(Test Bank) Focus on Nursing Pharmacology

Karch, 8

Pharmacology

Test Bank

8th Edition

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Test Bank for Focus on Nursing Pharmacology, The downloadable file consists of 3354 pages, and the total size of the file is 27.29 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Karch

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Study Note Preview

Focus on Nursing Pharmacology Eighth EditionFocus on Nursing Pharmacology Eighth Edition Amy M. K arch, RN, MS, CNS Associ ate Professor of C linical Nursi ng Universi ty of R ochest er School of Nursi ng Rochest er, New York Rebecca G . Tucker, P hD, ACNP C, MEd, RN Contributing Editor Assistant Professor of C linical Nursi ng Universi ty of R ochest er School of Nursi ng Rochest er, New York Vice President and P ublisher: Julie K. S tegman Director of Product Devel opment: Jennifer K. F orestieri Acqui sitions Editor: Kelley Squazzo Director of Nursing Cont ent Publishing: Renee Gagl iardi Supervisory Devel opment Editor: Staci Wol fson and Gr eg Ni choll Marketing M anager : Brittany Cl ements Editorial Assistant: Leo Gr ay Editorial Coor dinator: John L arkin Designer: Teresa Mal lon Art Director: Jennifer Clements Manufacturing Coor dinator: Karin Duf field Product ion Service: SPi Global Eighth Edition Copyright © 2020 Wol ters Kluwer Copyr ight © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008, 2006, 2003, 2000 by L ippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved. T his book i s protected by copyr ight. No par t of this book m ay be r eproduced or transm itted in any f orm or by any m eans, including as phot ocopi es or scanned- in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any i nformation storage and r etrieval system without written per mission from the copyr ight owner , except for brief quot ations embodied in critical articles and r eviews. M aterials appear ing in this book pr epared by i ndividuals as part of their official duties as U.S . gover nment employees are not cover ed by t he above- mentioned copyr ight. To reques t permission, pl ease cont act Wolters Kluwer at Two Com merce Square, 2001 M arket Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, vi a em ail at permissions@lww.com , or via our websi te at shop.l ww.com (product s and ser vices). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in Chi na Cataloging-in-Publication Data available on request from the Publisher ISBN: 978-1-9751-0096-4 This work is provided “as is,” and t he publ isher disclaims any and al l warranties, expr ess or implied, including any war ranties as t o accur acy, com prehens ivenes s, or currency of the cont ent of this work. This work is no s ubstitute for individual patient assessment based upon heal thcare professionals’ exam ination of each pat ient and consi deration of , among ot her things, age, wei ght, gender , current or prior medical condi tions, medication hi story, laboratory dat a and ot her factors unique t o the pat ient. The publ isher does not provide m edical advi ce or guidance and t his work is merely a reference t ool. Heal thcare professionals, and not the publ isher, are solely respons ible for the us e of this work including all medical judgm ents and f or any r esulting di agnosi s and t reatments. Given cont inuous , rapid advances in medical science and heal th information, independent professional verification of medical diagnos es, indications, appr opriate phar maceut ical selections and dos ages, and treatment options should be m ade and heal thcare professionals should consul t a var iety of sources. When pr escribing m edication, heal thcare professionals are advi sed to consul t the pr oduct information sheet (the m anufacturer's package i nsert) accom panyi ng each dr ug to ver ify, am ong ot her things,condi tions of use, war nings and si de ef fects and i dentify any changes in dos age s chedul e or contraindications, particularly if the m edication to be adm inistered is new, i nfrequent ly used or has a narrow therapeut ic range. T o the m aximum extent permitted under appl icable law, no r espons ibility is assumed by t he publ isher for any i njury and/ or dam age t o per sons or property, as a matter of product s liability, negl igence l aw or otherwise, or from any r eference t o or use by any per son of this work. shop.l ww.comIn memory of Amy M. K arch Amy was a prolific and brilliant author who was dedicated to her dream of facilitating the learni ng of nurses who wanted to be the best for their patients/families. We (the faculty at the Universi ty of Rochest er) were blessed to work with her generous and humorous soul. I was additionally fortunate to have her as a ment or and friend. Amy started to revise this edition, but then asked me to help. I am extremel y honored to be able to continue her work inhope that her dream will be ongoi ng. This edition is dedicated to Amy and her loving family. Rebecca G. Tucker Assistant Professor, C linical Nursing Universi ty of Rochest er School of Nursing Rochest er, N ew York I met Amy Karch for the first time when I assumed the role of Publisher for Nursing Educat ion at Wolters Kluwer several years ago. She immedi ately impressed me with her enthusiasm for nursi ng educa tion and her clear devot ion to her student s. Amy also was passi onate about online educat ion, designing her own courses and ensuri ng she devel oped a relationshi p with her student s no matter the type of class or learni ng modal ity, while also ensuri ng they were prepared and know ledgeabl e about nursi ng pharmacol ogy. Amy was a consummat e professional during her work on publications with us and an advocat e for her profession. All of us at Wolters Kluwer will great ly miss Amy and are grateful we had the opport unity to work with and learn from her. We are proud that this eighth edition of Focus on Nursi ng Pharm acology i s part of the great legacy she l eaves behi nd. Julie K. Stegman Vice President and P ublisher, N ursing Educat ion Heal th Learni ng, R esearch & Practice Wolters K luwerREVIEWERS Karen Atki ns, MSN, R N Nursi ng Faculty Stratford Uni versi ty Woodbri dge, Vi rginia Maria Brosnan, MNS, AC NP-B C Associ ate Professor Carrol l College Helena, Mont ana Elicia S. Collins, MSN, R N Clinical Instructor of Nursi ng Clayton State Uni versi ty Morrow, Georgi a Andrew M. Peterson, Pharm D, PhD, FC PP John Wyet h Dean E meritus Professor of C linical Pharm acy Philadelphia College of P harm acy Universi ty of t he Sciences i n Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsyl vania Leslie Reifel, MSN, R N, C PNP, C NE Associ ate Professor Sentara C ollege of Heal th Sciences Chesapeake, Vi rginia Missy Smiley, R N, M SNNursi ng Inst ructor Wayne C ommunity College Glassboro, Nort h Carolina Laura Wal lace, C NM, PhD Associ ate Professor of Nursi ng Brenau Uni versi ty Gainesvi lle, Georgi aPREFACE Pharm acology is a difficult course to teach in a standard nursi ng curri culum, whet her it be a diploma, associ ate, baccal aureat e, or graduat e program . Teachers are difficult to find, and time and money often dictate that the invaluable content of such a course be incorporat ed into other courses. As a resul t, the content is often lost. At the same time, changes in medical care delivery—m ore outpatient and home care, short er hospi tal stays, and more self-care—have resul ted in additional legal and professi onal responsi bilities for nurses, making them more responsi ble for the safe and effect ive delivery of drug therapy. Prevent ion of medication errors has becom e a national challenge. Pharm acology shoul d not be such a form idable obstacle in the nursi ng curri culum. The study of drug therapy incorpora tes physi ology, pathophysi ology, chem istry, and nursi ng fundam entals—subj ects that are already taught in most school s. A textbook that approaches pharm acology as an underst andabl e, teachabl e, and learnabl e subject woul d great ly facilitate the incorporat ion of this subject into nursi ng curri cula. Yet many nursi ng pharm acology texts are large and burdensom e, mainly because they need to cover not only the basic pharm acology but also the particulars included in each area consi dered. The eighth edition of Focus on Nursing Pharmacol ogy is based on the prem ise that student s first need to have a solid and clearly focused concept of the principles of drug therapy before they can easily grasp the myriad details associ ated wi th individual drugs. Armed with a fundam ental knowl edge of pharm acology, the student can appreci ate and use the speci fic details that are so readi ly available in the many annual ly updat ed and published nursi ng drug guides, such as the Lippincott Nursing Drug Gui de. With this goal in mind, Focus on Nursing Pharmacol ogy provi des a conci se, user-fri endly, and uncluttered text for the modern student . Thisdifficult subject is present ed in a stream lined, underst andabl e, teachabl e, and learnabl e manner. Because this book is designed to be used in conjunction with a handbook of current drug inform ation, it remains stream lined. This eighth edition of Focus on Nursing Pharmacol ogy continues to emphasi ze “need-t o-know” concept s. The text reviews and integrat es previ ously learned knowl edge of physi ology, chem istry, and nursi ng fundam entals into chapt ers focused on helping student s concept ualize what is important to know about each group of drugs. Il lustrations, boxes, and t ables sum up concept s to enhance l earni ng. Special features further focus student learni ng on clinical application, critical thinking, patient safet y, lifespan issues related to drug therapy, evidence- based pract ice, patient teachi ng, and case study–based critical thinking exerci ses that incorporat e nursi ng process principles. The text incorporat es study materials that concl ude each chapt er. Check Your Underst anding sections provi de both new- and old-form at National Counci l Licensure Examination (NCLEX)-st yle review quest ions, as well as study guide review quest ions to help the student master the material and prepare for the national licensi ng exam . Focus on Teachi ng/Learning Activities (avai lable at http://thepoi nt.lww.com /), a tradem ark of Wolters Kluwer Heal th, is a web-based course and content managem ent system that provi des every resource instructors and student s need in one easy-t o-use site, where t eachi ng, learni ng, and t echnol ogy cl ick! Student Resources Student s can visit to access suppl emental multimedia resources to enhance their learni ng experi ence, downl oad content, upload assignments, and join an online study group. offers a variety of free student resources, including NCLEX-Style Student Review Quest ions, Watch and Learn video clips, Practice and Learn activities, dosage calculation quizzes, and a Spanish-English Audi o Glossary. It has free journal articles related to topics discussed in the Focus on Safe Medi cation Adm inistration boxes from the book. Also included are videos on prevent ing medication errors and three-di mensional animated depi ctions of pharm acology concept s.New with this edition, | Pharm acology, a new virtual simulation platform , is available via . Codevel oped by Laerdal Medi cal and | Pharm acology helps student s devel op clinical competence and decision-m aking skills as they interact with virtual patients in a safe, realistic environm ent. records and assesses student decisions throughout the simulation, then provi des a personal ized feedback log highlighting areas needi ng improvem ent. Also available via , Lippincott DocuC are combines web-based electronic health record simulation software with clinical case scenari os that link directly to many of the skills present ed in Focus on Nursing Pharmacol ogy. Lippincott DocuC are’s nonlinear solution works well in the classroom , simulation lab, and cl inical pract ice. Instructor Resources Advanced technol ogy and superi or content combine at to allow instructors to design and deliver online and offline courses, maintain grades and class rosters, and communicate with student s. also provi des additional resources, including Pre-Lecture Quizzes, PowerP oints with Guided Lecture Notes, Discussi on Topics, Assignments, and over 1,700 Test Generat or quest ions! Lippincott® CoursePoi nt+ The same trusted solution, innovat ion, and unmatched support that you have come to expect from Lippincott CourseP oint+ is now enhanced with more engagi ng learni ng tools and deeper analytics to help prepare student s for pract ice. This powerful ly integrat ed, digital learni ng solution combines learni ng tools, case studies, virtual simulation, real-time data, and the most trusted nursi ng educat ion content on the market to make curri culum-wide learni ng more efficient and to meet student s where they’re at in their learni ng. And now, it’s easier than ever for instructors and student s to use, giving them ever ything they need for course and curri culum success! Lippincott Coursepoi nt+ includes: Engagi ng course content provi des a variety of learni ng tools to engagestudent s of al l learni ng st yles. A more personal ized learni ng approach, including adapt ive learni ng powered by PrepU, gives student s the content and tools they need at the moment they need it, giving them data for more focused remediation and hel ping to boost their confi dence. Varyi ng levels of case studies, virtual simulation, and access to Lippincott Advi sor help student s learn the critical thinking and clinical judgm ent skills to hel p them becom e pract ice-ready nurses. Unparal leled report ing provi des in-dept h dashboards with several data points to track student progress and help identify strengt hs and weaknesses. Unm atched support includes training coaches, product trainers, and nursi ng educat ion consul tants to help educat ors and student s implement CourseP oint with ease. Organization Focus on Nursing Pharmacol ogy is organi zed following a “simple-to- complex” approach, much like the syllabus for a basic nursi ng pharm acology course. Because student s learn best “from the bottom up,” the text is divided into distinct parts. Part I begins with an overvi ew of basic nursi ng pharm acology, including such new challenges as bioterrori sm, street drugs, herbal therapi es, the importance of prevent ing medication errors and the inform ation overl oad; each of the other parts begins with a review of the physi ology of the system affect ed by the speci fic drugs being discussed. This review refreshes the inform ation for the student and provi des a quick and easy reference when he or she i s readi ng about drug act ions. Part II of the text introduces the drug classes, starting with the chem otherapeut ic agent s—bot h antimicrobi al and antineopl astic drugs. Because the effect iveness of these drugs depends on their interference with the most basic element of body physi ology—t he cell—student s can easily underst and the pharm acology of this class. Mast ering the pharm acotherapeut ic effect s of this drug class helps the student establish a firm grasp of the basic principles taught in Part I. Once the easiest pharm acological concept s are underst ood, the student is prepared to move onto the m ore chal lenging physi ological and pharm acological concept s. Part III focuses on drugs affect ing the immune system because recen t knowl edge about the immune system has made it the cornerst one of modern therapy. All of the immune system drugs act in ways in which the immune system woul d act if it were able. Recent immunological research has contributed to a much great er underst anding of this system, making it important to position inform ation about drugs affect ing this system close to the begi nning of t he text instead of at the end as has been t he cust om. Parts IV and V of the text address drugs that affect the nervous system, the basic funct ioning system of the body. Following the discussi on of the nervous system, and closely linked with it in Part VI, is the endocri ne system. The sequence of these parts introduces student s to the concept of control, teaches them about the interrelatedness of these two systems, and prepares them for underst anding many aspect s of shared physi ological funct ion and the inevitable linking of the two systems into one: the neuroendocri ne syst em. Parts VII, VIII, and IX discuss drugs affect ing the reproduct ive, cardi ovascul ar, and renal systems, respect ively. The sequenci ng of cardi ovascul ar and renal drugs is logical because most of the augm enting cardi ovascul ar drugs (such as di uretics) affect the renal system. Part X covers drugs that act on the respi ratory system, which provi des the link bet ween t he left and ri ght vent ricles of t he heart . Part XI addresses drugs acting on the gastrointestinal system. The gastrointestinal system stands on its own; it does not share any actions with any ot her syst em. Text Features The features in this text are skillfully designed to support the text discussi on, encouragi ng the student to look at the whol e patient and to focus on the essent ial inform ation that is important to learn about each drug class. Important features in the eighth edition focus on incorporat ing basic nursi ng skills, patient safet y, critical thinking, and application of the material learned to the clinical scenari o, helping the student to underst and the pharm acology material.Special Elements and Learni ng Aids Each chapt er opens with a list of learni ng objectives for that chapt er, helping the student underst and what the key learni ng points will be. A list of featured drugs and a glossary of key terms are also found on the openi ng chapt er page. Key points appear periodically throughout each chapt er to summarize important concept s. The text of each chapt er ends with a summary of important concept s. This is followed by a series of review exerci ses, Check Your Underst anding, which includes NCLEX-style quest ions in the new form at to focus student learni ng on the seminal inform ation present ed in the chapt er. In the Nursing Considerat ions section of each chapt er, italics highlight the rationale for each nursi ng intervent ion, helping the student to apply the inform ation in a cl inical situation. E lsewhere i n the text, the rat ionale is consi stently provi ded for therapeut ic drug actions, contraindications, and adverse effect s. In the Drug L ist at the beginning of each chapt er, a speci al icon appears next to the drug that is consi dered the prototype drug of each class. In each chapt er, prototype summary boxes spotlight need to know inform ation for each prot otype drug. Drugs in Focus tables clearly summarize and identify the drugs within a class, highlighting them by generi c and trade names, usual dosage, and indications. Focus on Safe Medi cation Administration boxes present important safet y inform ation to help keep the patient safe, prevent medication errors, and i ncrease t he therapeut ic effect iveness of t he drugs. Focus on the Evidence boxes compile inform ation based on research to identify the best nursi ng pract ices associ ated wi th speci fic drug t herapy. Focus on Herbal and Alternat ive Therapi es boxes highlight known interact ions with speci fic herbs or alternat ive therapi es that could affect the act ions of t he drugs bei ng di scussed. Focus on Calculations reviews are designed to help the student hone calculation and measurem ent skills while learni ng about the drugs for which doses m ight need t o be cal culated. Focus on Drug Therapy across the Lifespan boxes conci sely summarize points to consi der when using the drugs of each class with children,