(Test Bank) Physical Anthropology

Stein, 12

Social Science

Test Bank

12th Edition

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Test Bank for Physical Anthropology, The downloadable file consists of 531 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.69 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Stein

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Study Note Preview

Version 1 1 CHAPTER 1 TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) A main area of study for physical anthropologists is the study of evolution. ⊚ true ⊚ false 2) Science can provide answers to all possible questions. ⊚ true ⊚ false 3) An empirical observation is one that is made with the help of a microscope or telescope. ⊚ true ⊚ false 4) A theory is more certain than a guess but less certain than a fact. ⊚ true ⊚ false 5) The idea that humans are superior to other animals is termed anthropocentrism. ⊚ true ⊚ false 6) Charles Darwin was the first person to recognize that nature could be dynamic. ⊚ true ⊚ false 7) Lamarck proposed the theory of acquired characteristics, which states that traits gained during a lifetime can be passed to the next generation.Version 1 2 ⊚ true ⊚ false 8) Darwin's theory states that groups who are better suited to their environment will be more likely to survive and reproduce. ⊚ true ⊚ false 9) Darwin lacked an accurate understanding of the mechanisms of inheritance. ⊚ true ⊚ false 10) The study of the change in body color of peppered moths described in chapter one showed that evolution could be observed in a shorter period of time than Darwin thought possible. ⊚ true ⊚ false MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 11) The field that studies fossil records is: A) primatology B) paleontology C) genetics D) archaeology 12) The subfield of physical anthropology includes the study of:Version 1 3 A) human genetics B) forensic anthropology C) human biological variation D) all of these 13) Cultural anthropology: A) is a branch of archaeology B) is the study of art and music C) includes the study of human social organizations and learned patterns of behavior D) includes paleontology as a major topic 14) The study of a people's political organization would be a part of: A) cultural anthropology B) linguistics C) archaeology D) physical anthropology 15) An anthropological linguist: A) always attempts to learn to speak as many languages as he or she possibly can B) teaches students foreign languages C) studies the history, function, structure, and physiology of language D) would only be interested in cultures that have writing systems 16) The practical application of anthropological knowledge to real-world concerns is called:Version 1 4 A) academic anthropology B) lived anthropology C) applied anthropology D) realistic anthropology 17) An empirical observation is one that is: A) measurable B) a fact C) received through the senses D) all of these 18) Hypotheses: A) are always considered to be correct statements B) are the same thing as laws in science C) are not a necessary part of the scientific method D) must be logical and testable 19) Hypotheses: A) can be disproven B) can be tested through experiments and observations C) are based on empirical observations D) all of these 20) A tentative statement about the relationship between two variables is a(n):Version 1 5 A) hypothesis B) theory C) empirical statement D) rationalization 21) An example of a variable would be: A) the theory of evolution by natural selection B) the cranial capacities of a series of skulls C) that all mammals give live birth D) all of these 22) Once proposed, a hypothesis may be tested by: A) comparing it to known data gathered from nature B) conducting an experiment C) comparing one phenomenon with another to determine the relationships between them D) all of these 23) A hypothesis may be tested in a number of ways. One of the following is not a way to test a hypothesis. A) Test the predictive value of the hypothesis by comparing it to all known data from nature. B) Ask all scientists doing research in the area the hypothesis concerns and confirm that the hypothesis is based on a consensus of the opinions of those scientists. C) Conduct experiments D) Through comparative studies 24) A theory is:Version 1 6 A) a speculative statement B) a statement of extremely high validity C) the same as a hypothesis D) the same as a fact 25) Darwin's explanation of evolution by natural selection is an example of a(n): A) theory B) hypothesis C) empirical statement D) experiment 26) That evolution has occurred is a(n): A) theory B) hypothesis C) fact D) experiment 27) Statements about the ways in which evolution occurs (the processes) are: A) facts B) theories C) experiments D) variables 28) Scientific investigation can:Version 1 7 A) provide answers to all possible questions B) generate statements that are considered to be absolute truths C) only deal with empirical observations D) all of these 29) When scientists say that evolution is a theory, they mean that evolution is: A) a general law or principle supported by mass data B) an educated guess C) but one of several possible explanations for the diversity of life D) accepted by the majority of scientists 30) A control in science is: A) a situation that differs from the situation being tested B) an empirical observation C) always easy to achieve in physical anthropology D) a monocausal explanation for a phenomenon 31) Which of the following statements is true regarding scientific hypotheses and theories about human evolution? A) Scientists refuse to consider supernatural causes to explain their observations because most scientists are atheists. B) Explanations of natural phenomena based upon religious dogma are superior because science cannot explain the great many things about the world. C) Scientists refuse to invoke supernatural causes because the scientific method restricts scientific inquiry to hypotheses that are falsifiable and testable. D) While evolution has been fairly well demonstrated in bacteria, plants, and simple animals, it has not been demonstrated to have taken place in humans. Version 1 8 32) Which of the following statements is true? A) One cannot accept science and also be a religious person. B) Science can successfully answer questions about ethics and morality. C) Scientific conclusions are based upon available evidence and therefore can change when new evidence appears. D) Scientific conclusions are considered to be absolute facts within the scientific community. 33) The idea that humans are superior to other animals is termed: A) egocentrism B) anthropocentrism C) ethnocentrism D) geocentricism 34) The belief that people are the center of the universe is termed: A) ethnocentrism B) anthropocentrism C) holism D) cultural relativism 35) The idea that life can form from nonliving material is known as: A) uniformitarianism B) spontaneous generation C) anthropocentricity D) immutability 36) An early belief was that life is immutable, meaning:Version 1 9 A) once created, a type of organism remains unchanged B) once created, a type of organism may become extinct or change into some other type of organism C) once created, a type of organism may evolve through time into other types of organisms D) none of these 37) In the eighteenth century, the accepted date for the origin of the earth, as calculated in the seventeenth century by Archbishop Ussher, was: A) 1 million B.C. B) 250,000 B.C. C) 10,550 B.C. D) 4004 B.C. 38) The fact that the earth is not the center of the universe was conclusively demonstrated by: A) James Ussher B) Nicolaus Copernicus C) Carolus Linnaeus D) Comte de Buffon 39) An eighteenth-century scientific classification of the living world was made by: A) Nicolaus Copernicus B) Carolus Linnaeus C) Comte de Buffon D) Charles Lyell 40) Linnaeus's classification was important because:Version 1 10 A) it imposed order on nature's infinite variation B) it provided the means of seeing change and possible ancestral relationships C) it included humans D) all of these 41) The eighteenth-century biologist Comte de Buffon: A) argued that the earth was the center of the universe B) believed that living forms are immutable C) proposed that the earth is much older than 6,000 years D) developed a classification of the living world that is still used today 42) Jean Baptiste de Lamarck was important because: A) his theory of evolution was correct in detail B) he speculated on the mechanisms of change C) he proposed the idea of uniformitarianism D) all of these 43) Jean Baptiste de Lamarck is associated with: A) the first scientific account of the gorilla B) the concept of uniformitarianism C) the concept of natural selection D) the principle of acquired characteristics 44) If a woman and a man both lift weights and become muscular, it follows that their offspring:Version 1 11 A) are more likely to be muscular B) will inherit their father's, but not their mother's, muscularity C) will be genetically weaker D) will not be more muscular simply because their parents lift weights 45) Lamarck believed that parts of the body that are used are strengthened and improved, whereas parts of the body that are not become weak and might disappear. This is the principle of: A) Lamarckism B) strength and weakness C) use and disuse D) inheritance and disinheritance 46) George Cuvier developed the theory of: A) acquired characteristics B) catastrophism C) uniformitarianism D) anthropocentrism 47) Catastrophists believe that the geographic history of the earth and changes in the biological world are a result of: A) natural selection as described by Charles Darwin B) gradual changes caused by such factors as wind, water, earthquakes, and volcanoes C) a series of violent and sudden events D) the first six days of creation as depicted in Genesis 48) The idea that animal forms are arranged in a ladder whereby organisms progress from a lesser to a greater state of perfection is termed:Version 1 12 A) holism B) uniformitarianism C) great chain of being D) anthropocentrism 49) William Smith is noted for: A) being the first geologist to recognize what a fossil was B) developing the concept of uniformitarianism C) finding the earliest known stone tools of human manufacture D) studying the strata of the earth and creating the first geologic map of England 50) The recognition that the layers of the earth or strata could be identified by specific features and always existed in the same order resulted in the construction of the first geologic map of England by: A) William Smith B) Charles Lyell C) Alfred Russel Wallace D) Peter Grant 51) Charles Lyell is associated with the concept of: A) uniformitarianism B) catastrophism C) the theory of acquired characteristics D) the heliocentric view of the universe 52) The principle of uniformitarianism refers to the concept that:Version 1 13 A) the geological processes at work today are the same as those at work in the past B) evolution is a universal fact C) the basic biological processes of life are the same wherever life is found D) the laws of heredity are universal 53) The concept of uniformitarianism states that: A) the human genome is uniform throughout the world B) the basic skeletal structure of primates shows much uniformity C) the mechanism of heredity is uniform throughout the animal kingdom D) the physical laws of nature are uniform throughout time 54) The importance of uniformitarianism for the development of Darwinian theory is that it: A) showed that the earth's age was many times greater than previously thought B) explained the uniformity of shape among different animal species C) allowed for changes in a species over time D) explained the existence of fossils 55) The first person to make a systematic attempt to demonstrate the existence of a prehistoric period was: A) Charles Darwin B) Jacques Boucher de Perthes C) Comte de Buffon D) Jean Baptiste de Lamarck 56) Jacques Boucher de Crevecoeur de Perthes:Version 1 14 A) was the first to demonstrate that the earth was extremely old B) recognized primitive stone tools as evidence of prehistoric peoples C) believed that collections of now-extinct fossil animals in particular strata ended with catastrophic events D) developed the principle of use and disuse 57) That each stratum was characterized by distinct fossils that could be used to indicate the age of strata was found by: A) Charles Lyell B) Charles Darwin C) William Smith D) Carolus Linnaeus 58) Charles Darwin: A) is best known for explaining evolution in terms of natural selection B) was the first person to conceive the idea of evolution C) published The Origin of Species in 1696 D) was the first person to work out the basic principles of heredity 59) When Charles Darwin began his voyage around the world in 1831, he was given a textbook on geology that set forth ideas on the evolution of the earth. This book, Principles of Geology, was written by: A) Thomas Malthus B) Alfred Russel Wallace C) Charles Lyell D) William Smith 60) Darwin's five-year voyage on board the HMS Beagle:Version 1 15 A) was disappointing to him since he only was able to visit South America B) allowed him to gain new insights into the plants and animals in different parts of the world C) was important because he traveled with the older and more experienced naturalist Alfred Russell Wallace D) all of these 61) The main destination of the HMS Beagle, on which Darwin was the ship's naturalist, was: A) Europe B) Asia C) South America D) North America 62) The Galápagos Islands are located off the coast of: A) New Guinea B) Ecuador C) Australia D) England 63) Which of the following statements is not correct? A) Charles Darwin was the first person to conceive the idea of evolution. B) The concept of evolution was the result of a long chain of discoveries and hypotheses. C) The theory of evolution was not developed by one person. D) Thomas R. Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population was influential on Darwin and Wallace in their conceptualization of natural selection.