(Test Bank) Understanding Nutrition

9780357447925, Whitney,Rolfes, 16

Medicine

Test Bank

16th Edition

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Test Bank for Understanding Nutrition, The downloadable file consists of 596 pages, and the total size of the file is 4.1 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Whitney, Rolfes

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Study Note Preview

Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition Understanding Nutrition 16th Edition Whitney Test Bank 1. Which statement about nutrition’s role in a person’s life is FALSE? a. Nutrition is the science of the nutrients in foods and their actions within the body. b. Nutrition is the study of human behaviors related to food and eating. c. Careless food choices can contribute to chronic disease. d. Chronic diseases progress slowly. e. A diet is defined as a restrictive food plan designed for weight loss. ANSWER: e 2. Your classmate prefers to consume strawberries rather than other fruits. Based on what you’ve learned about influences on food choices, what would be the most likely reason your classmate prefers strawberries? a. Strawberries are cheap. b. He likes the flavor and taste of strawberries the most. c. Strawberries are a convenient snack. d. Strawberries are a nutritionally rich food. e. Eating strawberries is a habit. ANSWER: b 3. At a party with friends, Amal drinks wine and eats hors d’oeuvres, even though she is not hungry. This is an example of a food choice based on . a. established habits b. social interaction c. emotional turmoil d. negative association e. comfort eating ANSWER: b 4. A person who eats a granola bar from a vending machine is most likely making a food choice based on: . a. Established habit b. Easy availability c. Body image d. Environmental concerns e. Cultural values ANSWER: b Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 5. Which individual is making a food choice based on values? a. A woman who avoids gluten due to allergies b. A child who spits out his mashed potatoes because they taste too salty c. A teenager who mindlessly eats potato chips while watching television d. A man who eats oatmeal each day without exception e. A Catholic woman who fasts on Good Friday to honor religious custom ANSWER: e 6. Why should a health -care professional take a drug history before making nutrition recommendations? a. To assess for possible interactions that lead to nutrient deficiencies b. To identify conditions with a genetic component c. To identify diseases that interfere with nutrient absorption d. To assess for possible drug abuse of misuse e. To rule out the possibility of suspected nutrition problems ANSWER: a 7. Ang is a movie fan and always eats a big bucket of buttery popcorn at the theater. His food choice is most likely based on . a. regional cuisine b. personal values c. Ethnic value d. positive association e. functional value ANSWER: d 8. Which of the following is an example of an ultra-processed food? a. Skim milk b. Swiss cheese c. Chicken nuggets d. Sunflower seeds e. Apple juice ANSWER: c Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 9. Which of the following does NOT represent one of the six classes of nutrients? a. water b. lipids c. phytochemicals d. carbohydrates e. protein ANSWER: c 10. The RDA is set higher than the EAR to meet the needs of most healthy people. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 11. Which is the simplest nutrient? a. Minerals b. Water c. Protein d. Carbohydrates e. Vitamins ANSWER: a 12. Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) provide different amounts based on sex and age. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 13. Calories or kcalories are a measure of energy. a. heat b. potential c. surface d. work e. light ANSWER: a Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 14. Which nutrient has the greatest energy density? a. Protein b. Water c. Carbohydrate d. Fat e. Vitamins ANSWER: d 15. Which of the following statements about essential nutrients is FALSE? a. They must be obtained from food. b. They are also called “more than just necessary” nutrients. c. They cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body. d. They meet the body’s physiological needs. e. There are about 100 nutrients essential for the human body. ANSWER: e 16. Which nonnutritive substance contributes energy, but does not sustain life? a. Fats b. Sugar c. Artificial sweeteners d. Alcohol e. Phytochemicals ANSWER: d 17. What happens when the body uses energy -yielding nutrients? a. The bonds between the atoms break and release energy. b. The body converts them into storage compounds. c. A person’s energy stores are depleted. d. The amount of water in the body decreases. e. A person’s body mass increases. ANSWER: a Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 18. Which energy -yielding nutrients are found in part of the structural component of muscles and help regulate digestion? a. fats b. alcohols c. proteins d. carbohydrates e. vitamins and minerals ANSWER: c 19. The international unit for measuring food energy is . a. kilojoules b. kilograms c. kilometers d. kilonewtons e. kiloliters ANSWER: a 20. Which of the following statements accurately describes vitamins? a. Vitamins are inorganic and do not provide energy. b. Vitamins are indestructible. c. Almost every action in the body requires the assistance of vitamins. d. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are water -soluble vitamins. e. Cooking vegetables at high temperatures helps maintain the vitamins. ANSWER: c 21. Each of how many total vitamins has its own special dietary role to play? a. 8 b. 13 c. 16 d. 23 e. 26 ANSWER: b Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 22. Which of the following statements about minerals is FALSE? a. Minerals are found in bones and teeth. b. Minerals influence fluid balance and distribution. c. There are six minerals known to be essential to human nutrition. d. Minerals are inorganic and do not provide energy. e. Lead is a mineral and an environmental contaminant. ANSWER: c 23. Which essential nutrient provides the environment in which nearly all the body’s activities take place? a. proteins b. carbohydrates c. water d. alcohol e. vitamins ANSWER: c 24. Which of the following terms is defined as the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activities of nutrients? a. Genetic counseling b. Nutritional genomics c. Genetic metabolomics d. Nutritional genetics e. Biochemical nutrition ANSWER: b 25. Research always begins with . a. a problem or a question b. an experiment c. a theory d. a prediction e. interpretations ANSWER: a Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 26. When conducting research, an educated guess like, “Diets rich in fiber always lead to good health,” is called a . a. theory b. prediction c. hypothesis d. correlation e. deduction ANSWER: c 27. Which of the following best describes randomization? a. repetition of an experiment and getting the same results b. process of choosing members of experimental and control groups without bias c. personal account of an experience d. experimentation on subjects who do know to which group they’ve been assigned e. knowledge that experimental results were based in fact ANSWER: b 28. What is a weakness of an epidemiological study? a. Findings on some human beings cannot be generalized to all human beings. b. Results from animal studies cannot be applied to human beings. c. Cause and effect cannot be proven. d. Codes of ethics prevent certain treatments. e. The list of possible causes of disease can be narrowed. ANSWER: c 29. If a person consumes 50% of their daily kilocalories from carbohydrates and 30% from protein, what percentage of their daily kilocalories will come from fat? a. 10% b. 20% c. 30% d. 40% e. 50% ANSWER: b Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 30. Researchers benefit from a large sample size because . a. chance variation is less likely to affect the results b. any placebo effect is eliminated c. it increases the likelihood of double -blind results d. the control group will be more like the experimental group e. experimenter bias is less likely to have an effect ANSWER: a 31. Your research findings suggest “the less vitamin D, the less likelihood of depression.” What do your findings suggest? a. no correlation b. a positive correlation c. a negative correlation d. a placebo effect e. validity ANSWER: c 32. Which of the following statements describes a double -blind experiment? a. The experimental and control groups take turns getting each treatment. b. Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control group and which are in the experimental group. c. Neither group of subjects knows whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do know. d. Both subject groups know whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do not know. e. Neither the subjects nor the persons having contact with the subjects know the true purpose of the experiment. ANSWER: b 33. Which term describes the process in which a panel of scientists rigorously evaluates a research study to ensure that the scientific method was followed? a. peer review b. systematic review c. research validity d. meta -analysis e. peer replication ANSWER: a Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 34. To be accepted into the body of nutrition knowledge, research findings must stand up to rigorous, repeated testing in experiments conducted by other researchers. This is called a. validity b. correlation c. replication d. randomization e. anecdotal evidence ANSWER: c 35. Which part of a research article defines key terms, study design, subjects, and procedures? a. references b. introduction c. abstract d. methods e. results ANSWER: d 36. You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human double -blind experiments on zinc. After the subjects take their seats in the laboratory, you distribute all the zinc pill bottles to individuals seated on the left side of the room and all the placebo pill bottles to individuals seated on the right side of the room. The researcher instantly informs you that there are two errors in your research practice. What steps should you have taken to conduct your experiment correctly? a. You should have given zinc to individuals on the right side and placebo to individuals on the left side and then told them what they were getting. b. You should have distributed the bottles after randomly assigning the subjects and then told them what they were getting. c. You should have told the subjects which group they were in, while preventing yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles. d. You should have prevented yourself from knowing what was in the pill bottles and distributed the bottles randomly to the subjects. e. You should have allowed the subjects to decide whether they take zinc or the placebo, and then given them the opposite of what they requested. ANSWER: d Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 37. Which type of article provides a quantitative summary of the evidence? a. Systematic review b. Meta -analysis c. Case study d. Clinical trial e. Cohort study ANSWER: b 38. If a person consumes 50% of their daily kilocalories from carbohydrates and 30% from protein, what percentage of their daily kilocalories will come from fat? a. 10% b. 20% c. 30% d. 40% e. 50% ANSWER: b 39. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for a nutrient meets the needs of about of the population. a. 5% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% e. 98% ANSWER: c 40. Which of the following statements best describes the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a nutrient? a. It is set more than twice as high as the average person needs. b. It is the minimum amount that the average person needs in her/his diet. c. It is designed to meet the needs of nearly all people. d. It is designed to prevent deficiency diseases of about half of the general population. e. It is reflective of current dietary preferences and trends. ANSWER: b Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 41. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a nutrient meets the needs of about of the population. a. 5% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% e. 98% ANSWER: e 42. Which of the following statements accurately describes nutrient intakes? a. Higher nutrient intakes are always safer than lower intakes. b. Nutrient intakes below the EAR decrease the risk of deficiency. c. A typical nutrient intake falling between the RDA and the EAR is almost always adequate. d. Nutrient intakes above the RDA are required to be safe. e. Nutrient intakes above the UL put an individual at risk of toxicity. ANSWER: e 43. Which of the following is defined as the maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse side effects? a. EER b. UL c. AI d. RDA e. DRI ANSWER: b 44. Which of the following statements about the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is FALSE? a. It is the average dietary energy intake that will maintain energy balance in a person with a healthy body weight and level of physical activity. b. EER is measured in kcalories per day. c. Food energy is needed to sustain a healthy and active life. d. UL for energy are based on a person’s age, sex, weight, and height. e. Any dietary intake in excess of energy needs results in weight gain. ANSWER: d Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 45. What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates? a. 5 to 10% b. 15 to 20% c. 25 to 40% d. 45 to 65% e. 70 to 80% ANSWER: d 46. It is not necessary for a person to meet the RDA for every nutrient every day. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 47. Which of the following statements accurately describes Dietary Reference Intakes? a. They are used to treat people with diet-related disorders. b. They assess the adequacy of all required nutrients. c. They aid in the planning and evaluation of diets for healthy people. d. They are used to assess the adequacy of vitamins and minerals only. e. They can be used diagnose diet-related disorders. ANSWER: c 48. Ana is extremely thin, is losing muscle tissue, and is becoming prone to infections. Which term best describes Ana’s condition? a. undernutrition b. overnutrition c. nutrient overdose d. anemia e. subclinical deficiency ANSWER: a Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 49. Which of the following is a strength of epidemiological studies? a. Can narrow down the list of possible causes b. Can prove cause and effect c. Can control variables d. Can use treatments without ethical concerns e. Can generalize findings ANSWER: a 50. Physical signs and symptoms of a nutrient deficiency can be revealed by a. Laboratory tests b. Diet history c. Health history d. Family history e. Anthropometric measures ANSWER: e 51. You are a health care professional tasked with taking anthropometric measurements of a client. Which of the following would you measure? a. body weight b. blood pressure c. blood iron level d. cholesterol levels e. serum electrolytes ANSWER: a 52. Which statement accurately describes physical exams as a nutrition assessment tool? a. Hair and posture can provide clues to nutrient imbalances. b. Physical symptoms typically reflect deficiency in one particular nutrient. c. Unlike other assessment techniques, exams yield firm results. d. Physical exams cannot detect nutrient toxicity. e. Exams can reveal covert changes in the body. ANSWER: a Chapter 01: An Overview of Nutrition 53. Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of stages in the development of a nutrient deficiency? a. declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, and overt signs b. abnormal functions within the body, declining nutrient stores, and overt signs c. abnormal functions within the body, overt signs, and declining nutrient stores d. declining nutrient stores, overt signs, and abnormal functions within the body e. overt signs, abnormal functions, and declining nutrient stores ANSWER: a 54. A diet history provides clues to deficiencies. a. subclinical b. primary c. secondary d. covert e. anecdotal ANSWER: a 55. Which of the following defines a subclinical deficiency? a. a nutrient deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake of a nutrient b. a nutrient deficiency caused by something like a disease condition or drug reaction that reduces absorption, accelerates use, hastens excretion, or destroys the nutrient c. a deficiency in the early stages, before the outward signs have appeared d. a deficiency that exhibits conflicting outward signs, requiring laboratory diagnosis e. an iron deficiency ANSWER: c 56. The lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy is called a(n) a. minimum b. requirement c. allowance d. recommendation e. average ANSWER: b