(Test Bank) New Leadership Challenge Creating The Future of Nursing

Grossman, 6

Nursing

Test Bank

6th Edition

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Author(s): Grossman

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TEST BANK NEW LEADERSHIP CHALLENGE CREATING THE FUTURE OF NURSING GROSSMAN Chapter 1: The Phenomenon of Leadership: Classic/Historical and Contemporary Leadership Theories Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which leadership theory stresses the significance of the environment or circumstance, notes that the leader emerges but is not necessarily chosen, and gives little recognition to followers? 1. Trait theory 2. Modern theory 3. Situational theory 4. Great man theory 2. A new nurse manager on the surgical unit is organizing a team. Which team member will be most beneficial to achieve a high level of creativity? 1. A scrub nurse 2. A medical nurse 3. A surgical nurse 4. A circulating nurse 3. A nurse manager is using idealized influence to motivate staff. Which technique is the nurse manager using? 1. Increasing the staff’s confidence and trust 2. Teaching the staff to be goal-oriented and responsible 3. Encouraging creativity and new approaches to problems 4. Assisting staff to continue working hard and self-actualize 4. A nurse is using the “4-D” cycle of appreciative inquiry. Which “D” should the nurse use? 1. Daring 2. Design 3. Decisive 4. Determined 5. Which major factors in health care are creating the need for new leaders? 1. Chaos, uncertainty, unpredictability, and constant change 2. Health -care reform, politics, violence, and surplus resources 3. Inferior technology, mergers, acquisitions, and one’s legal scope of practice 4. Too many workers, not enough work, unprepared employees, and technology 6. In the humanbecoming leading -following model proposed by Parse (2009), what are the three major components? 1. Goals, followers, and resources 2. Strategy, goals, and outcome evaluation 3. Vision, willingness to risk, and reverence for others 4. Trust , hierarchical power, and nonjudgmental attitude 7. A theory of leadership proposed by Heifetz (2009) focuses on which component? 1. The extent to which leaders disturb the equilibrium 2. The extent to which leaders and followers are friends 3. The extent to which leaders’ traits and personalities are emphasized 4. The extent to which leaders can recruit followers to embrace their vision 8. A nurse thinks that a turning schedule will be beneficial for a patient to prevent pressure ulcers. Before implementing the turning schedule, the nurse considers using a special mattress. Which technique did the nurse use? 1. Self-awareness 2. Relational transparency 3. Internalized moral perspective 4. Balanced information processing 9. A nurse identifies a lead er as one who is above average height and weight, has superior judgment, is decisive, and has self-confidence. Which theory did this nurse use to identify a leader? 1. Trait theory 2. Situational theory 3. Great man theory 4. Contemporary leadership theory 10. According to Max Mckeown, what does innovation + strategy about shaping the future equal? 1. Leadership 2. Adaptability 3. Positive turbulence 4. Disturbing equilibrium 11. A nurse is working in an agency that focuses on the six freedoms. In which type of environment is the nurse working? 1. Social model 2. Complexity theory 3. Appreciative inquiry 4. Eastern vs. Western leadership 12. Which population group ranked higher on empowering? 1. Anglo leaders 2. European leaders 3. Middle Eastern leaders 4. Southeast Asian leaders 13. According to The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, which category of nurses should be prepared to lead? 1. All 2. Some 3. None 4. Just a few 14. In Phase IV of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN), which degree should nurses obtain? 1. Vocational 2. Associate’s 3. Bachelor’s 4. Diploma 15. Which important aspect of leadership is often overlooked? 1. Leaving early 2. Having alone time 3. Working with a team 4. Taking vacations with family 16. A nurse on a busy unit goes to the park after work and thinks about the day at work before returning home. Which authentic leadership trait did the nurse display? 1. Integrity 2. Self-reflection 3. Relational transparency 4. Internalized moral perspective 17. Which is necessary for a leader to be successful in health care’s volatile environment? 1. Being stagnate 2. Being inflexible 3. Enjoying the present 4. Always compromising 18. Which nurse has an innovative leadership characteristic? 1. A nurse with a personal vision 2. A nurse with faith in the physicians 3. A nurse with a strong profit/cost focus 4. A nurse with fierce loyalty to the organization 19. A nurse manager uses an assessment tool to identify eight practices, such as sensing and envisioning, and uses observations to identify personality characteristics to identify new nurses for leadership positions. Which two theories did the nurse manager blend? 1. Complexity theory and situational theory 2. Innovative leadership theory and trait theory 3. Appreciative inquiry theory and great man theory 4. Transformational leadership theory and ethical leadership theory 20. Which information from a nurse indicates a correct understanding of leadership theories? 1. Successful leadership is authority. 2. There is a clear definition of leadership. 3. Leadership is multidimensional and multifaceted. 4. Effective leadership and ineffective leadership can be identified easily. 21. A nurse is asked by a coworker how authentic leadership differs from ethical leadership. How should the nurse respond? 1. “A strong self-awareness is needed with ethical leadership.” 2. “High moral standards are needed solely for ethical leadership.” 3. “Good communication skills are needed with authentic leadership.” 4. “Disturbing the equilibrium is associated with authentic leadership.” 22. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which type of leadership should be used to increase patient safety and decrease health -care errors? 1. Trait 2. Great man 3. Situational 4. Transformational 23. A nurse manager uses four processes, one of which includes individualized considerations, and enjoys the “messiness” of social processes to help new nurses “step up” to leadership positions. Which two theories did the nurse blend? 1. Transformational theory and complexity theory 2. Appreciative inquiry theory and authentic leadership 3. Trait theory and humanbecoming leading -following model 4. Contemporary leadership theory and classic leadership theory Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. 24. A manager is teaching the staff about contemporary leadership theories. Which topics will the nurse stress in the teaching session? Select all that apply. 1. Dyadic 2. Relational 3. Head -down approach 4. Complex social models 5. Individual leader qualities 25. A nurse manager is using Denning and Dunham’s (2010) practices to innovatively lead the medical - surgical unit. Which practices will the nurse manager demonstrate? Select all that apply. 1. Sensing 2. Leading 3. Embodying 4. Dreaming 5. Following Chapter 1: The Phenomenon of Leadership: Classic/Historical and Contemporary Leadership Theories Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: 3 Page: 3 Objective: 3. Compare and contrast major theoretical ideas about leadership from classic/historical and contemporary perspectives. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Situational Theories Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management Feedback 1 Incorrect because trait theory is focused only on the characteristics of the leader. 2 Incorrect because modern theories of leadership focus on followers, situation, and leader. 3 Correct because situational theory includes the environment and emphasizes that the leader is not necessarily chosen but evolves. 4 Incorrect because great man theory stresses only the leader. PTS: 1 CON: Management 2. ANS: 2 Page: 4 Objective: 4. Analyze how nurses can use a combination of classic and contemporary theories of leadership to strengthen their success as leaders of the health -care team, within institutions, and for the profession. Difficulty: Difficult Heading: Relational and Social Models Integrated Processes: Documentation and Communication Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing] Concept: Collaboration: Communicati on: Management Feedback 1 Incorrect because this would produce a homogenous group; a heterogeneous group produces creativity. 2 Correct because to achieve a high level of creative thought it is necessary to bring together groups of people with different levels of expertise. 3 Incorrect because this would produce a homogenous group; a heterogeneous group produces creativity. 4 Incorrect because this would produce a homogenous group; a heterogeneous group produces creativity. PTS: 1 CON: Collaboration: Communication: Management 3. ANS: 1 Page: 4 Objective: 2. Describe how leadership ability is a vital component of success for an individual, a unit/department/practice, and an organization, particularly in nursing. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Transformational Leadership Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Nursing Roles: Collaboration: Communication: Management Feedback 1 Correct because with idealized influence the leader assists the follower to increase confidence, respect, and trust. 2 Incorrect because inspirational motivation involves teaching the follower to be empowering, goal-oriented, and responsible. Idealized influence involves the leader assisting the follower to increase confidence, respect, and trust. 3 Incorrect because intellectual stimulation involves assisting the follower to be creative, expand on ideas, and find new approaches to solve problems. Idealized influence involves the leader assisting the follower to increase confidence, respect, and trust. 4 Incorrect because individualized consideration includes assisting the follower to increase self -esteem, continue working hard, and self -actualize. Idealized influence involves the leader assisting the follower to increase confidence, respect, and trust. PTS: 1 CON: Nursing Roles: Collaboration: Communication: Management 4. ANS: 2 Page: 8 Objective: 2. Describe how leadership ability is a vital component of success for an individual, a unit/department/practice, and an organization, particularly in nursing. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Appreciative Inquiry Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Collaboration: Management Feedback 1 Incorrect because daring is not a component. 2 Correct because the “4 -D” cycle of appreciative inquiry includes discovery (appreciating what is), dream (imagining what might be), design (determining what should be), and delivery/destiny (creating what will be). 3 Incorrect because decisive is not a component. 4 Incorrect because determined is not a component. PTS: 1 CON: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Collaboration: Management 5. ANS: 1 Page: 1 Objective: 1. Examine the multiple aspects of the phenomenon of leadership. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Introduction Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Health -Care Systems: Management: Quality Improvement Feedback 1 Correct because these chaotic, unpredictable, uncertain, and constantly changing times are calling for new leaders even though “being an effective leader in today’s tumultuous world is almost impossible.” 2 Incorrect because there is not a surplus of resources. 3 Incorrect because technology in health care is not inferior. 4 Incorrect because there are not enough workers, there is too much work, and technology is a positive feature. PTS: 1 CON: Health -Care Systems: Management: Quality Improvement 6. ANS: 3 Page: 8 Objective: 3. Compare and contrast major theoretical ideas about leadership from classic/historical and contemporary perspectives. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: HumanBecoming Leading -Following Model Integrated Processes: Caring Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Collaboration: Communication: Management Feedback 1 Incorrect because Parse does not mention any of these ideas as her components. 2 Incorrect because Parse does not mention any of these ideas as her components. 3 Correct because Parse defines these three components as what constitutes her model. 4 Incorrect because Parse does not mention any of these ideas as her components. PTS: 1 CON: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Collaboration: Communication: Management 7. ANS: 1 Page: 5 Objective: 3. Compare and contrast major theoretical ideas about leadership from classic/historical and contemporary perspectives. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Adaptive Leadership Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Management Feedback 1 Correct because disturbing the equilibrium is exactly what the Heifetz theory advocates. 2 Incorrect because the Heifetz theory does not focus on the leader –follower’s relationship. 3 Incorrect because the Heifetz theory is not similar to the great man theory or personality theories of leadership. 4 Incorrect because recruiting followers and getting them to follow their vision is not representative of the Heifetz theory. PTS: 1 CON: Management 8. ANS: 4 Page: 5 Objective: 4. Analyze how nurses can use a combination of classic and contemporary theories of leadership to strengthen their success as leaders of the health -care team, within institutions, and for the profession. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Authentic Leadership Integrated Processes: Caring Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing] Concept: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Management: Evidence -Based Practice Feedback 1 Incorrect because self-awareness is an understanding of each individual’s strengths and weaknesses, not balanced information processing. 2 Incorrect because relational transparency encompasses honest two-way communication, not balanced information processing. 3 Incorrect because internalized moral perspective is the individual’s moral compass, not balanced information processing. 4 Correct because balanced information processing is defined as taking the time to explore other options before making a decision. PTS: 1 CON: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Management: Evidence -Based Practice 9. ANS: 1 Page: 3 Objective: 3. Compare and contrast major theoretical ideas about leadership from classic/historical and contemporary perspectives. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Trait Theories Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management Feedback 1 Correct because trait theory asserts that certain traits and characteristics determine a leader. 2 Incorrect because situational theory gives clear recognition to the significance of the environment and the particular situation as factors in the effectiveness of a leader. 3 Incorrect because great man theory asserts that one is a leader if one is born into the “right” family. 4 Incorrect because contemporary leadership theories focus on relationships and interactions with the leader, situation, and followers. PTS: 1 CON: Management 10. ANS: 2 Page: 6 Objective: 1. Examine the multiple aspects of the phenomenon of leadership. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Innovative Leadership Integrated Processes: N/A Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [App lying] Concept: Management: Quality Improvement: Collaboration Feedback 1 Incorrect because Max Mckeown states that it equals adaptability, not leadership. 2 Correct because Max Mckeown recommends that innovation + strategy about shaping the future = adaptability . 3 Incorrect because Max Mckeown states that it equals adaptability, not positive turbulence. 4 Incorrect because Max Mckeown states that it equals adaptability, not disturbing equilibrium. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Quality Improvement: Collaboration 11. ANS: 3 Page: 7 Objective: 3. Compare and contrast major theoretical ideas about leadership from classic/historical and contemporary perspectives. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Appreciative Inquiry Integrated Processes: Caring Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management: Health -Care System Feedback 1 Incorrect because social models focus on the relational and complex social models rather than on an individual leader, not on the six freedoms. 2 Incorrect because complexity theory acknowledges the “messiness” and complexity of social processes in which leaders emerge through dynamic interactions, not on the six freedoms. 3 Correct because appreciative inquiry environments are characterized by the six freedoms. 4 Incorrect because Eastern versus Western leadership provides evidence of the impact of culture on leadership, not on the six freedoms. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Health -Care System 12. ANS: 2 Page: 9 Objective: 1. Examine the multiple aspects of the phenomenon of leadership. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Eastern versus Western Leadership Culture in Our Global World Integrated Processes: Culture and Spirituality Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management: Collaboration: Diversity Feedback 1 Incorrect because Anglo leaders were rated lower on visioning, empowering, rewarding and feedback, and team building. 2 Correct because European leaders rate higher on empowering and tenacity. 3 Incorrect because Middle Eastern leaders were rated higher on emotional intelligence. 4 Incorrect because Southeast Asian leaders were rated higher regarding visioning. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Collaboration: Diversity 13. ANS: 1 Page: 10 Objective: 2. Describe how leadership ability is a vital component of success for an individual, a unit/department/practice, and an organization, particularly in nurs ing. Difficulty: Easy Heading: Leadership Theories and Quality Health Care Integrated Processes: Caring Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environments: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Management: Quality Improvement: Evidence -Based Practice: Health -Care Systems Feedback 1 Correct because the report recommended that all nurses be prepared to assume leadership positions. 2 Incorrect because all, not some, nurses should be prepared to assume leadership positions. 3 Incorrect because all, not none, nurses should be prepared to assume leadership positions. 4 Incorrect because all, not just a few, nurses should be prepared to assume leadership positions. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Quality Improvement: Evidence -Based Practice: Health -Care Systems 14. ANS: 3 Page: 10 Objective: 2. Describe how leadership ability is a vital component of success for an individual, a unit/department/practice, and an organization, particularly in nursing. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Leadership Theories and Quality Health Care Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management: Quality Improvement: Evidence -Based Practice: Nursing Feedback 1 Incorrect because a bachelor’s degree or higher is recommended. 2 Incorrect because a bachelor’s degree or higher is recommended. 3 Correct because in Phase IV of the QSEN project, beginning in 2012 a specific goal of having 80% of all registered nurses hold an earned bachelor’s degree or higher is recommended. 4 Incorrect because a bachelor’s degree or higher is recommended. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Quality Improvement: Evidence -Based Practice: Nursing 15. ANS: 2 Page: 4 Objective: 1. Examine the multiple aspects of the phenomenon of leadership. Difficulty: Easy Heading: Relational and Social Models Integrated Processes: N/A Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Management Feedback 1 Incorrect because alone time is overlooked. Leaving early, per se, is not considered an aspect of leadership. 2 Correct because alone time is needed to feel more productive and creative, reflect on past and present situations, and to think about future directions. 3 Incorrect because alone time is overlooked. Although working with a team is a component of leadership, it is generally recognized as a key component; that is, it is not overlooked. 4 Incorrect because alone time is overlooked. Taking vacations, per se, is not considered an aspect of leadership. PTS: 1 CON: Management 16. ANS: 2 Page: 5 Objective: 1. Examine the multiple aspects of the phenomenon of leadership. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Authentic Leadership Integrated Processes: Caring Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management: Nursing: Nursing Roles Feedback 1 Incorrect because integrity is not the same thing as self-reflection. 2 Correct because Kernis (2003) further expands on authentic leadership by emphasizing the importance of self-reflection, a concept that may be particularly important for nurses. 3 Incorrect because relational transparency encompasses honest two-way communication. 4 Incorrect because internalized moral perspective is the individual’s moral compass. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Nursing: Nursing Roles 17. ANS: 3 Page: 6 Objective: 2. Describe how leadership ability is a vital component of success for an individual, a unit/department/practice, and an organization, particularly in nursing. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Adaptive Leadership Integrated Processes: N/A Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management: Health -Care Systems: Nursing: Nursing Roles Feedback 1 Incorrect because a leader must be aware of having a stake in the future. 2 Incorrect because leaders must be flexible. 3 Correct because enjoying the present is a sign of a successful adaptable leader. 4 Incorrect because leaders may not always be willing to compromise. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Health -Care Systems: Nursing: Nursing Roles 18. ANS: 4 Page: 6 Objective: 2. Describe how leadership ability is a vital component of success for an individual, a unit/department/practice, and an organization, particularly in nursing. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Innovative Leadership Integrated Processes: N/A Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management: Health-Care Systems: Nursing: Nursing Roles Feedback 1 Incorrect because an excellent strategic vision is one of the ten characteristics for innovative leadership. 2 Incorrect because faith in the organization is one of the ten characteristics for innovative leadership. 3 Incorrect because a strong customer focus is one of the ten characteristics for innovative leadership. 4 Correct because Zenger and Folkman (2014) include a fierce organization loyalty as one of the ten characteristics for innovative leadership. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Health -Care Systems: Nursing: Nursing Roles 19. ANS: 2 Page: 3 and 6 Objective: 4. Analyze how nurses can use a combination of classic and contemporary theories of leadership to strengthen their success as leaders of the health -care team, within institutions, and for the profession. Difficulty: Difficult Heading: Trait Theories; Innovative Leadership Integrated Processes: N/A Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Envi ronment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing] Concept: Management: Collaboration: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Quality Improvement Feedback 1 Incorrect because complexity theory and situational theory do not focus on the eight practices assessed. 2 Correct because innovative leadership theory uses the innovative assessment tool to assess the eight practices and trait theory focuses on the person’s characteristics/traits. 3 Incorrect because appreciative inquiry theory and great man theory do not focus on the eight practices assessed. 4 Incorrect because transformational leadership theory and ethical leadership theory do not focus on the eight practices assessed. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Collaboration: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Quality Improvement 20. ANS: 3 Page: 2 Objective: 1. Examine the multiple aspects of the phenomenon of leadership. Difficulty: Easy Heading: Introduction Integrated Processes: N/A Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cogn itive Level: Comprehension [Understanding] Concept: Management: Evidence -Based Practice Feedback 1 Incorrect because successful leadership today is influence, not authority. 2 Incorrect because there are more than 850 definitions of leadership. 3 Correct because leadership is multidimensional and multifaceted. 4 Incorrect because what distinguishes effective leaders from ineffective leaders is not clear. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Evidence -Based Practice 21. ANS: 3 Page: 5 Objective: 3. Compare and contrast major theoretical ideas about leadership from classic/historical and contemporary perspectives. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Authentic Leadership Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management: Communication: Nursing Roles Feedback 1 Incorrect because a strong self-awareness is associated with authentic leadership. 2 Incorrect because high moral standards are needed for both theories. 3 Correct because good communication skills are needed with authentic leadership. 4 Incorrect because disturbing the equilibrium is associated with adaptive leadership. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Communication: Nursing Roles 22. ANS: 4 Page: 10 Objective: 2. Describe how leadership ability is a vital component of success for an individual, a unit/department/practice, and an organization, particularly in nursing. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Leadership Theories and Quality Health Care Integrated Processes: N/A Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management: Health -Care Systems: Quality Improvement: Evide nce-Based Practice Feedback 1 Incorrect because transformational leadership is recommended. 2 Incorrect because transformational leadership is recommended. 3 Incorrect because transformational leadership is recommended. 4 Correct because transformational leadership is recommended. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Health -Care Systems: Quality Improvement: Evidence -Based Practice 23. ANS: 1 Page: 4 and 8 Objective: 4. Analyze how nurses can use a combination of classic and contemporary theories of leadership to strengthen their success as leaders of the health -care team, within institutions, and for the profession. Difficulty: Difficult Heading: Transformational Leadership; Complexity Theory Integrated Processes: Caring Client Need: Safe and Effecti ve Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing] Concept: Management: Health -Care System: Collaboration: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Quality Improvement Feedback 1 Correct because transformational theory and complexity theory focus on individualized considerations and “messiness.” 2 Incorrect because appreciative inquiry theory and authentic leadership theory do not focus on individualized considerations and “messiness.” 3 Incorrect because trait theory and the humanbecoming leading -following model do not focus on individualized considerations and “messiness.” 4 Incorrect because classic leadership theory does not focus on individualized considerations and “messiness.” PTS: 1 CON: Management: Health -Care System: Collaboration: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Quality Improvement MULTIPLE RESPONSE 24. ANS: 1, 2, 4 Page: 4 Objective: 3. Compare and contrast major theoretical ideas about leadership from classic/historical and contemporary perspectives. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Relational and Social Models Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Nursing Roles: Collaboration: Communication: Management Feedback 1. Correct because contemporary leadership theories are focused on dyadic, relational, and complex social models more than on an individual leader. 2. Correct because contemporary leadership theories are focused on dyadic, relational, and complex social models more than on an individual leader. 3. Incorrect because people in health care need to follow the great leaders who are not “head -down but see around corners.” 4. Correct because contemporary leadership theories are focused on dyadic, relational, and complex social models more than on an individual leader. 5. Incorrect because contemporary leadership theories are not focused on an individual leader or traits. PTS: 1 CON: Nursing Roles: Collaboration: Communication: Management 25. ANS: 1, 2, 3 Page: 7 Objective: 4. Analyze how nurses can use a combination of classic and contemporary theories of leadership to strengthen their success as leaders of the health -care team, within institutions, and for the profession. Diffi culty: Difficult Heading: Innovative Leadership Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Collaboration: Communication: Management Feedback 1. Correct because sensing, envisioning, offering, adopting, sustaining, executing, leading, and embodying are examples of Denning and Dunham’s practices. 2. Correct because sensing, envisioning, offering, adopting, sustaining, executing, leading, and embodying are examples of Denning and Dunham’s practices. 3. Correct because sensing, envisioning, offering, adopting, sustaining, executing, leading, and embodying are examples of Denning and Dunham’s practices. 4. Incorrect because dreaming is an example of one of the “4 -D” cycles for appreciative inquiry. 5. Incorrect because following is not a component of Denning and Dunham’s eight practices. PTS: 1 CON: Nursing: Nursing Roles: Collaboration: Communication: Management Chapter 2: The Nature of Leadership: Distinguishing Leadership From Management Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which action best indicates the nurse is a leader? 1. Has a title 2. Inspires others 3. Has enthusiasm 4. Focuses on doing things right 2. A nurse is asked by a coworker what the difference is between leadership and management. How should the nurse respond? 1. “Leadership focuses on people.” 2. “Leadership focuses on balance.” 3. “Leadership focuses on the status quo.” 4. “Leadership focuses on the bottom line.” 3. Which statement describes management more so than it describes leadership? 1. It is more of an art than a science. 2. It focuses on renewal of the group. 3. It seems to generate relative disorder. 4. It is “tidy,” with steps that can be clearly outlined. 4. Robert Frost, the great American poet, said, “Some men see things as they are and say why? I dream of things that never were and say why not?” This statement best reflects which of the following elements of leadership? 1. Vision 2. Power 3. Change 4. Stewardship 5. Which person best represents a leader with a vision of enhancing each individual’s ability to communicate globally while at the same time providing almost universal access to all? 1. Mother Teresa caring for the poorest of the poor in India 2. Fred Smith providing overnight mail and package delivery 3. Steve Jobs developing desktop computers for personal use 4. Henry Ford inventing affordable cars for the average American 6. Which action should the nurse take to improve communication skills that are essential for effective leadership? 1. Read professional journals regularly. 2. Achieve national certification in one’s specialty area. 3. Attend a professional conference or lecture on the impact of managed care. 4. Participate actively as a member of a patient care or nursing initiative committee. 7. A nurse leader feels responsible for the “larger picture,” oversees the implementation of change, and gives one’s self -interests a “back seat” to the interests of the group. Which element is this nurse leader displaying? 1. Vision 2. Creativity 3. Stewardship 4. Assertiveness 8. Which nurse is not in a position of authority but still has the potential to be a strong leader? 1. Staff nurse 2. Nurse manager 3. Nurse supervisor 4. Nurse administrator 9. A nurse develops a personal definition of leadership. Which characteristics of that definition indicate the nurse understands the concept and how it differs from management? 1. A leader acts with integrity and passion. 2. A leader uses her or his power to direct others. 3. A leader directs others to do what is mandated. 4. A leader authorizes permission for other’s actions. 10. Which category of nurses “rock the boat” as little as possible to accomplish a goal? 1. Nurse leaders 2. Nurse managers 3. Nurse entrepreneurs 4. Nurse innovators 11. Zaleznik said that leaders are “twice born.” How should the nurse interpret this statement? 1. Their lives are harmonious and very much influenced by others’ opinions. 2. Their thoughts and viewpoints reflect the status quo and generally do not effect change. 3. They are a part of the organizational environment and need to represent the organization’s viewpoint. 4. Their lives tend to be full of challenging experiences and their leadership emerges from the consequences of these experiences, which have affected their learning. 12. Being able to articulate one’s vision and engage others to achieve it requires effective leadership skills along with a great amount of: 1. Authority and power. 2. Knowledge and authority. 3. Political savvy and power. 4. Determination and persistence. 13. A nurse is comparing a manager’s and a leader’s power base. Where does a leader’s power base originate? 1. Holding the position 2. Doing things right 3. Having the ability to motivate followers 4. Being appointed by the organization 14. A nurse leader is mentoring, providing personal attention, and role modeling. Which leadership element is the nurse demonstrating? 1. Facilitating change 2. Formulating a vision 3. Providing stewardship 4. Developing/renewing followers 15. Nurses who are leaders and want to change care delivery practices must be willing to implement which activi ty? 1. Complaining openly about current practices 2. Telling members of the group what they need to do to make the change happen 3. Keeping the group in a constant state of flux so they never get too comfortable with the status quo 4. Proposing new practices after carefully reviewing relevant research and planning change strategies 16. How does precepting differ from the role of a mentor? 1. Preceptors are assigned to the role. 2. Preceptors are less experienced than the other person. 3. Preceptors help the other person throughout her or his career. 4. Preceptors are accountable for the actions of the other person. 17. Which important quality of a leader is often overlooked? 1. Being cautious 2. Being a risk taker 3. Being cost effective 4. Being careful not to “upset anyone in authority” 18. A nurse leader is striving to promote collaboration, cooperation, and inclusiveness in the group. Which task is the nurse leader displaying? 1. Renewing 2. Motivating 3. Representing the group 4. Achieving a workable unity 19. A nurse is developing a personal definition of leadership. Which concept is important to include in that definition? 1. Leadership just happens. 2. Leadership can be learned. 3. Leadership is limited to an elite few. 4. Leadership is the same as management. 20. Which perspective will distinguish a leader from a manager? A nurse leader’s perspective is: 1. Short -range, with an eye on order. 2. Long -range, with an eye on the horizon. 3. Long -range, with an eye on the position. 4. Short -range, with an eye on profit margin. 21. A nurse leader is helping others understand what the vision is and how their contributions relate to the vision. Which task is the nurse leader demonstrating? 1. Managing 2. Explaining 3. Affirming values 4. Serving as a symbol 22. Broome (2011) asserts that leaders who will shape the future need to: 1. Know when to lead and when to follow. 2. Develop strong business plans that keep the “bottom line” down. 3. Be aware of followers’ needs to have rests or vacations every 2 to 3 months. 4. Push the organization’s mission and goals no matter what the group’s vision is. 23. Which activity will allow staff nurses to integrate more leading into their careers? 1. Resisting changes suggested by new members of the group 2. Volunteering to work overtime as a role model for peers 3. Mentoring new colleagues to enhance their successful integration 4. Focusing on nursing while avoiding multidisciplinary interactions Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. 24. What makes professional nurses be in an excellent position to provide leadership regarding health - care issues? Select all that apply. 1. Desire to avoid conflict at all costs 2. Good communication skills 3. Credibility with the public 4. Ability to work collaboratively with others 5. Knowledge that exceeds that of other health -care team members 25. A nurse is teaching about leadership. Which concepts should the nurse include in the teaching session? Select all that apply. 1. Problem -solving 2. Affirmation of values 3. Stewardship 4. Motivation 5. Change Chapter 2: The Nature of Leadership: Distinguishing Leadership From Management Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: 2 Page: 21 Objective: 2. Distinguish leadership from management. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Summary Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management: Nursing Roles Feedback 1 Incorrect because a leader does not need a position or title. 2 Correct because inspiring others is a sign of a leader. 3 Incorrect because being enthusiastic does not ensure one is a leader. 4 Incorrect because managers do things right while leaders do the right thing. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Nursing Roles 2. ANS: 1 Page: 21 Objective: 2. Distinguish leadership from management. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Summary Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management Feedback 1 Correct because leadership focuses on people. 2 Incorrect because management focuses on balance. 3 Incorrect because management focuses on the status quo. 4 Incorrect because management focuses on the bottom line. PTS: 1 CON: Management 3. ANS: 4 Page: 19 Objective: 2. Distinguish leadership from management. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Tasks of Leadership Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management Feedback 1 Incorrect because management is a science; leadership is an art. 2 Incorrect because leadership reflects renewal of the group. 3 Incorrect because chaos or relative disorder is more a result of leadership than management. 4 Correct because management is tidy. PTS: 1 CON: Management 4. ANS: 1 Page: 23 Objective: 3. Discuss the essential elements of leadership. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Vision Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing] Concept: Management: Critical Thinking Feedback 1 Correct because vision is exactly what Robert Frost was talking about regarding his dream. 2 Incorrect because power does not reflect one’s dream/vision. 3 Incorrect because change does not reflect vision. 4 Incorrect because stewardship is not a dream or vision. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Critical Thinking 5. ANS: 3 Page: 23 Objective: 3. Discuss the essential elements of leadership. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Vision Integrated Processes: N/A Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management: Critical Thinking: Informatics Feedback 1 Incorrect because having Mother Teresa volunteer in India does not affect others globally. 2 Incorrect because overnight mail and package delivery does not allow for universal access to all. 3 Correct because Steve Jobs invented the desktop computer that allows for global networking. 4 Incorrect because a car does not allow one to communicate globally. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Critical Thinking: Informatics 6. ANS: 4 Page: 25 Objective: 3. Discuss the essential elements of leadership. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Communication Skills Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing] Concept: Management: Communication: Nursing Roles: Critical Thinking Feedback 1 Incorrect because reading journals will not necessarily increase one’s communication skills. 2 Incorrect because being certified does not correlate with improved communication skills. 3 Incorrect because going to conferences and classes does not necessarily improve one’s communication skills. 4 Correct because serving on a task force or committee will increase one’s ability to communicate. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Communication: Nursing Roles: Critical Thinking 7. ANS: 3 Page: 27 Objective: 3. Discuss the essential elements of leadership. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Stewardship Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing] Concept: Management: Nursing: Nursing Roles Feedback 1 Incorrect because having a vision indicates a dream for the group. 2 Incorrect because creativity is not the element described. 3 Correct because stewardship is this aspect of leadership. 4 Incorrect because assertiveness is not described. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Nursing: Nursing Roles 8. ANS: 1 Page: 22 Objective: 2. Distinguish leadership from management. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Summary Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing] Concept: Management: Nursing: Nursing Roles Feedback 1 Correct because staff nurses are leaders but are not in positions of authority. 2 Incorrect because nurse managers are in positions of authority. 3 Incorrect because nurse supervisors are in positions of authority. 4 Incorrect because nurse administrators are in positions of authority. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Nursing: Nursing Roles 9. ANS: 1 Page: 19 and 22 Objective: 4. Create a personal definition of leadership that reflects its essential elements. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Tasks of Leadership; Elements of Leadership Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing] Concept: Management: Nursing: Nursing Roles Feedback 1 Correct because effective leaders must lead with integrity and passion. 2 Incorrect because leaders do not use their power to direct others. 3 Incorrect because managers influence others to do what is mandated. 4 Incorrect because leaders do not authorize permission for other’s actions. PTS: 1 CON: Management: Nursing: Nursing Roles 10. ANS: 2 Page: 20 Objective: 2. Distinguish leadership from management. Difficulty: Moderate Heading: Conceptions of Work Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Management: Health -Care System: Collaboration: Nursing: Nursing Roles Feedback 1 Incorrect because leaders should “rock the boat” to accomplish a goal. 2 Correct because managers do not generally “rock the boat” very much because they prefer to maintain the status quo.