(Test Bank) Animal Physiology

Hills,Wyse,Anderson, 4

Physiology

Test Bank

4th Edition

• $15.00 $50.00

---

Description

Test Bank for Animal Physiology, The downloadable file consists of 675 pages, and the total size of the file is 16.68 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Hills, Wyse, Anderson

---

---

Study Note Preview

ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY 4TH EDITION TEST BANK BY HILLS, WYSE, ANDERSON © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. Test Bank to accompany Animal Physiology, Fourth Edition Hill • Wyse • Anderson Chapt er 1: Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage TEST BANK QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Which statement about the discipline of physiology is false ? a. It is a key discipline for understanding how animals change over Earth’s history. b. It is a key discipline for understanding the fundamental biology of all animals. c. It is a key discipline for understanding human health and disease. d. It is a key dis cipline for understanding the health and disease of nonhuman animals. Answer: a Textbook Reference: The Importance of Physiology Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 2. To understand how a fish propels itself by applying forces to the water, physiologists woul d study its a. biomechanics. b. evolution. c. ecology. d. cell physiology. Answer: a Textbook Reference: The Highly Integrative Nature of Physiology Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 3. The data in the graph below would be relevant to which subdiscipline of physiology ? © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. a. Evolution b. Cell physiology c. Morphology d. Ecology Answer: d Textbook Reference: The Highly Integrative Nature of Physiology Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 4. In the study of physiology, the term “_______” refers to the compo nents of living animals and the interactions among those components that enable animals to perform as they do. a. feedback b. regulation c. natural selection d. mechanism Answer: d Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Question s Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 5. How is the light reaction in the firefly inhibited? a. Mitochondria prevent oxygen from reacting with luciferyl -AMP . b. Nitric oxide combines with oxygen to prevent reaction with luciferyl -AMP . c. ATP is prevented fro m combining with luciferin . d. Luciferase is prevented from catalyzing the reaction . Answer: a Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 6. Which of the following is not needed in the m echanism of light production in the firefly? a. Oxygen b. ATP c. Light d. Luciferin Answer: c Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 7. In the firefly , light is emitted when a. ATP combines with luciferin , forming luciferyl -AMP. b. released n itric oxide blocks the mitochondria’s use of oxygen. c. the electron -excited product of O 2 and luciferyl -AMP returns to its ground state. d. luciferase is activated by oxygen. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 8. Which of the following is considered the “on” switch for the light -emitting reaction of the firefly? a. Oxygen b. Luciferase c. Nitric oxide d. ATP Answ er: c Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 9. A physiological mechanism or other trait that is a product of evolution and is advantageous is called a. an adaptation . b. natural selectio n. c. adaptive significance . d. evolution . Answer: a Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 10. What is the adaptive significance of light emission in the firefly? a. Female fireflies emit light in such a way that distinguish es their species. b. All fireflies emit light to lure prey. c. Male fireflies emit light to attract mates. d. Male fireflies emit light to evade predators. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiol ogy’s Two Central Questions Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 11. Which of the following is a similar ity between an octopus and a fish? a. The evolutionary adaptation of excellent vision b. The mechanism of vision c. The processing of visual signals befo re reaching the optic nerve d. The neuroanatomy of the eye Answer: a Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluati ng 12. Research in the field of _______ physiology emphasi zes synthesis across l evels of biological organization. a. evolutionary b. comparative c. environmental d. integrative © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Th is Book’s Approach to Physiolog y Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 13. Which statement regarding animals is true? a. Ther e is no distinction between an animal and its environment. b. Once adults, a nimals are structurally static . c. All a nimals require energy to maintain their organization. d. Body size is significant in the lives of only small animals. Answer: c Textbook Ref erence: Animals Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 14. Most cells of an animal a. are exposed to the external environment. b. are exposed to the internal environment. c. fluctuate between exposure to the external environment and the internal environment. d. turn over while being exposed to the internal environment. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 15.–17. Refer to the figure s below. 15. Which figure refer s to a physiological trait that is regulated by an organism? © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. a. I b. II c. III d. IV Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 16. A migrating salmon regulate s its internal Cl– concentration , shown in figure _______, while conforming to water temperature , shown in figure _______. a. I; II b. II; I c. II; IV d. I; III Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 17. Figure _______ shows an animal ’s regulat ion of its body temperature as the external temperature increases. Figure _______ shows no regulation of its body temperature as external temperature increase s. a. I; II b. II; I c. II; IV d. II; III Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 18. Which statement regarding physiological conformity and regulation is true? a. All animals will eventually conform . b. Animals are either regulators or conformers . c. An animal cannot be both a n ion regulator and a temperature conformer . d. Conforming is more metabolically expensive than regulating . Answer: a Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Categ ory: 5. Evaluating 19. The functioning of regulatory mechanisms that automatically make adjustments to maintain internal constancy is called a. conformity. b. feedback. c. homeostasis. d. regulation. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 20. During childbirth, muscular contractions acting to expel the fetus from the uterus induce hormonal signals that induce even more intense contractions. This is an example of a. homeostasis. b. negative feedback. c. a set point. d. posit ive feedback. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 21. Physiological changes that occur by alteration of gene frequencies over the course of many generations are referred to as _______ changes. a. acute b. chronic c. evolutionary d. developmental Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 22. _______ is an example of “abandoning constancy” during thermoregulation. a. Sweating b. Shivering c. Hibernating d. Huddling Answer: c Textbook Refere nce: Animals Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 23. What is the princip al advantage of conformity ? a. The process requires a large amount of energy. b. It allows cells to maintain a steady state. c. Very little energy is used by this process. d. Cells are subj ect to changes in their conditions. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 24. Sweating in response to heat is an example of a(n) a. acute change. b. chronic change. c. evolutionary change. d. developmental change. © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. Answer : a Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 25.–26. Refer to the figure below. 25. What type of physiological response does the figure refer to ? a. Chronic response b. Acute response c. Evolutionary response d. Developmental re sponse Answer: a Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 26. If the heat exposure were removed, the line in the diagram would a. continue to show a plateau . b. drop sharply . c. gradually drop to its initial starting point . d. drop but be maintained somewhere at the middle level . Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 27. Which response is the longest lasting ? a. Acute response b. Chronic response c. Evolutionary response d. Developmental response Answer: c © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 28. Rainbow trout captured and brought into a lab aquarium undergo a chronic adjustment to the conditions in the lab. This process is called a. phenotypic plasticity . b. feedback inhibition . c. acclimatization . d. acclimation . Answer: d Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 29.–31. Refer to the figure below. 29. What statistical method was used to draw the trend line in the figure ? a. Phylogenetically independent co ntrasts b. Ordinary least squares regression c. Weight -specific mean d. Logarithmic scaling Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 30. According to the figure, w hat is the expected gestation period of a warthog? a. 20 weeks © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. b. 24 weeks c. 30 weeks d. 55 weeks Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 31. Which species in the figure shows an actual gestation period that is furthest from its expected gestation period? a. Bushbuck b. Dikdik c. Warthog d. Mountain zebra Answer: d Textbook Reference: Animals Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 32. Which statement regarding the Antarctic fish species rock cod is false ? a. Some species have no hemoglobin . b. The fish metabolically synthesize antifreeze to keep fr om freezing . c. The fish live their entire lives at body temperatures near –1.6°C . d. If acclimated slowly enough, the fish can survive in tropical waters . Answer: d Textbook Reference: Environments Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 33. _______ can tolerate a body temperature of _______ , one of the highest body temperatures recorded for any vertebrate animal . a. Human s; 50°C b. Thermophilic archaea; 100°C c. The desert iguana; 48.5°C d. Sea star s; 45.5°C Answer: c Textbook Reference: Environments Bloom’s Cat egory: 1. Remembering 34.–35. Refer to the figure below. © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. 34. This figure show s that a. the number of butterfl y species increases as one moves toward the equator. b. butterfly populations are larger near the equator than at any other latitude . c. the nu mber of butterfl y species increases as latitude increases. d. the butterfl y population increases as latitude increases. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Environments Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 35. The environmental factor that is most responsible for the data shown in the figure is a. sunlight . b. food. c. temperature . d. water. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Environments Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyz ing 36. In which habitat would O2 concentration most likely be the lowest ? a. A subnivean air space b. An open meadow at 4000 m elevation c. The bottom of a waterfall © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. d. Pond water with a lot of algae Answer: d Textbook Reference: Environments Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 37. At altitudes above _______ m , people often find simply walking uphill to be a significant challenge . a. 5000 b. 6500 c. 9000 d. 10,000 Answer: b Textbook Reference: Environments Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 38. In order to obtain O 2, water-breathers face a substantially greater challenge compared to air -breath ers. Which of the fol lowing is not a reason for this difference ? a. Water contains less O 2 per liter than air does. b. Water is dense r than air. c. Water can become anoxic more readily than air can. d. Oxygen diffuses more slowly across respiratory surfaces in water than in ai r. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Environments Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 39. Most invertebrates that live in the ocean , such as sea stars and corals , a. tend to lose water via osmosis. b. must drink water. c. must actively excrete water. d. do not gain or lose much water. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Environments Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 40. Which animal osmotically gains the most water per gram on a daily basis? a. Sea star b. Goldfish c. Coral d. Reef fish Answer: b Textbook Reference : Environments Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 41. Certain _______ can tolerate almost complete desiccation . a. toad s b. tardigrade s © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. c. marine bony fish d. goldfish Answer: b Textbook Reference: Environments Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 42. The subn ivean air space is an example of a(n) a. microenvironment . b. desert burrow . c. hibernating area . d. anoxic environment . Answer: a Textbook Reference: Environments Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 43. Which process most likely leads to adaptive evolutio n? a. Natural selection b. Genetic drift c. Bottlenecks d. Pleiotropy Answer: a Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 44. Which observation best demonstrates the process of evolution ? a. The increased presence of a trait favored by natural selection b. A change of gene frequencies over time c. The shifting of gene frequencies in a population because of random events d. The change in an animal ’s phenotype in response to environmental change Answer: b Textbook Referenc e: Evolutionary Processes Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 45. The shift in g ene frequencies in smaller populations because of random deaths is referred to as a. evolution . b. nonadaptive evolution . c. genetic drift . d. pleiotropy . Answer: c Textbook Refe rence: Evolutionary Processes Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 46. Because of _______ , populations of the mosquito Culex pipiens are experiencing increased resistance to organophosphates and _______ in areas where organophosphates are sprayed. © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. a. pleiotro py; reduc ed cold tolerance b. maladaptation; all other insecticides c. nonadaptive evolution; accelerat ed larval developmental stages d. natural selection; altered sex ratio s Answer: a Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes Bloom’s Category: 1. Rememb ering 47. Which conclusion was not made from the seminal 1979 paper by Gould and Lewontin? a. Natural selection in the present environment is just one of several processes by which a species may come to exhibit a trait . b. When physiologists refer to a tr ait as an adaptation, they are making a hypothesis that natural selection has occurred . c. Data must be gathered in order to assess whether adaptation is likely to have occurred . d. Indirect evidence cannot be used to support the hypothesis of adaptation . Answer: d Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 48. Which method is based on the premise that although we cannot see evolution that occurr ed in the past, the many kinds of animals alive today provide us with many examp les of outcomes of evolution, and patterns we identify in these outcomes may provide insights into processes that occurred long ago ? a. Studies of laboratory populations over many generations b. The adaptation method c. Phylogenetic reconstruction d. The comparative method Answer: d Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 49. Which technique for the study of adaptation was used to generate the data shown in the figure below ? © 201 6 Sinauer Associates, Inc. a. Studies of laboratory populations ove r many generations b. Single -generation studies of individual variation c. Creation of variation for study d. Studies of genetic structures of natural populations Answer: b Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 50. The r aw material (s) for evolution is (are) a. trait variation . b. natural selection . c. clines . d. alleles . Answer: d Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 51.–53. Refer to the figure below.