(Test Bank) Psychology: An Exploration

9780135199770, Ciccarelli,White, 5

Psychology

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5th Edition

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Author(s): Ciccarelli, White

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Psychology: An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White Appendix A: Statistics in Psychology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the branch of mathematics that is concerned with the collection and interpretation of data from samples? a) sampling Incorrect. Sampling is selecting a representative group from a population. b) statistics Correct. Statistics concern collection and interpretation of numerical data from samples. c) psychometrics Incorrect. Psychometrics is the study of assessment and measurement instruments. d) frequencies Incorrect. Frequencies refe r to how often a data point occurs in a sample. Answer: b Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychologists and psychology majors. Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learni ng Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 2. __________ are used by psychologists to analyze data to answer questions from their research. a) Variables Incorrect. Variables are manipulated or measured in re search. b) Operations Incorrect. Statistics are used to analyze data in a study. c) Statistics Correct. Statistics are used to analyze data in a study. d) Inferences Incorrect. Statistics are used to analyze data in a study. Answer: c Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychologists and psychology majors. Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and o verarching themes in psychology. 3. From the population of college students at your university, you randomly select 40 people to participate in yourresearch study. This is your __________ for your research. a) sample Correct. A sample is a small number of people taken from a larger population for a study. b) group Incorrect. A sample is generally divided into groups in a study. c) population Incorrect. The population is the large group of individuals you hope to generalize to for your research. d)variable Incorrect. A sample is a small number of people taken from a larger population. Answer: a Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychologists and psychology majors. Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics? Difficulty Level: Moder ate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 2 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 4. __________ allow psychologists to summarize information from a study or experiment and make judgments and decision s about data. a) Samples Incorrect. A sample is a group selected from a population to use in a research study. b) Statistics Correct. Statistics help psychologists summarize data and make decisions about data. c) Variables Incorrect. Variables are manipula ted during an experiment, but statistics help psychologists make decisions about data. d) Deviations Incorrect. A deviation measures how spread out data is, but statistics help psychologists make decisions about data. Answer: b Learning Objective: A.1 Expl ain why statistics are important to psychologists and psychology majors. Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes i n psychology. 5. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding statistics? a) It is a way of trying to account for errors that exist in almost any body of data. Incorrect. This is actually an accurate statement about statistics. b) It allows us to make judgments and decisions about data. Incorrect. This is actually an accurate statement about statistics. c) It allows you to summarize the information from a study or experiment. Incorrect. This is an accurate statement about statistics. d) Knowledge of statistics cannot assist you in securing a job in the future. Correct. Statistics can actually help you secure a job. Answer: d Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychologists and psychology majors. Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics? Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 6. __________ statistics are a way of organizing nu mbers and summarizing them so that patterns can be determined. a) Variable Incorrect. While variables are part of statistics, descriptive statistics help organize and summarize numbers. b) Tendency Incorrect. Descriptive statistics organize and summarize d ata. c) Descriptive Correct. Descriptive statistics organize and summarize data. d) Experimental Incorrect. Descriptive statistics organize and summarize data. Answer: c Learning Objective: None Topic: A.2–A.4 Descriptive Statistics Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 7. Claudia has gathered some data and is interested in determining how spread out all of the scores are that she gathered for each of her groups. Claudia will want to use a measure of __________ to find her answer. a) central tendency Incorrect. The central tendency is the mean, median, and mode. It does not measure variability. b) frequency Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 3 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Incorrect. Frequency reports how often a data point is represented in data; variability determines how spread apart data point are. c) variability Correct. Variability is the measure of how spread apart data scores are. d) regularity Incorrect. Variability is the measure of how spread apart data scor es are. Answer: c Learning Objective: None Topic: A.2 –A.4 Descriptive Statistics Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 8. When you want to find one score that seems typical of your sample, it would be best to find a __________. a) range Incorrect. Range is a measure of the spread of data points. b) measure of central tendency Correct. A measure of central tendency will give you a good measure typical of your sample. c) measure of variability Incorrect. The best way to find a score that is typical of your data is to use a measure of central tendency. d) distribution Incorrect. A measure of central tendency will be the best representation of you r data. Answer: b Learning Objective: None Topic: A.2 –A.4 Descriptive Statistics Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 9. A __________ is a table or graph that shows how often different numbers, or scores, appear in a particular set of scores. a) normal curve Incorrect. A frequency distribution is a table or graph that shows how often different numbers, or scores, appear in a particular set of scores. b) frequency distribution Correct. A frequency distribution is a table or graph that shows how often different numbers, or scores, appear in a particular set of scores. c) skewed distribution Incorrect. A skewed distribution is a subtype of a freq uency distribution, which is the correct answer. d) bimodal distribution Incorrect. A bimodal distribution is a subtype of a frequency distribution, which is the correct answer. Answer: b Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns of data. Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 10. A polygon is to a __________ as a histogram is to a __________. a) pie; normal distribution Incorrect. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph. b) bar; normal distribution Incorrect. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph. c) line; bar Correct. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph. Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 4 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. d) bar; pie Incorrect. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph. Answer: c Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns of data. Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 11. A frequency polygon in which the scores are symmetrically distributed around the mean, and the mean, median, and mode are all located on the same point on the curve is called a __________. a) skewed distribution Incorrect. A skewed distribution is not symmetrical. b) bimodal distribution Incorrect. A normal curve represents a symmetrical distribution. c) normal curve Correct. The normal curve is a symmetrical distribution with equivalent placement of the mean, median, and mode. d) histogram distribution Incorrect. A normal curve represents a symmetrical distributi on. Answer: c Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns of data. Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, prin ciples, and overarching themes in psychology. 12. A frequency distribution in which most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the distribution is known as a __________ distribution. a) bimodal Incorrect. A bimodal distribution is a frequency dis tribution where there are two high points rather than one. b) skewed Correct. A skewed distribution is a distribution in which most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the distribution. c) normal Incorrect. A normal curve is a symmetrical distri bution around the mean, median, and mode. d) frequency Incorrect. A skewed distribution is a distribution in which most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the distribution. Answer: b Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and grap hs that represent patterns of data. Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 13. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the __________ end of the distribution, whereas a negatively skewed distribution has its peak to the _________ end of the distribution. a) right; left Incorrect. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low e nd of the distribution, whereas a negatively skewed distribution has its peak to the high end of the distribution. b) high; low Incorrect. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low end of the distribution, whereas a negatively skewed distrib ution has its peak to the high end of the distribution. c) low; high Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 5 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Correct. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low end of the distribution, whereas a negatively skewed distribution has its peak to the high end of the distribution. d) right; high Incorrect. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low end of the distribution, whereas a negatively skewed distribution has its peak to the high end of the distribution. Answer: c Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns of data. Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 14. A freq uency distribution that has two high points rather than one is known as a __________. a) histogram Incorrect. A histogram is a bar graph showing a frequency distribution. b) bimodal distribution Correct. The bimodal distribution has two high points rather than one. c) normal distribution Incorrect. A normal distribution is shaped like a bell with scores symmetrically distributed around the mean, median, and mode. d) skewed distribution Incorrect. A skewed distribution is one where most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the distribution. Answer: b Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns of data. Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Ob jective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 15. Sheila wants to figure out her average score on her exams for class. She has scored a 10, 9, 10, 7, and 4. What is her average score on her exams? a) 6 Incorrect. Th e average of these scores is 8. b) 7 Incorrect. The average of these scores is 8. c) 8 Correct. The average of these scores is 8. d) 9 Incorrect. The average of these scores is 8. Answer: c Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency and explain how they are impacted by the shape of the distribution. Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 16. Paul measured his variable and found a very high score. As he took additional measures of his variable, they had a tendency to move closer and closer to the mean measurement of his data. Paul experienced a phenomenon known as ___ _______ to the mean. a) regression Correct. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measurements of a variable to even out over the course of measurements. b) cycling Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 6 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Incorrect. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measurements of a variable to ev en out over the course of measurements. c) averaging Incorrect. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measurements of a variable to even out over the course of measurements. d) revolving Incorrect. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measuremen ts of a variable to even out over the course of measurements. Answer: a Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency and explain how they are impacted by the shape of the distribution. Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency Difficul ty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 17. Of the following scores, which is the median ? 100, 50, 76, 33, 33, 57, 49 a) 33 Incorrect. The me dian is the central most score in the distribution. b) 45 Incorrect. The median is the central most score in the distribution. c) 50 Correct. The median is the central most score in the distribution. d) 57 Incorrect. The median is the central most score in the distribution. Answer: c Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency and explain how they are impacted by the shape of the distribution. Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: App ly What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 18. In a skewed distribution, the mode is represented by the __________. a) lowest score of the tail of the distribution Incorrect. The m ode would be the score at the peak of the distribution. b) score halfway to the peak of the curve Incorrect. The mode would be the score at the peak of the distribution. c) last score on the tail of the distribution Incorrect. The mode would be the score a t the peak of the distribution. d) score at the peak of the distribution Correct. The mode is the peak of the distribution. Answer: d Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency and explain how they are impacted by the shape of the distribution. Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 19. In the following group of scores , which one represents the mode? 11, 15, 20, 11, 23, 5, 33, 11 a) 5 Incorrect. The mode is the most frequent score. Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 7 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. b) 11 Correct. The mode is the most frequent score. c) 15 Incorrect. The mode is the most frequent score. d) 33 Incorrect. The mode is the m ost frequent score. Answer: b Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency and explain how they are impacted by the shape of the distribution. Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 20. In a skewed distribution, what is the best measure of central tendency to report? a) median Correct. In a skewed distribution, the median is the least impacted. b) mean Incorrect. In a skewed distribution, the mean is significantly altered. c) mode Incorrect. In a skewed distribution, the median is the least impacted. d) range Incorrect. The range is not a measure of central tendency. Answer: a Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency and explain how they are impacted by the shape of the distribution. Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Conce pts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 21. The square root of the average squared difference from the mean of scores in a distribution is known as the __________. a) range Incorrect. This i s the definition of the standard deviation. b) standard deviation Correct. This is an accurate definition of the standard deviation. c) z score Incorrect. This is the definition of the standard deviation. d) median Incorrect. This is the definition of the standard deviation. Answer: b Learning Objective: A.4 Identify the types of statistics used to examine variations in data. Topic: A.4 Measures of Variability Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe k ey concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 22. The larger the number representing the standard deviation, the __________ in the data. a) less variability Incorrect. Less variability is represented by a smaller number. b) more variability Correct. More variability is represented by a larger number. c) lower the range Incorrect. Larger numbers represent more variability. Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 8 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. d) smaller the spread Incorrect. Larger numbers represent more variability. Answer: b Learning Objective: A.4 Identify the types of statistics used to examine variations in data. Topic: A.4 Measures of Variability Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psy chology. 23. Dr. Kovoc wants to know how many standard deviations from the mean the score of one of his participants falls. He would find that information by finding a __________. a) mode Incorrect. The mode is a measure of central tendency, not variabili ty. b) z score Correct. The z score would give him information about how many standard deviations from the mean a score will fall. c) median Incorrect. The median is a measure of central tendency, not variability. d) frequency range Incorrect. The z score would give him this information. Answer: b Learning Objective: A.4 Identify the types of statistics used to examine variations in data. Topic: A.4 Measures of Variability Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1 .1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 24. Kynesha runs an experiment to see if caffeine affects steadiness. To determine if steadiness is significantly affected in her caffeinated group, Kynesha will need to use _____ _____. a) frequency distribution Incorrect. A frequency distribution only describes data. b) descriptive statistics Incorrect. Descriptive statistics does not allow you to draw inferences about your data. c) inferential statistics Correct. Inferential statistics will allow her to determine if the groups are different. d) z scores Incorrect. She will need to use inferential statistics to determine if there are differences between her groups. Answer: c Learning Objective: A.5 Describe how infe rential statistics can be used to determine if differences in sets of data are large enough to be due to something other than chance variation. Topic: A.5 Looking at Differences: Statistical Significance Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What Y ou Know APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 25. Geraldo runs an experiment comparing the effects of alcohol on reaction time. His group of participants that are given alcohol perform the task on average in 15 seconds, while the no alcohol group completes the task in 5 seconds. When he subjects his data to inferential statistics, he discovers that the difference between the two groups is larger than chance variation would predict. Therefore, he concludes that the difference between his groups is ________. a) statistically significant Correct. Statistical significance is a way to test differences to see how likely those differences are to be real and not just caused by the random variations in behavior that exist in humans. b) inferentially different Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 9 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Incorrect. Statistical significance is a way to test differences to see how likely those differences are to be real and not just caused by the random variations in behavior that exist in humans. c) analytically different Incorrect. Statistical significance is a way to test differences to see how likely those differences are to be real and not just caused by the random variations in behavior that exist in humans. d) variable but different Incorrect. Statistical significance is a way to test differences to see how likely those differences are to be real and not just caused by the random variations in behavior that exist in humans. Answer: a Learning Objective: A.5 Describe how inferential statistics ca n be used to determine if differences in sets of data are large enough to be due to something other than chance variation. Topic: A.5 Looking at Differences: Statistical Significance Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology. 26. Luke conducts an experiment testing memory in children. In one group, they receive a story by reading it, in another group they receive a story by hearing it, and in the final group, they are asked to act out the story in a play. When he asks the children questions about the story and counts the number of questions they get correct, he will need to use a(n) __________ to test to see if the differences between his gr oups is significant. a) t-test Incorrect. Multiple groups must be compared using an F -test. b) z-test Incorrect. Multiple groups must be compared using an F -test. c) F-test Correct. An F -test will make comparisons between multiple groups. d) chi -square Incorrect. Multiple groups must be compared using an F -test. Answer: c Learning Objective: A.5 Describe how inferential statistics can be used to determine if differences in sets of data are large enough to be due to something other than chance variation. Topic: A.5 Looking at Differences: Statistical Significance Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 27. A __________ is a number that represents the streng th and direction of a relationship existing between two variables. a) t-test Incorrect. A correlation coefficient represents the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables. b) chi square Incorrect. A correlation coefficient represents t he strength and direction of a relationship between two variables. c) correlation coefficient Correct. A correlation coefficient represents the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. d) z-score Incorrect. A correlation coefficien t represents the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables. Answer: c Learning Objective: A.6 Explain how statistics are used to predict one score from another. Topic: A.6 The Correlation Coefficient Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 28. What does r represent in a correlation? a) the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 10 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Correct. The r is the correlat ion coefficient. b) the variability in the data gathered in an experiment Incorrect. The r is the correlation coefficient. c) the distance between scores in a data set Incorrect. The r is the correlation coefficient. d) the number of standard deviations a score is away from the mean Incorrect. The r is the correlation coefficient. Answer: a Learning Objective: A.6 Explain how statistics are used to predict one score from another. Topic: A.6 The Correlation Coefficient Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 29. Which of the following r scores represents the strongest relationship? a) +.29 Incorrect. Larger numbers indicate the strongest relationships. b) 0.0 Incorrect. Larger numbers indicate the strongest relationships. c) +.47 Incorrect. Larger numbers indicate the strongest relationships. d) –.89 Correct. This is a strong relationship. Answer: d Learning Objective: A.6 Explain how statistics are used to predict one score from another. Topic: A.6 The Correlation Coefficient Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. 30. Which of the following statements about correlations is correct? a) The closer the r is to 0, the stronger the relationship between the two variables. Incorrect. The closer the r is to +1 or –1, the stronger the relationship between variables. b) A correlation does not allow the assumptio n that one variable causes the other. Correct. Correlations cannot assume causation. c) A negative correlation indicates that one variable cannot be used to predict the second variable. Incorrect. A negative correlation only indicates the direction of the relationship, not the strength. d) A positive correlation assures us that we can use one variable to predict the value of the second variable. Incorrect. A positive correlation only indicates the direction of the relationship, not the strength. Answer: b Learning Objective: A.6 Explain how statistics are used to predict one score from another. Topic: A.6 The Correlation Coefficient Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy. Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 11 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. TRUE OR FALSE 1. A group of people selected at random from a general population is known as a sample. Answer: True Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychologists and psychology majors. Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 2. A skewed distribution is often shaped like a bell. Answer: False Learning Objective: A.2 Descri be the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data. Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 3. A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the low end of the distribution is positively skewed. Answer: True Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data. Topic: A.2 Frequency Distri butions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 4. Juan’s test grades for the semester are 60, 70, 70, and 75. The mean of Juan’s test grades is 70. Answer: False Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency and explain how they are impacted by the shape of the distribution. Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 5. When the distribution of a group of numbers is normal or close to it, the mean, median, and mode of that group tend to be the same or very similar. Answer: T rue Learning Objective: A.3 - Identify three measures of central tendency and explain how they are impacted by the shape of the distribution. Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learnin g Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 6. Variability is typically measured using either the range or the standard deviation of a set of numbers. Answer: True Learning Objective: A.4 - Identify the types of statistic s used to examine variations in data. Topic: A.4 Measures of Variability Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 7. A z score for a given number compares that number to the range of scores in the group. Answer: False Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 12 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objective: A.4 - Identify the types of statistics used to examine variations in data. Topic: A.4 Measures of Variability Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 8. Statistical significance is a way to test how likely differences between group measurements are to be real and not just caused by random chance. Answer: True Learning Objective: A.5 - Describe how inferential statistics can be used to determine if differences in sets of data are large enough to be due to something other than chance variation. Topic: A.5 Looking at Differences: Statistical Significance Difficult y Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 9. A chi -square test determines whether three or more means are statistically significantly different from one another. Answer: False Learning Objective: A.5 - Describe how inferential statistics can be used to determine if differences in sets of data are large enough to be due to something other than chance variation. Topic: A.5 Looking at Differences: Statistica l Significance Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research. 10. An r value of –.94 means there likely is no relationship between two variables. Answer: False Learning Objective: A.6 - Explain how statistics are used to predict one score from another. Topic: A.6 The Correlation Coefficient Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, a nd conduct basic psychological research. Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 1 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Appendix B: Applied Psychology and Psychology Careers MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. __________ refers to using findings from psychological research to solve real -world problems. a) Basic psychology Incorrect. Basic psychology is the study of mental processes. b) Educational psychology Incorrect. Educational psychology is using psychological principles to improve learning. c) Applied psychology Correct. Applied psychology is using current research findings from psychological research to “apply” to rea l- world problems. d) Clinical psychology Incorrect. Clinical psychology is applying psychological treatments to those with mental illness. Answer: c Learning Objective: B.1 Define applied psychology. Topic: B.1. What Is Applied Psychology? Difficulty Level : Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 2. Dr. Knight uses his knowledge of psychological principles to help children with learning disabilities learn more easily in t he classroom. Dr. Knight is a(n) __________ psychologist. a) sports Incorrect. A sports psychologist helps athletes be successful at competing and winning sporting events. b) personality Incorrect. A personality psychologist studies how personality is fo rmed and impacts behavior. c) forensic Incorrect. A forensic psychologist addresses psychological issues within the legal system. d) applied t Correct. An applied psychologist applies psychological concepts to solve real -world problems. Answer: d Learning Objective: B.1 Define applied psychology. Topic: B.1. What Is Applied Psychology? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology. 3. An applied psychologist who helps to address problems in the legal system is called a(n) __________ psychologist. a) forensic Correct. Forensic psychologists address problems in the legal system. b) community Incorrect. A community psychologist focuses on promoting social welfare and preventing social problems. c) human factors Incorrect. A human factors psychologist examines the ways people and machines interact. d) environmental Incorrect. An environmental psychologist examines the interaction of people with their surroundings at wor k, in social settings, and in schools, homes, and other buildings. Answer: a Learning Objective: B.1 Define applied psychology. Psychology : An Exploration 5e/Ciccarelli/White 2 Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Topic: B.1. What Is Applied Psychology? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology. 4. Dr. Sakawa is an applied psychologist who helps Olympic skiers use imagery to picture themselves skiing down the slalom in a perfect run and standing on the gold medal podium. Dr. Sakawa is most likely a(n) ________ __ psychologist. a) industrial -organizational Incorrect. An industrial -organizational psychologist is concerned with how people function in and are affected by their work environments. b) sports Correct. A sports psychologist helps athletes prepare themsel ves mentally for competition. c) community Incorrect. A community psychologist focuses on promoting social welfare and preventing social problems. d) educational Incorrect. An educational psychologist looks for ways to improve student learning and apply th e findings to the classroom. Answer: b Learning Objective: B.1 Define applied psychology. Topic: B.1. What Is Applied Psychology? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology. 5. Dr. Kornberg is an applied psychologist who helps match people’s personality traits to specific jobs where they can be the most productive. She is a(n) ___________ psychologist. a) human factors Incorrect. A human factors psychologist examines the way t hat people and machines interact. b) industrial -organizational Correct. An industrial -organizational psychologist is concerned with how people function in their work environments. c) community Incorrect. A community psychologist is focused on promoting soc ial welfare and preventing social problems. d) military Incorrect. A military psychologist works with military personnel and their families. Answer: b Learning Objective: B.1 Define applied psychology. Topic: B.1. What Is Applied Psychology? Difficulty Lev el: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology. 6. Dr. Visili helps people to learn to cope with their stress in order to improve their mental health. Dr. Visili is an applied psychologist practicing __________ psychology. a) health Correct. A health psychologist examines the effects of stress on physical and mental health. b) environmental Incorrect. An environmental psychologist examines the interaction of people with their surroundings at work, in social settings, and in schools, homes, and other buildings. c) community Incorrect. A community psychologist focuses on promoting social welfare and preventing social problems. d) educational Incorrect. An educational psychologist looks for ways to improve student learning.