(Test Bank) Maternal Child Nursing Care With The Women's Health Companion Optimizing Outcomes For Mothers Children And Families

Ward,Hisley, 2

Nursing

Test Bank

2nd Edition

• $15.00 $50.00

---

Description

Test Bank for Maternal Child Nursing Care With The Women's Health Companion Optimizing Outcomes For Mothers Children And Families, The downloadable file consists of 824 pages, and the total size of the file is 6.03 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Ward, Hisley

---

---

Study Note Preview

Med C Med C Maternal -Child Care Nursing, 2nd Edition I. Foundations in Maternal, Family, and Child Care 1. Traditional and Community Nursing Care for Women, Families, and Children 2. Contemporary Issues in Women’s, Families’, and Children’s Health Care 3. The Evolving Family 4. Caring for Women, Families, and Children Across the Life Span II. The Process of Human Reproduction 5. Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology 6. Human Sexuality and Fertility 7. Conception and Development of the Embryo and Fetus III. The Prenatal Journey 8. Physiological and Psychosocial Changes During Pregnancy 9. The Prenatal Assessment 10. Promoting a Health Pregnancy 11. Caring for the Woman Experiencing Complications During Pregnancy IV. The Birth Experience 12. The Process of Labor and Birth 13. Promoting Patient Comfort During Labor and Birth 14. Caring for the Woman Experiencing Complications During Labor and Birth Med C V. Care of the New Family 15. Caring for the Postpartal Woman and Her Family 16. Caring for the Woman Experiencing Complications During Postpartal Period 17. Physiological Transition of the Newborn 18. Caring for the Normal Newborn 19. Caring for the Newborn at Risk VI. Caring for the Child and Family 20. Caring for the Developing Child 21. Caring for the Child in the Hospital, the Community and Across Care Settings 22. Caring for the Child with a Psychosocial or Cognitive Condition VII. Ongoing Care of the Child in the Hospital and in the Community 23. Caring for the Child with a Respiratory Condition 24. Caring for the Child with a Gastrointestinal Condition 25. Caring for the Child with an Immunologic or Infectious Condition 26. Caring for the Child with a Cardiovascular Condition 27. Caring for the Child with an Endocrinologic or Metabolic Condition 28. Caring for the Child with a Neurological or Sensory Condition 29. Caring for the Child with a Musculoskeletal Condition 30. Caring for the Child with an Integumentary Condition 31. Caring for the Child with a Genitourinary Condition 32. Caring for the Child with a Hematological Condition 33. Caring for the Child with Cancer 34. Caring for the Child with a Chronic Condition or the Dying Child 35. Caring for the Critically Ill Child Med C Chapter 1: Traditional and Community Nursing Care for Women, Families, and Children MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The clinic nurse understands the new description of nursing art/aesthetics as the way that nurses and patients help each other through a circular process. What is the event that begins this process? A. A health threat B. Experiencing new possibilities for health C. Hope and understanding for the future D. Relationship building ANS: A Nursing aesthetics consists of the low -tech, high -touch caring in a nurse –patient encounter . This transformative process begins with a health threat . The event that begins the process is not experiencing new possibilities for health, hope and understanding for the future, or relationship building. Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Integrated Process: Caring Difficulty: Moderate PTS: 1 2. A nurse manager in a community clinic is concerned because the local refugee population does not seek health care routinely. What action by the nurse would be most helpful? A. Assess clinic staff and procedures for evidence of ethnocentrism. B. Put up flyers advertising the clinic’s services in local retailers. C. Reward preventative health patients with coupons for needed items. D. Try to meet with community leaders to work on the problem. ANS: A Ethnocentrism is the view that the beliefs, values, and behaviors of one culture are superior to those of other cultures. Ethnocentrism is dangerous in health care because it is blind to the possibilities of other solutions and viewpoints and alienates people in need of health care. The nurse manager would be wise to assess the clinic’s staff and procedures for ethnocentrism. Meeting with a community leader is always a good idea to learn the viewpoints of the community, but unless ethnocentric behaviors cha nge, it is unlikely that the refugee community will increase its use of the clinic. Flyers and incentives may also be helpful in some cases, but not as helpful as reducing the barriers imposed by ethnocentrism. Cognitive Level: Application/Applying Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Caring Difficulty: Moderate Med C PTS: 1 3. The nursing faculty explains to students that ethnopluralism is an important force shaping health care today. What concept is most important in understanding this trend? A. The decreased need for cultural competency B. The growth in one ethnic group in a single area C. The increased impact of diverse cultures on health care D. The percentage increase of the non-Caucasian population ANS: C Ethnopluralism means diverse cultures. As the population of different ethnic (non-Euro -Caucasian) groups grows, their impact on health care will increase exponentially. Ethnopluralism is not just the growth of one ethnic group in one location. It is also more than just the percentage change in the non -Euro -Caucasian population, although that is part of the phenomenon. As ethnopluralism continues to impact health care, providers will need to be more, not less, culturally competent. Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembe ring Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Difficulty: Moderate PTS: 1 4. A nursing faculty member is explaining recent shifts in nursing practice. What change has been important in applying the nursing process? A. A change to a spiral or circular process B. A focus on more independent nursing actions C. A return to the nurse -as-expert model of care D. An emphasis on attaining a disease -free state ANS: A The nursing process has recen tly changed from a linear one to a spiral or circular process in which the patient/family is motivated toward promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health. The focus has not changed to include more independent actions, a return to the nurse -as-expert model, or an emphasis on attaining a disease -free state of being. Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Difficulty: Easy PTS: 1 5. A nurse is working in an urban clinic with a diverse population. What action by the nurse is most important? A. Determine patients’ definitions of health and desired outcomes of health care. B. Explain policies such as appointment cancellations to ensure compliance. Med C C. Learn to speak one or two common languages of the patients in the clinic. D. Read about different folk remedies common among the populations seen. ANS: A Divergent populations enter the health -care system with differing beliefs about health care and wellness and differing expectations for the outcomes of such experiences. Understanding these expectations will help the nurse plan care that has a better chance of meeting these expectations. Learning languages and becoming familiar with folk remedies is helpful as well, but these two solutions are very limited in scope and a nurse cannot ho pe to become proficient in all the languages/behaviors of every population seen, leaving some patients with a lessened experience. Explaining policies is important too, but simply telling someone the rules does not take his or her cultural norms into accou nt and may not be successful. Cognitive Level: Application/Applying Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment Difficulty: Moderate PTS: 1 6. A nurse is working with a minority group that has a high incidence of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension and stroke. When participating in a community health fair with this group, what action by the nurse will be most effective? A. Educate the participants about weight loss and a low-sodium, low-fat diet. B. Explain the genetic basis for the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in the group. C. Help participants make lifestyle changes that are culturally congruent. D. Present statistics on the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular disease. ANS: C The ever -increasing culturally diverse population interacting with the health -care system brings its own beliefs, values, and health -related practices that impact health and well-being. In order to help people make healthy li festyle changes, the changes must be culturally congruent and acceptable . Forcing an incongruent practice makes it highly unlikely to succeed. Education is important, but it must be done in a culturally congruent way. Pathophysiology and statistical knowle dge, by itself, is not likely to be beneficial. Cognitive Level: Application/Applying Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 7. What does the practicing nurse understand to be the most important influence on interdependent, assertive nursing practice today? A. Higher education of registered nurses B. Improved working conditions and salaries C. Increased numbers of female physicians Med C D. Use of the nursing process for patient care ANS: D Nurses were passive, deferential, and compliant to the knowledge and orders of mostly male physicians until the late 20th century. The nursing process changed that. The nursing process is a framework for systemat ic problem solving and implementation of both independent and dependent nursing actions. The nursing process allows nurses to make decisions regarding patient care based on critical thinking and clinical judgment. The other options listed were not vital in creating a nursing practice that is interdependent and assertive. Cognitive Level: Analysis/Analyzing Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Integrated Process: Nursing Process Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 8. A child who has been hospitalized for a long time is preparing to go home, where care will be continued. Which action by the nurse is most beneficial to assist the family in this transition? A. Advise the family to call the local visiting nurses association for home visits. B. Call the child’s school to inquire about requirements for returning to school. C. Consult a social worker to help evaluate insurance coverage and transportation. D. Give the family brochures for the local support group for chronically ill children. ANS: C Preparing a family for home -based care, or other community -based care, involves ensuring that the family is able to provide the care needed by the child at home or in another setting. This can include discussing specialized equipment in the home, health in surance coverage, transportation, and/or returning to school. If the family needs or desires visiting nurses, the nursing staff or social worker at the hospital should arrange this for the family. Calling the school to get information about the child’s ret urn to school yields helpful information, but may not be needed yet, and is too limited in scope to be the best answer. Simply giving parents brochures for support groups may or may not be helpful; the parents may not be literate or may not understand the benefit without discussion. Cognitive Level: Analysis/Analyzing Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 9. A nurse manager wants to make the pediatric clinic a more family -centered health -care setting. Which of the following actions by the nursing staff would best meet this goal? A. Encourage family members to be present in the exam room and to ask questions. B. Incorporate the use of a community health map for all new patients in the clinic. C. Recognize family members as experts on their child and incorporate them in decision making. D. Use evidence -based practice to develop policies and procedures used in the clinic. Med C ANS: C The role of the family -centered nurse is to facilitate and assist the family in making informed choices that lead to the outcome the patient and family desire. This requires the nurse to give up the paternalistic role of author ity on health care. The family knows the child best and should be assumed to make decisions that are in the best interests of both child and family . The other options are all good interventions, but are too limited in scope to be the best way to create a family -centered environment. Cognitive Level: Analysis/Analyzing Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Integrated Process: Caring Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 10. A clinic nurse is explaining to a student nurse the function of the community health map in assessing families. Which description of this assessment tool is most accurate? A. It assesses how the family interacts with outside social systems. B. It locates health -care settings in, or close to, their neighborhood. C. It outlines family problems and social resources to help with them. D. It shows how the health of the community impacts each family. ANS: A A community health map is an assessment tool for family structure, function, and support networks. It displays significant related data and helps the nurse focus on the family as it interacts with the social systems within and around the family. Its purpos e is not to locate local health -care settings. The focus is on family health and past successes and current strengths, not on family problems. Correlations can be made between the health of the community and the health of those living in that community, but this is not the purpose of the community health map. Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Difficulty: Moderate PTS: 1 11. A nurse wishes to improve his or her cultural sensitivity while working with patients. Which action by the nurse would best indicate progress toward this goal? A. Demonstrate good knowledge of different cultural health beliefs B. Effectively respond to the needs of people of different cultures C. Interact respectfully with patients who have differing health beliefs D. Recognizes that he or she will never be the expert in other cultures ANS: C Med C Cultural sensitivity is a way of approaching people who hold health beliefs different from one’s own. A nurse with this characteristic is respectful of and open to others . Cultural competence is the ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures and requires a certain level of knowledge about those cultures. Cultural humility is the recognition that one will never master all information about another culture. Cognitive Level: Analysis/Analyzing Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial I ntegrity Integrated Process: Caring Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 12. A nurse manager is evaluating staff members on their cultural competence. Which action best demonstrates this characteristic? A. Attends workshops on cultural diversity and health practices B. Participates in community health events with minority populations C. Plans care with the family members within their cultural beliefs D. Uses family members as interpreters to make them feel important ANS: C The culturally sensitive nurse is able to understand and respond to the needs of individuals and families from different cultures. This nurse plans interventions with a solid knowledge of the values and practices of the members of the culture. Being open, listening to th e family, and involving them in care demonstrates respect, unifies the nurse –patient relationship, and will motivate the patient (and family) to make positive health changes. Attending workshops is a good way to learn about diverse cultures and attending c ommunity events with diverse populations can increase cultural knowledge, but these actions are too limited in scope to demonstrate cultural competence. Nurses should use professional interpreters when needed. Cognitive Level: Evaluation/Evaluating Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Integrated Process: Caring Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 13. A nurse is incorporating a cultural assessment into nursing care. Which assessment question by the nurse leads the supervisor to conclude that this nurse needs further education on cultural assessment? A. What customs and traditions are important to you? B. What kind of insurance coverage do you have? C. When you are stressed or worried, what comforts you? D. Who in your family is important for support? ANS: B competent Med C Cultural influences include family support systems, religious and spiritual beliefs, customs and traditions, communication patterns, coping strategies, and problem -solving techniques. Asking about insurance coverage is not directly related to culture, although this can give information about the patient/family’s living environment and ability to access resources. Cognitive Level: Evaluation/Evaluating Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Difficulty: Moderate PTS: 1 14. A nurse is working with a cultural group that has many proscri ptions against women seeking health care. What action by women in this community would indicate that they have successfully negotiated a new role in seeking care? A. Are able to make and keep medical appointments B. Can afford to pay for desired health -care services C. Follow their traditional roles and responsibilities D. Seek health -care advice from family members ANS: A Cultural proscriptions are beliefs, practices, and values of a group that tell women and children what they should not do. In many t raditional cultures, women do not have permission, decision -making power, or means to access the health -care system. If the women from such a culture successfully negotiate their roles regarding health care, they can access the health -care system on their own. The ability to afford services is not related, although cultural proscriptions might forbid women from making such a transact ion. If they follow their traditional roles or seek health care from family members, they have not demonstrated a successful negotiation of a new role. Cognitive Level: Analysis/Analyzing Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Caring Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 15. A patient wishes to use complementary therapy when managing a chronic health condition. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate? A. Advise the patient that stopping medical treatment may cause it to worsen. B. Inform the patient that there are no complemen tary therapies for this condition. C. Investigate herbs that can be substituted for prescription drugs. D. Suggest the patient add massage therapy to the medical regimen. ANS: D Med C Complementary therapy is nontraditional treatment that is used in addition to traditional medical care . Alternative therapies are used in place of traditional therapies. Adding massage to the medical regimen is an example of using complementary therapy. Su bstituting herbs for prescription medication is an example of alternative therapy. Because the patient is asking about complementary therapy, there is no need to warn him or her of the effects of stopping treatment. There are always complementary therapies that can be added to a medical regimen. Cognitive Level: Analysis/Analyzing Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Difficulty: Moderate PTS: 1 16. A nurse is working with a family that uses multiple complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities. What action by the nurse is best? A. Allow the family to continue these practices as desired. B. Assess how these practices reflect religious beliefs. C. Inform the family that most of these practices do not work. D. Provide evidence -based information about the therapies. ANS: D The nurse working with individuals or families who use CAM practices should respect the beliefs, values, and desires of the patient. The nurse should encourage families to make decisions regarding CAM practices based on evidence and research into their effects. The nurse can best assist in this by providing and discussing information. Although the nurse cannot stop the family f rom using CAM, he or she should not pass up the teaching opportunity. Many CAM practices have demonstrated benefit, so telling the family they don’t work is false information. A culturally competent nurse will assess how religious and spiritual beliefs affect health -care practices, but the nurse needs to advocate for the patient/family by providing solid information. Cognitive Level: Application/Applying Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrate d Process: Teaching/Learning Difficulty: Moderate PTS: 1 17. A nurse acting in the role of teacher is determining learning outcomes. Which action will produce the best outcomes for teaching? A. Collaborate with the discharge planner on outcomes. B. Determine the teaching priority, then establish the outcome. C. Develop outcomes mutually agreed on with the patient. D. Enlist other staff members to help prioritize outcomes. ANS: C Med C The best nursing care (including teaching) is a collaborative effort between nurse and patient. Each participant has knowledge and shares the power of determining what is to be learned. The best outcomes result in patient cooperation, because the patient was instrumental in developing them. The other actions might be helpful in specific situations, but involving the patient (or family) is always appropriate and vital. Cognitive Level: Application/Applying Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Difficulty: Moderate PTS: 1 18. A nurse uses Nightingale’s theory of nursing to pattern care for patients. Which action by the nurse is most consistent with this theory? A. Does for the patient what he or she is unable to do for self B. Focuses patient interactions on caring, healing, and wholeness C. Keeps patient’s room clean and ensures good nutrition D. Incor porates culturally relevant actions in a caring encounter ANS: C Nightingale focused on the spiritual, physical/environmental, emotional, mental, and social needs of the patient. A major area of emphasis was on improving the patient’s environment (internal and external). For this theorist, the base of nursing practice centered around observation, knowledge of sanitation, nutrition, caring, and compassion. The action most closely associated with Nightingale would be keeping the patient’s room clean and ensuring the patient gets good nutrition. A focus on caring, healing, and wholeness -centered interactions is reflective of Jean Watson’s theory . Incorporation of culture into nursing care reflects the theory of Leininger . Although not mentioned in the text, doing for others what they would do for themselves, if able, is the basis of Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory. Cognitive Level: Analysis/Analyzing Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation Difficulty: Moderate PTS: 1 19. An inpatient nursing unit uses Madeleine Leininger’s theory to or ganize nursing care. The manager would conclude that a new nurse has successfully integrated this theory into practice when the nurse does which of the following actions? A. Emphasizes caring over curing in nursing actions B. Establishes trusting relationships with patients C. Knows the cultural practices of many different groups D. Organizes environmental factors for the patient’s benefit ANS: B Med C Establishing a trusting nurse –patient relationship is at the core of Leininger’s theory. In order to understand another person’s cultural beliefs, values, methods of providing or showing caring, causes of illness, and how wellness is achieved, the nurse mu st first establish a trusting relationship with the patient so the patient feels free to share . This is an ongoing process. The emphasis on caring over curing is part of Watson’s theory. Knowing the practices of several different cultural groups would be a valuable asset, but is not required for Leininger’s theory. Organizing the environment to benefit the patient is part of Nightingale’s theory. Cognitive Level: Evaluation/Evaluating Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Integrated Process: Caring Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 20. A nurse uses Watson’s theory as a framework for nursing practice. Which nursing action best demonstrates the use of this theory? A. Actively clarifies the patient’s health beliefs and practices B. Allows children to visit an ill parent despite visitation restrictions C. Assesses both the physical and spiritual dimensions of the patient D. Ensures the patient is neither too warm nor too hot for comfort ANS: C Jean Watson contends that caring as a nurse requires the nurse to pay attention to both the physical and spiritual dimensions of the patient. Clarifying health beliefs and practices is more related to Leininger’s theory. Allowing children to visit despite restrictions is a caring action, but is not tied to a specific theory. Manipulating the environment for patient comfort and well-being is a core component of Nightingale’s theory. Cognitive Level: Application/Applying Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Integrated Process: Caring Difficulty: Moderate PTS: 1 21. A nursing manager wants to increase the staff’s attention to patients’ spirituality. Which action by a nurse would best demons trate this concept? A. Asked about the patient’s religion B. Assessed the patient’s meaning of life C. Consulted a chaplain for a patient case D. Inquired about religious rituals in health ANS: B Spirituality does not necessarily equate with religion; it is more a concept related to a person’s beliefs about the meaning of life. Although all actions might be incorporated in a comprehensive discussion of spirituality, the best demonstration of attention to this characteristic is inquiring about the meaning the patient ascribes to life. Med C Cognitive Level: Evaluation/Evaluating Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Integrated Process: Caring Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 22. A nurse is demonstrating the professional role of provider of care to a nursing student. Which action by the nurse is most relevant to this professional role? A. Assesses the patient’s priority physical needs B. Gives the patient a bath instead of delegating it C. Supervises unlicensed assistive personnel D. Uses monitoring and IV equipment correctly ANS: D One of the major responsibilities of the nurse as provider of care is to maintain competency in using monitoring and therapeutic equipment. This is a vital safety measure for the patient. The nurse as provider of care should assess all of the patient’s phy sical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs, not just the priority physical needs. Supervising other personnel may or may not be part of a nurse’s job description. Choosing to delegate an activity is not a core role of the provider of care. Cognitive Level: Application/Applying Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 23. A nurse is caring for a patient from a culture with which the nurse is totally unfamiliar. What action by the nurse will best promote effective communication? A. Call for a professional interpreter to translate information. B. Pattern voice tone and eye contact after the patient’s beha viors. C. Talk slowly and deliberately using simple language and cues. D. Use nonverbal communication as much as possible with the patient. ANS: B In the situation where the nurse is unfamiliar with the patient’s culture, the nurse should pattern verbal and nonverbal communication after the patient’s own style. There is no indication that this patient does not speak English, so using an interpreter, talking slowly using simple language, and using mostly nonverbal communication is inappropriate. Cognitive Level: Application/Applying Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Integrated Process: Communication and Documenta tion Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 Med C 24. A nurse has been teaching a patient who seems impatient and does not retain much of what is taught. What action by the nurse would be best to facilitate the patient’s learning? A. Assess for unmet personal needs such as pain or hunger. B. Determine why the patient is being uncooperative. C. Give information in writing and let the patient read it. D. Stop the teaching session and return at a later time. ANS: A Learning is not likely to be effective if the patient has unmet basic human needs such as hunger, pain, a full bladder, or fear. The nurse should assess for those needs and meet them before continuing. Labeling a patient as uncooperative is counterproducti ve and judgmental and does nothing to enlist the patient’s cooperation. Written information (if the patient is literate) is always a good idea, but doing nothing more than that will not improve the patient’s learning when basic needs are unmet. Returning at a later time also does not meet the patient’s needs. Cognitive Level: Applying/Application Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment Difficulty: Moderate PTS: 1 25. A nurse manager expects all employees to be patient advocates. Which nursing action best demonstrates this nursing role? A. Arranging a family –physician conference to clarify treatment plans B. Encouraging treatment options based on personal beliefs and values C. Giving contact information for governmental assistance agencies D. Working on a political campaign to reduce poverty in the state ANS: A In the advocate role, the nurse should promote patient -/family -centered care and work to provide the patient with more control, power, and self-determination in the health -care setting . The nurse who arranges a family –physician conference to clarify treatment plans is advocating for the patient. Giving contact information for assistance agencies and working on political campaigns are also ways of demonstrating advocacy, but are too limited in scope to be the best answer. The nurse advocate must ensure he or she is speak ing for the patient and the patient’s desires, not inserting personal values and beliefs into the process. Cognitive Level: Evaluation/Evaluating Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity Patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Integrated Process: Caring Difficulty: Difficult PTS: 1 26. A nurse is describing the use of evidence -based practice (EBP) guidelines to a nursing student. Which explanation of EBP is mos t accurate?