(Test Bank) Brock Biology Of Microorganisms

Madigan,Bender,Aiyer,Stahl, 16

Biology

Test Bank

16th Edition

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Test Bank for Brock Biology Of Microorganisms, The downloadable file consists of 665 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.77 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Madigan, Bender, Aiyer, Stahl

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1 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Brock Biology of Microorganisms , Global Edition, 16e (Madigan et al.) Chapter 1 The Microbial World 1.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Microbial cells can exist as single cells. B) Microbial cells carry ou t their life pro cesses of growth independently. C) Microbial cells include both bacteria and viruses. D) Microbial cells are surrounded by a cytoplasmic membrane. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.2 Learning O bjective: 1.I 2) Which of the following statements is correct? A) Microorganisms are significant contributors to the total biomass on Earth. B) Microorganisms represent a much smaller amount of Earth's biomass than plants. C) Micr oorganisms represent a m uch smaller amou nt of Earth's biomass than animals. D) Microorganisms are significant in number, but not in overall biomass. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.1 Learning Objective: 1.I 3) Differential select ion and decent w ith modification occurs during a process called A) cellular differentiation. B) evolution. C) growth. D) transformation. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.2 Learning Obj ective: 1.I 4) In what /which domain(s) of life is/are microorganisms represented? A) Archaea B) Bacteria C) Eukarya D) Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.4 Learning Objective: 1.I 2 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 5) Biological cata lysts involved i n the acceleration of the rate of chemical reactions are called A) catalytic converters. B) growth agents. C) evolutionary m olecules. D) enzymes. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.2 Learning Ob jective: 1.I 6) Regarding early life on Earth, A) microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life. B) microbial life existed long before animals but has been around for about the same amount of time as plants. C) microbial life, plant life, and animal life all appeared at about the same time. D) it is impossible to determine which type of life first appeared. Answer : A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I 7) The person who described t he "wee animalcules" was A) Robert Hooke. B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. C) Louis Pasteur. D) Ferdinand Cohn. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.7 Learning Objective: 1.II 8) Walther Hesse and ___ _____ pioneered the use of agar as a solidifying agent. A) Louis Pasteur B) Ferdinand Cohn C) Robert Koch D) Sergei Winogr adsky Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.12 Learning Objective: 1.III 3 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 9) Which of the following is/are characteristic of all cellular organisms? A) Communication B) Evolution C) Motility D) Communication, evolution, and motility Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.2 Learning Objective: 1.I 10) Deduce why viruses are excluded from the ribosomal RNA -based tree of life. A) Some viruses contain multiple strands of RNA. B) Their genetic elements cannot be sequenced. C) They can infect other organisms, which complicates the genetic comparisons. D) They lack ribosoma l RNA (rRNA). Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 5- 6: Evaluating/Creating Chapter Section: 1.15 Learning Objective: 1.IV 11) Louis Pasteur developed the vaccine(s) for A) anthrax only. B) fowl cholera only. C) rabies only. D) anthrax, fowl cholera, and rabie s. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.11 Learning Objective: 1.III 12) The discovery of antibiotics and other important chemicals led to the field of A) industrial microbiology. B) agricultura l microbiology. C) marine microbiology. D) aquatic microbiology. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I 4 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 13) Microbial sterilization is used to A) decrease the possibility of contaminant s growing in a c ulture. B) kill bacteria but not necessarily viruses or other microbes. C) kill all microbes in or on objects. D) clean a work area. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chap ter Section: 1.11 Learning Objective: 1. III 14) Transpa rent double -sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly called A) Petri dishes. B) baker dishes. C) sterilization plates. D) culture medium plates. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Re membering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.12 Learning Ob jective: 1.III 15) Microbes playing a role in nitrogen fixation in plants live in ________, while those playing a role in the digestive tract of certain herbivores live in ________. A) rumens / no dules B) nodules / rumens C) nodules / for trans D) fortran s / rumens Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I 16) Which of the following is NOT an accomplishment of Louis Pasteur? A) Determined that the alcohol -making process was mediated by microbial fermentation and thus refuted the theory of spontaneous generation B) Developed enrichment culture techniques C) Developed heat sterilization techniques that involved the creation of a specialized swan - necked flask D) Developed the fi rst rabies vacci ne and treated thousands of individuals Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1 .11 Learning Objective: 1.III 5 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 17) The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of A) Louis Pasteur. B) Robert Koch. C) Robert Hooke. D) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.11 Learning Objective: 1.III 18) A Pasteur flask has a(n) A) swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask. B) double neck so two substances may be added at the same time. C) secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage. D) inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Rememberi ng/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.11 Learning Objective: 1.III 19) Predict how Pas teur's conclusions on spontaneous generation with swan flasks would have changed if he worked with and maintained the flasks in a sterile laminar flow hood. A) Steriliza tion of the swan flask solutions would not have been necessary to reject spontaneous generation. If he did sterilize the flasks, the spontaneous generation hypothesis would have been supported. B) His incubation times would not have been sufficient to refute spontaneous generation. C) Pasteur's flasks never would have putrefied, and the expe riment would not have refuted spontaneous generation. D) Viruses would have still been present, and his conclusion would have been unchanged. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 5 -6: Evaluating/Creating Chapter Section: 1.11 Learning Objective: 1.III 20) A pure culture A) is sterile. B) is a population of identical cells. C) is made of a clearly defined chemical medium. D) contains one microbial cell. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Reme mbering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.12 Learning Objective: 1.III 6 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 21) Martinus Beijerinck was the first to isolate A) green algae. B) certain nitrogen -fixing root nodule bacteria. C) certain sulfate -reducing bacteria. D) green algae, certain nitrog en-fixing root nodule bacteria, and certain sulfate -reducing bacteria. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.13 Learning Objective: 1.III 22) Chemolithotrophy involves A) oxidation of organic com pounds. B) oxida tion of inorganic compounds. C) reduction of organic compounds. D) metabolic autotrophy. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.13 Learning Objective: 1.III 23) Developments in the f ields of immun ology and medica l microbiology were practical extensions of the work of A) Sergei Winogradsky. B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. C) Joseph Lister. D) Robert Koch. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.12 Learning Objecti ve: 1.III 24) Microbial control in wastewaters would most logically be a part of A) microbial genetics. B) aquatic microbiology. C) medical microbiology. D) bacterial energetics. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Secti on: 1.6 Learnin g Objective: 1.I 7 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 25) Robert Koch contributed to the field of microbiology by being the first person to A) develop the tuberculin test only. B) formulate four postulates for de finitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease only. C) use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media only. D) develop the tuberculin test, formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disea se, and use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media. Answe r: D Bloom's Ta xonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.12 Learning Objective: 1.III 26) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very difficult to stain because of the A) presence of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. B) location of the DNA within the cell. C) large amounts of a waxlike lipids present in its cell wall. D) lack of a cell wall. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.12 Learning Objecti ve: 1.III 27) Louis Pasteur's most famous success was his wo rk on A) Mycobac terium tuberculosis. B) the rabies vaccine. C) optical isomers. D) cultivation of E. coli . Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.11 Learning Objective: 1.III 28) Microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of i mportant nutrients in plant nutrition, particularly those of A) carbon only. B) nitrogen only. C) sulfur only. D) carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.6 Learning Obje ctive: 1.I 8 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 29) Microbial ecology is the study of A) microbial processes in the rhizosphere that benefit plant growth . B) the diversity and activities of microorganisms. C) the grouping and classifying of microorganisms. D) microorganisms in their natura l environments. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I 30) The structure that confers structural strength on the cell is known as the A) cytoplasmic membrane. B) cell wall. C) ribosome. D) cytoplasm. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.2 Learning Objective: 1.I 31) A microbial cell's membrane is considered ________, because its internal constituents are maintained within the cell. However, it also imports an d exports other molecules in response to its environment. A) differential B) microselective C) rigid D) semipermeable Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.2 Learning Objective: 1.I 32) Some micr oorganisms can undergo ________ in which various cell types can become specialized and arise from one parent cell type. A) differentiation B) genetic exchange C) maturation D) mutagenesis Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.2 Learning O bjective: 1.I 9 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 33) Cyanobacteria and purple sulfur bacteria both obtain energy from light. However, only the ________ are capable of releasing ________. A) cyanobacteria / organic compounds B) cyanobacteria / oxygen C) purple bac teria / organic compounds D) purple bacteria / oxygen Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I 34) The process whereby microorganisms are used to help clean up pollution created by human activities is kno wn as A) bioaugmentation. B) biodegradation. C) bioengineering. D) bioremediation. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I 35) Robert Koch received the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or M edicine for A) developing a sm allpox vaccination. B) identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the causative agent of tuberculosis. C) making an effective rabies vaccine. D) developing a smallpox vaccination, identifying Mycobacterium tuber culosis as the causative agent of tuberculosis , and making an effective rabies vaccine. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.12 Learning Objective: 1.III 36) Bacillus anthracis deficient in its ability to diffe rentiate would n ot be able to A) chemotax toward growth substrates. B) create vesicles. C) form spores. D) grow without additional supplemented nutrients. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 5- 6: Evaluating/Creating Chapter Secti on: 1.3 Learning Objective: 1.I 10 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 37) Microbial biochemistry most specifically involves the discovery of microbial ________ and the ________ they perform. A) organelles / diffusion B) enzymes / organelles C) reactions / enzymes D) macromolecules / functio ns Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Rememberin g/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.14 Learning Objective: 1.IV 38) Microbial cells first evolved on Earth approximately ________ billion years ago. A) 1.6 to 1.8 B) 3.8 to 4.3 C) 5.4 to 5.6 D) 7.0 to 7.2 Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Un derstanding Chapter Section: 1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I 39) The first documented description of a microorganism was of a ________ by ________. A) bacterium / Ferdinand Cohn B) fungus / Robert Koch C) mold / Robert Hooke D) yeast / Marti nus Beijerinck Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.7 Learning Objective: 1.II 40) ________ produced by microbial fermentation of glucose from cellulose or cornstarch is becoming a more important component of b iofuels in the U nited States, and specialized ________ are needed to make th is a commercially available product. A) Biodiesel / biotechnologists B) Biodiesel / industrial microbiologists C) Ethanol / biotechnologists D) Ethanol / industrial microbiologists Answer: D Bloo m's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Sectio n: 1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I 11 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 41) ________ was the first to describe microorganisms, while ________ was the first person to see bacteria. A) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Robert Hook B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Robert Koch C) Robert Hooke / Antoni van Leeuw enhoek D) Robert Koch / Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.7 Learning Objective: 1.II 42) The production of human proteins ( e.g., insulin) by genetically engineered microorganisms is an example of ________, a subdiscipline of microbiology. A) applied microbiology B) biotechnology C) industrial microbiology D) molecular microbiology Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 3- 4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I 43) Approximately two billion years ago, ________ were primarily responsible for initially oxygenating Earth. A) algae B) Archaea C) cyanobacteria D) purple sulfu r bacteria Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I 44) Archaea and Bacteria are unified as prokaryotes in lacking ________ which Eukarya contain, such as mitochondria. A) membranes B) nuc lei C) membrane -enclos ed organelles D) nuclei and membrane -enclosed organelles Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.4 Learning Objective: 1.I 12 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 45) Bioremediation ________ by introducing pollutant -consuming microorganisms or specific nutrients that help microorganisms degrade pollutants. A) accelerates the natural cleanup process B) exploits genetic exchange mechanisms C) invokes microbial evolution D) uses chemotaxis of biodegrading microorganisms Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Under standing Chapter Section: 1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I 46) Electron microscopy has greater ________ than light microscopy, because the wavelength of visible light is much larger than the wavelength of electrons. A) contrast B) magnification C) resolution D) penetration Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.10 Learning Objective: 1.II 47) Which of the followi ng types of microscopy is especially effective for viewing details of internal structures within live cel ls? A) Phase- contrast microscopy B) Transmission electron microscopy C) Bright- field microscopy D) Scanning electron microscopy Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.8 Learning Objective: 1.II 48) Which of the following types of microscopy could be used to visualize the layers of the cell membrane and the cell wall? A) Phase- contrast microscopy B) Transmission electron microscopy C) Bright- field microscopy D) Confocal microscopy Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.10 Learning Objective: 1.II 13 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 49) Who was the first researcher to provide direct experimenta l data that supported the germ theory to explain infectious disease? A) Pasteur B) Winogradsky C) Li ster D) Koch Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.12 Learning Objective: 1.III 50) When medical devices are left in the body, bacteria may grow on them as ________, which makes them especially resistant to treatment. A) biofilms B) liquids C) populations D) communities Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I 51) Microbes that live at high temperatures in hot springs are A) always Archaea. B) al so able to thriv e at low temperatures. C) called extremophiles. D) rare ly found. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I 52) What field focuses specifically on the use of microbes to make products, such as antibiotics, on a large scale? A) Microbial ecology B) Biotechnology C) Industrial ecology D) Medical microbiology Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I 14 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 53) Which st atement about th e relationship between microbes and humans is FALSE? A) Most microbes are pathogenic. B) Infectious disease is an important public health concern. C) Bacteria in the digestive tract are important for digestion. D) Microbes in root n odules f ix nitrogen and allow plants to make nitrogen -rich products. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I 54) Why is ribosomal RNA especially useful for the study of phylogenetic relat ionships ? A) It is only found in some species, helping them to distinguish from others. B) It is highly conserved. C) It is highly variable. D) It is extremely short. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.15 Learn ing Obje ctive: 1.IV 55) Why is it important to use cultivation -independent methods to help understand microbial diversity? A) It allows researchers to identify species that cannot be grown in culture. B) It is the only way that phylogenetic trees can be construc ted. C) It must be used after bacteria are cultured to more fully sequence their DNA. D) It is necessary to be able to examine ribosomal RNA. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1- 2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 1.15 Learning Objective: 1.IV 56) Compared to Eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea have ________ surface -to-volume ratios, causing ________ nutrient exchange. A) lower / lower B) lower / higher C) higher / lower D) higher / higher Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 3- 4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 1.3 Learning Objective: 1.I