(Test Bank) Abnormal Psychology, Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders

Whitbourne, 10

Psychology

Test Bank

10th Edition

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Test Bank for Abnormal Psychology, Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders, The downloadable file consists of 615 pages, and the total size of the file is 3.05 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Whitbourne

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Version 1 1 CHAPTER 1 TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) To decide on whether a given individual fits the criteria for abnormality, the mental health community maintains that the behavior need not be linked to some underlying disturbance within the individual, whether psychological or biological. ⊚ true ⊚ false 2) People with psychological disorders may inherit a predisposition to developing behavioral disturbances. ⊚ true ⊚ false 3) LGBTQ+ individuals, who face systematic inequality and prejudice, have higher rates of mental health issues than their non-LGBTQ+ counterparts. ⊚ true ⊚ false 4) The technique of trephining is a recently developed treatment procedure for treating psychological disorders. ⊚ true ⊚ false 5) In the 1500s and 1600s, most of those accused of witchcraft were men. ⊚ true ⊚ false 6) During the Middle Ages, the predominant model for explaining the causes of abnormality was the scientific model.Version 1 2 ⊚ true ⊚ false 7) The humanitarian approach developed throughout history, in part as a reaction against the scientific approach. ⊚ true ⊚ false 8) Many of the promises and programs hailed as alternatives to institutionalization ultimately failed to come through because of inadequate planning and insufficient funds. ⊚ true ⊚ false 9) Psychoanalysis is a treatment that relies heavily on the concept of the conscious mind. ⊚ true ⊚ false 10) The positive psychology movement emphasizes the potential for growth and change throughout life. ⊚ true ⊚ false 11) The essence of the scientific method is objectivity. ⊚ true ⊚ false 12) It is a rather uncommon practice in studies evaluating therapy effectiveness to have a placebo condition. ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 3 13) The best way to eliminate demand characteristics is to use a multiple baseline method. ⊚ true ⊚ false 14) Surveys are primarily used in studies involving a correlational design when investigators seek to find out whether potentially related variables actually do relate to each other as hypothesized. ⊚ true ⊚ false 15) One of the disadvantages of an in-depth case study is that it does not involve enough experimental control to make a useful addition to the literature. ⊚ true ⊚ false 16) The incidence rate is the agreement ratio between people diagnosed as having a disorder and their relatives. ⊚ true ⊚ false MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 17) Which of the following is one of the criteria stated by the mental health community for a diagnosis of psychological disorder?Version 1 4 A) The individual's behavior must reflect dysfunction in psychological, biological, or developmental processes. B) The individual's behavior must be a socially accecptable response to a particular event such as the death of a close friend or relative. C) The individual's family must have a traceable history of mental illness. D) The individual must be an introvert. 18) Calvin works at a paper manufacturing company. The bleaching agents used by the company are toxic in nature and as a result of being exposed to these substances, Calvin has been experiencing intense depressive episodes due to changes in his brain functioning. From the available information, it would be most accurate to conclude that________Blank causes are responsible for Calvin's depression. A) supernatural B) biological C) mystical D) sociocultural 19) People with psychological disorders may inherit a predisposition to developing behavioral disturbances. This provides evidence that________Blank factors contribute to many of the prevalent abnormalities. A) biological B) social C) cultural D) environmental 20) Maria was involved in a serious car accident in which she sustained a head injury. At present, her injury has become worse and as a result she is behaving in bizarre and highly disturbing ways. Maria's change in behavior is most likely due to a________Blank cause.Version 1 5 A) cultural B) social C) biological D) genetic 21) While determining the cause of an abnormal behavior, which of the following can be categorized as a psychological contribution? A) disturbance in motor functions due to injuries B) abnormal structure of certain chromosomes C) hormonal imbalance in the body D) disturbances in thoughts and feelings 22) Angelina's family was killed in a tornado that ripped through her hometown. Although Angelina was not in town when this happened, she has been experiencing episodes of intense depression and anxiety because of the mental trauma she suffered. Angelina's condition is most likely to be the result of a________Blank cause. A) genetic B) neurological C) sociocultural D) psychological 23) The term________Blank refers to the various circles of influence on the individual ranging from close friends and family to the institutions and policies of a country or the world as a whole. A) biological B) psychological C) sociocultural D) psychodynamic Version 1 6 24) Martin Salambo was the only African student in his class. All others were white Americans. Martin was always teased or bullied by his classmates. This has had a profound impact on Martin's life. At present, he suffers from an inferiority complex, which causes him to feel depressed most of the time. Martin's condition is most likely to be the result of a________Blank cause. A) biological B) genetic C) sociocultural D) supernatural 25) A(n)________Blank is a label that causes us to regard certain people as different, defective, and set apart from mainstream members of society. A) independent variable B) prejudice C) stereotype D) stigma 26) The COVID-19 pandemic had a(n)______Blank effect on Black and Indigenous People of Color, leading psychologists to expect_____Blank daily stress and anxiety for these individuals. A) disproportionately high; increased B) relatively low; descreased C) proportionate; unchanged D) unknown; unforseen 27) Social scientists use the term________Blank to refer to the interaction in which biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors play a role in the development of an individual's symptoms.Version 1 7 A) humanitarian B) sociocultural C) biopsychosocial D) supernatural 28) The biopsychosocial perspective incorporates a developmental viewpoint. This means that A) individual abnormalities are solely the result of biological factors and that the environment has no role in the development of an individual. B) we must understand how different factors influence change over the course of a person's life. C) risk factors related to abnormality remain constant and do not vary according to an individual's position in the life span. D) mental abnormalities are not curable. 29) According to the biopsychosocial model, it is most likely that an individual's vulnerability to develop abnormal behavioral tendencies will be low when they A) receive adequate health care. B) engage in risky behaviors. C) are involved in dysfunctional relationships. D) use drugs to divert their mind from stressful situations. 30) According to the biopsychosocial perspective, difficulties coping with stress would be considered to be a_____Blank cause of abnormal behavior. A) psychological B) biological C) sociocultural D) behavioral Version 1 8 31) According to the biopsychosocial model, when Bella engages in risky behavior, her vulnerability to developing A) mood related disorders is reduced. B) AIDS is reduced. C) abnormal behavioral tendencies is heightened. D) genetic disorders is heightened. 32) ________Blank explanations regard abnormal behavior as the product of possession by evil or demonic spirits. A) Spiritual B) Scientific C) Humanitarian D) Psychological 33) ________Blank explanations view psychological disorders as the result of cruelty, stress, or poor living conditions. A) Humanitarian B) Spiritual C) Psychological D) Scientific 34) ________Blank explanations primarily regard psychological disorders as the result of causes that we can objectively measure, such as biological alterations, faulty learning processes, or emotional stressors.Version 1 9 A) Spiritual B) Mystical C) Scientific D) Religious 35) Ramona is a member of a community residing in the rain forests of South America. She has been exhibiting certain symptoms of psychological disorder like severe depression and memory loss. The community's shaman pronounced that the spirit of a demon jaguar has possessed Ramona and is the main cause of her distress. The approach used by the shaman in this instance is an example of the________Blank approach. A) humanitarian B) spiritual C) psychological D) scientific 36) Father Moore had conducted a number of exorcisms during his tenure as pastor in a suburban church in New England. The members of his congregation suggest that Father Moore was successful in driving away evil spirits that caused individuals to behave abnormally, a feat that earned him substantial fame in the town. This is an example of the________Blank approach in addressing abnormality in individuals. A) scientific B) psychological C) medical D) spiritual 37) In prehistoric times, skulls of the living had holes cut out of them, a process called________Blank, apparently in an effort to release the evil spirits from the person's head.Version 1 10 A) trephining B) agnosia C) akinesia D) lobotomy 38) Trephining is an example of a spiritual approach to psychological disorders. Which of the following statements is true about trephining? A) The practice began in the Middle Ages and ended when Renaissance physicians realized it had no positive effect. B) The practice began in early history and extended into the modern period. C) Trephining was abandoned as an approach to psychological disorders during the sixteenth century. D) Trephining began in early history and was abandoned by the end of the Roman Empire. 39) The ritual of driving away evil spirits that involves a physically and mentally painful form of treatment carried out by a shaman, priest, or healer is referred to as A) cognitive restructuring. B) an exorcism. C) trephining. D) electroconvulsive therapy. 40) The idea of "moral treatment" holds the notion that A) abnormalities in behavior were mainly the result of possessions by evil spirits. B) immoral people were cursed and they suffered from incurable mental disorders. C) people with psychological disorders can be treated through exorcism. D) people could develop self-control over their behaviors if they had a quiet and restful environment. Version 1 11 41) ________Blank was a Massachusetts reformer who sought to improve the treatment of people with psychological disorders in the mid-1800s. A) Benjamin Rush B) Martin Luther C) William Tuke D) Dorothea Dix 42) Which of the following was one of the most significant reasons for the declining conditions in mental health facilities during the 1800s? A) overcrowding B) lack of faith in religion C) nonavailability of patients D) the increasing popularity of science 43) Which of the following promoted the release of psychiatric patients into community treatment sites? A) deinstitutionalization movement B) dual-process theory C) five factor model D) behaviorist movement 44) The World Health Organization's Special Initiative for Mental Health intends to A) ensure access to high-quality and affordable care for mental-health conditions at a global level. B) promote moral treatment for institutionalized people around the world. C) put an end to trephining and exorcisms throughout the world. D) institute practices of positive psychology at a global level. Version 1 12 45) Who is considered the founder of modern medicine? A) Aristotle B) Benjamin Rush C) Socrates D) Hippocrates 46) Which Greek physician developed the theory that psychological disorders are caused by imbalances in bodily fluids? A) Hippocrates B) Heraclitus C) Galen D) Aristotle 47) Hippocrates believed that the treatment of psychological disorder would require A) getting rid of evil spirits responsible for abnormalities in human behaviors. B) balancing the levels of bodily humors that influenced physical and mental health. C) drilling holes into the skull of the affected individuals to release negative energy. D) stabilizing the emotional state of the affected individuals through catharsis. 48) Which of the following is a physician who developed a system of medical knowledge based on anatomical studies? A) Horace B) Socrates C) Galen D) Aristotle 49) Who is known as the founder of American psychiatry?Version 1 13 A) Dorothea Dix B) Benjamin Rush C) William Tuke D) Clifford Beers 50) In the context of treating psychological disorders, the "tranquilizer" chair was used to A) purify the body of evil spirits. B) induce the emotion of fear in patients. C) make individuals aware of their repressed desires. D) reduce blood flow to the brain. 51) The Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane later became the A) American Medical Association. B) American Psychological Association. C) American Psychiatric Association. D) Psychonomic Society. 52) The German psychiatrist Wilhelm Greisinger proposed that________Blank were the cause of psychological disorders. A) single nucleotide polymorphisms B) automatic thoughts C) neuropathologies D) exorcisms 53) Emil Kraepelin, promoted a classification system much like that applied to medical diagnoses. He proposed thatVersion 1 14 A) mental disorders primarily resulted from social causes. B) disorders could best be understood by probing into an individual's unconscious mind. C) disorders could be identified by their patterns of symptoms. D) mental disorders were mainly caused by evil spirits. 54) The________Blank approach to psychological disorders gained momentum as psychiatrists and psychologists proposed behavior models that included explanations of abnormality in the nineteenth century. A) spiritual B) scientific C) mystical D) social 55) Who among the following developed psychoanalysis in the early 1900s? A) Anton Mesmer B) Josef Breuer C) Sigmund Freud D) Emil Kraepelin 56) Dr. Andrew's system of practice for treating individuals with abnormalities relies heavily on the concepts of the unconscious mind, early development, and inhibited sexual impulses. Dr. Andrew is most likely to be a proponent of the________Blank theory. A) spiritual B) social conflict C) cognitive D) psychoanalytic 57) The physiologist who discovered the principles of classical conditioning wasVersion 1 15 A) Mary Ainsworth. B) Albert Bandura. C) Ivan Pavlov. D) Albert Ellis. 58) The work of Ivan Pavlov became the basis for the________Blank movement begun in the United States by John B. Watson. A) deinstitutionalization B) behaviorist C) operant conditioning D) socialist 59) Which of the following is true with regard to John B. Watson? A) He initiated the behaviorist movement in the United States. B) He developed psychoanalysis in the early 1900s. C) He is known for his discovery of classical conditioning. D) He formulated a systematic approach to operant conditioning, specifying the types and nature of reinforcement as a way to modify behavior. 60) Who started the behaviorist movement in the United States? A) Albert Bandura B) Ivan Pavlov C) Melanie Klein D) John B. Watson 61) Who among the following formulated a systematic approach to operant conditioning, specifying the types and nature of reinforcement as a way to modify behavior?