ANS: E Patients with a deficit in protection from health risks must be evaluated by the dental hygienist to avoid medical contraindications related to dental hygiene care and to be free from harm or danger involving the integrity of the body’s structure. The domain of dental hygiene is represented by the eight human needs related to dental hygiene c are. The other choices are incorrect. REF: Assessment | 18-19 12. Using a human needs assessment tool for dental hygiene care is an appropriate way for dental hygienists to diagnose human need deficits related to dental hygiene care. Patients having human need deficits should be referred for further medical evaluation. a. Both statements are true.N R I G B.C M b. Both statem ents are false. U S N T O c. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. d. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. ANS: C Using a risk assessment tool for dental hygiene care is an appropriate way for dental hygienists to diagnose human need deficits related to dental hygiene care. However, not all human need deficits require referral of the client for further medical evaluation. The other choices are incorrect. REF: Concept 4: Dental Hygiene Actions | 15-17 13. Most clients with deficits in the human need for protection from health risks require proph ylactic antibiotics before dental and dental hygiene treatment because they are immunosuppressed and prone to infection. a. Both the statement and the reason are correct, and they are related. b. Both the statement and the reason are correct, but they are not related. c. The statement is correct, but the reason is not. d. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. e. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. ANS: E