(Test Bank) Chemistry An Atoms First Approach

Zumdahl, 3

Chemistry

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3rd Edition

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Author(s): Zumdahl

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Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 1. Which of the following is NOT a practice that would be employed by a scientist? a. testing ideas by experimentation b. organizing findings in specific ways c. predicting the outcome of an experiment and then not testing the prediction d. trying to explain how nature works e. making physical models to explain the behavior of matter ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.1 - Scientific Method 2. Which of the following is NOT normally a part of scientific inquiry? a. making observations b. philosophizing c. suggesting an explanation d. testing hypotheses e. performing experiments ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.1 - Scientific Method 3. Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. The scientific method is a way of looking at the world that is different from nonscientific forms of inquiry. b. The scientific method does not allow for the use of inferences, and everything must be proven by direct observation. c. A theory is a guess about the behavior or properties of matter. d. Scientists must isolate and study one variable at a time when performing experiments. e. A behavior of matter that has universal validity is called a natural law. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.1 - Scientific Method 4. Which of the following observations does NOT relate specifically to the law of definite proportions? a. Pure water is composed of the elements oxygen and hydrogen in a mass ratio of 8 to 1. b. Any sample of a given compound always contains the same proportions by mass of the component elements. Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 c. The mass of the products of a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the starting materials of the reaction. d. When a metal reacts with oxygen, the oxygen content of the products is fixed at one or two values. e. When water is broken down into its elements by electrolysis, elemental oxygen and hydrogen are formed in an 8 to 1 mass ratio. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.2 - Fundamental Laws 5. Which of the following statements regarding fundamental chemical laws is incorrect? a. John Dalton’s experimental results led to the law of conservation of mass. b. Antoine Lavoisier’s experiments showed that the mass of the products of a chemical reaction equals the mass of the reacting substances. c. When wood is burned, the ashes weigh less than the original wood, but this is not a violation of the law of conservation of matter. d. John Dalton observed that carbon and oxygen can form two compounds, one of which has twice as much oxygen per gram of carbon as the other. e. Joseph Proust’s findings regarding the composition of various compounds led to the law of definite proportions. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.2 - Fundamental Laws 6. Which of the following statements regarding atoms and atomic theory is incorrect? a. Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms. b. The atoms of different elements are different in some fundamental way. c. Chemical compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine with each other. d. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. e. By the 1700s, all chemists believed that elements were made of atoms. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.3 - Dalton’s Atomic Theory 7. Which of the following statements regarding atoms and atomic theory is incorrect? a. Antoine Lavoisier discovered that matter is not gained or lost in a chemical reaction. b. Joseph Proust showed that when elements combine to form new substances, they do so in specific Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 mass ratios. c. According to John Dalton’s observations, when water forms, the mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is variable. d. John Dalton’s atomic theory stated that all atoms of a given element are identical. e. John Dalton discovered that in two different compounds of carbon and oxygen, the ratio of oxygen to carbon was two times higher in one compound than the other. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.3 - Dalton’s Atomic Theory 8. Which of the following is NOT part of Dalton’s atomic theory? a. Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms. b. All atoms of a given element are identical to each other. c. Atoms of one element can be changed to atoms of another element in a chemical reaction. d. Atoms combine in fixed ratios to form chemical compounds. e. Chemical reactions involve a reorganization of the atoms in the starting materials. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.3 - Dalton’s Atomic Theory 9. Which of the following statements regarding early atomic experiments is incorrect? a. J. J. Thomson postulated that the “ray” that was observed in cathode ray tubes was a stream of negatively charged particles. b. J. J. Thomson reasoned that since electrons could be produced from electrodes made of different metals, that all atoms must contain electrons. c. J. J. Thomson postulated that an atom consists of a diffuse cloud of positive charge with negative electrons randomly embedded in it. d. Ernest Rutherford’s experiment necessitated a revision of Thomson’s plum pudding model of the atom. e. All of these statements are correct. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.4 - Early Atomic Experiments and Models 10. Which of the following statements regarding early atomic experiments is incorrect? a. J. J. Thomson postulated that the “ray” that was observed in cathode ray tubes was a stream of Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4 negatively charged particles. b. Ernest Rutherford was not surprised by the result of his experiment with the metal foil and α-particles. c. J. J. Thomson postulated that an atom consists of a diffuse cloud of positive charge with negative electrons randomly embedded in it. d. Ernest Rutherford’s experiment necessitated a revision of Thomson’s plum pudding model of the atom. e. Henri Becquerel’s discovery of radioactivity was critical to the experiments that helped elucidate the structure of the atom. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.4 - Early Atomic Experiments and Models 11. The subatomic particles studied by chemists that make up the atom include all of the following except the __________. a. proton b. All of these choices are part of the atom. c. electron d. neutron e. phlogiston ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.5 - Atomic Structure 12. In any neutral atom, a. the number of electrons equals the number of protons. b. the number of electrons is less than the number of protons. c. the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons. d. the number of electrons is equal to the number of neutrons. e. the number of neutrons is always equal to the number of protons. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.5 - Atomic Structure 13. Which of the following statements regarding the nucleus of the atom is incorrect? a. The nucleus is the central core of the atom. Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5 b. The nucleus contains the electrons and the protons. c. The nucleus contains most of the mass of the atom. d. The nucleus contains the neutrons. e. The nucleus contains the neutrons and protons, as well as most of the mass of the atom. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.5 - Atomic Structure 14. The number of __________ determines the identity of an element. a. electrons b. protons c. neutrons d. neutrons plus protons e. protons plus electrons ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.5 - Atomic Structure 15. Consider the element indium, atomic number 49. The nucleus of an atom of indium-112 contains a. 49 protons, 63 neutrons, 49 electrons. b. 49 protons, 49 neutrons. c. 49 protons, 49 alpha particles. d. 49 protons, 63 neutrons. e. 49 protons, 112 neutrons. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.5 - Atomic Structure 16. has _____. a. 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 18 electrons b. 22 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons c. 20 protons, 22 neutrons, and 18 electrons d. 22 protons, 18 neutrons, and 18 electrons e. 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 22 electrons Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6 ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.5 - Atomic Structure 17. Which of the following statements is (are) true? a. and have the same number of neutrons. b. and are isotopes of each other because their mass numbers are the same. c. has the same number of electrons as . d. Two of the statements are true. e. All of the statements are true. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.5 - Atomic Structure 18. A species with 12 protons and 10 electrons is _____. a. Ne2+ b. Ti2+ c. Mg2+ d. Mg e. Ne2– ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.5 - Atomic Structure 19. The numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in are a. 20 p, 19 n, 19 e. b. 20 p, 19 n, 20 e. c. 19 p, 20 n, 20 e. d. 19 p, 20 n, 19 e. e. 19 p, 20 n, 18 e. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7 HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.5 - Atomic Structure 20. An ion is formed a. by either adding or subtracting protons from the atom. b. by either adding or subtracting electrons from the atom c. by either adding or subtracting neutrons from the atom. d. all of these are true. e. two of these are true. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.5 - Atomic Structure 21. All of the following are true EXCEPT a. ions are formed by adding electrons to a neutral atom. b. ions are formed by changing the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. c. ions are formed by removing electrons from a neutral atom. d. an ion has a positive or negative charge. e. metals tend to form positive ions. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.5 - Atomic Structure 22. The formula of water, H2O, suggests a. there is twice as much mass of hydrogen as oxygen in each molecule. b. there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom per water molecule. c. there is twice as much mass of oxygen as hydrogen in each molecule. d. there are two oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom per water molecule. e. none of these are correct. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.2 - Fundamental Laws 23. A natural law summarizes what happens in a set of experiments. a. True Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8 b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.1 - Scientific Method 24. Scientific thinking is useful only for science and has no application in everyday life. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.1 - Scientific Method 25. A theory (model) is an attempt to explain some aspect of natural behavior. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.6 - Models (Theories) Are Explanations of Why Nature Behaves in a Particular Way. 26. The law of conservation of mass is an example of a scientific theory. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.6 - Models (Theories) Are Explanations of Why Nature Behaves in a Particular Way. 27. Once a scientific theory (model) is formulated, it can never be changed. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9 HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.6 - Models (Theories) Are Explanations of Why Nature Behaves in a Particular Way. 28. A natural law is a rule that is enacted by a group of influential scientists. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.2 - Fundamental Laws 29. The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.2 - Fundamental Laws 30. Scientific theories are explanations of natural behavior. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.6 - Models (Theories) Are Explanations of Why Nature Behaves in a Particular Way. 31. The first “chemist” to perform truly quantitative experiments was J. J. Thomson. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.3 - Dalton’s Atomic Theory 32. John Dalton’s atomic theory accounted for the existence of different isotopes of elements. Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10 a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.3 - Dalton’s Atomic Theory 33. John Dalton’s atomic theory stated that chemical compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine with each other. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.3 - Dalton’s Atomic Theory 34. J. J. Thomson reasoned that since electrons could be produced from electrodes made of different metals, then all atoms must contain electrons. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.4 - Early Atomic Experiments and Models 35. J. J. Thomson postulated that atoms consist of a diffuse cloud of negative charge. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.4 - Early Atomic Experiments and Models 36. Ernest Rutherford proposed the “plum pudding” model of the atom. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11 QUESTION TYPE: True / False HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.4 - Early Atomic Experiments and Models 37. The process at the center of scientific inquiry is called the __________. ANSWER: scientific method POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.1 - Scientific Method 38. A __________ is a possible explanation for an observation. ANSWER: hypothesis POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.1 - Scientific Method 39. A natural __________ summarizes what happens in a series of experiments, and a __________ is an attempt to explain why it happens. ANSWER: law; theory POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.1 - Scientific Method 40. The law of __________ states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. ANSWER: conservation of mass POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.2 - Fundamental Laws 41. The law of __________ states that a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass. ANSWER: definite proportions POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.2 - Fundamental Laws 42. __________ states that at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain the same number of particles. Chapter 01 – Chemical Foundations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12 ANSWER: Avogadro’s hypothesis POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.2 - Fundamental Laws 43. The __________ in a chemical formula represent the number of atoms in a particular molecule or formula unit. ANSWER: subscripts POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.01.2 - Fundamental Laws Chapter 02 – Atomic Structure and Periodicity Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 1. When ignited, a uranium compound burns with a green flame. The wavelength of the light given off by this flame is greater than that of _____. a. red light b. infrared light c. radio waves d. ultraviolet light e. none of these are correct ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.02.2 - Electromagnetic Radiation 2. Which form of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelengths? a. Gamma rays b. Microwaves c. Radio waves d. Infrared radiation e. X-rays ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.02.2 - Electromagnetic Radiation 3. Which of the following frequencies corresponds to light with the longest wavelength? a. 3.00 × 1013 s–1 b. 4.12 × 105 s–1 c. 8.50 × 1020 s–1 d. 9.12 × 1012 s–1 e. 3.20 × 109 s–1 ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.02.2 - Electromagnetic Radiation 4. Which of the following are incorrectly paired? a. Wavelength – λ b. Frequency – ν c. Speed of light – c Chapter 02 – Atomic Structure and Periodicity Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 d. Hertz – s–1 e. X-rays – shortest wavelength ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.02.2 - Electromagnetic Radiation 5. When a strontium salt is ignited, it burns with a red flame. The frequency of the light given off by this flame is greater than _____. a. yellow light b. infrared light c. ultraviolet light d. radio waves e. x-rays ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.02.2 - Electromagnetic Radiation 6. Rank the following types of electromagnetic radiation from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength: visible, ultraviolet, microwave, infrared, x-ray. a. x-ray > visible > ultraviolet > infrared > microwave b. x-ray > ultraviolet > visible > microwave > infrared c. x-ray > ultraviolet > visible > infrared > microwave d. infrared > microwave > ultraviolet > visible > x-ray e. microwave > infrared > visible > ultraviolet > x-ray ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.02.2 - Electromagnetic Radiation 7. Rank the following types of electromagnetic radiation from highest frequency to lowest frequency: visible, ultraviolet, microwave, infrared, x-ray. a. x-ray > visible > ultraviolet > infrared > microwave b. x-ray > ultraviolet > visible > microwave > infrared c. x-ray > ultraviolet > visible > infrared > microwave d. infrared > microwave > ultraviolet > visible > x-ray e. microwave > infrared > visible > ultraviolet > x-ray Chapter 02 – Atomic Structure and Periodicity Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.02.2 - Electromagnetic Radiation 8. Rank the following types of electromagnetic radiation from highest energy to lowest energy: visible, ultraviolet, microwave, infrared, x-ray. a. x-ray > visible > ultraviolet > infrared > microwave b. x-ray > ultraviolet > visible > microwave > infrared c. infrared > microwave > ultraviolet > visible > x-ray d. x-ray > ultraviolet > visible > infrared > microwave e. microwave > infrared > ultraviolet > visible > x-ray ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.02.2 - Electromagnetic Radiation 9. List the following colors of visible light from highest frequency to lowest frequency: green, blue, yellow, red, violet a. red > yellow > green > blue > violet b. violet > yellow > green > blue > red c. blue > violet > green > red > yellow d. violet > blue > green > yellow > red e. yellow > red > green > violet > blue ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AF.ZUMD.21.02.2 - Electromagnetic Radiation 10. List the following colors of visible light from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength: green, blue, yellow, red, violet a. red > yellow > green > blue > violet b. violet > yellow > green > blue > red c. blue > violet > green > red > yellow d. violet > blue > green > yellow > red e. yellow > red > green > violet > blue ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice