(Test Bank) Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 5: States of Consciousness

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1 Test Bank for Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 5: States of Consciousness MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A college student drifting into a pleasant daydream while sitting at the back of class, three businesswomen having wine at a wine bar, and an actor consulting a hypnotist to reduce stage fright are all a. experiencing the third-person experience. b. experiencing different states of consciousness. c. exhibiting unconscious drives for success. d. exhibiting narcissistic personalities. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Grand, Indeed! OBJ: 5.1.1 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 2. While a college student spends a day exploring in a fully conscious state of mindfulness meditation, a man in a hospital lies deep in a coma after surviving a horrendous traffic accident. Both of these individuals are a. experiencing the third-person experience. b. experiencing different states of consciousness. c. exhibiting unconscious transference. d. exhibiting a non-REM sleep state. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Grand, Indeed! OBJ: 5.1.1 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 3. To be conscious means a. that one is awake. b. that one is aware. c. that one is completely alert. d. none of these. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.1 KEY: Fact 4. Consciousness consists of all of the following EXCEPT a. sensations and perceptions. b. altered states (ASCs). c. memories and feelings. d. artificial intelligence (AI). ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 2 5. Which of the following consists of all the sensations, perceptions, memories, and feelings you are aware of at any instant? a. alertness b. personality c. consciousness d. intelligence ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.1 KEY: Fact 6. We cannot know the first-person experience of a. lower animals, like bats or cats. b. primates other than humans. c. other humans. d. any of these organisms. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.1 KEY: Concept 7. Regarding the first-person experience, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. We can learn a lot about humans and other animals through an objective, third-person point of view. b. We cannot directly know the first-person experience of animals. c. We cannot know the first-person experience of other persons. d. The difficulty of knowing other minds is why introspection replaced behaviorism early in psychology’s history. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 8. The difficulty of knowing other minds is why the technique of introspection was replaced with more objective measures by the early a. psychoanalysts. b. behaviorists. c. humanists. d. structuralists. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.1 KEY: Fact 9. The difficulty of knowing other minds is why the early behaviorist replaced which of the following with more objective measures? a. introspection 3 b. stimulus control c. conditioning d. response chaining ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 10. Because the mind and consciousness are fundamentally first-person phenomena, the basic challenge of understanding the brain and behavior is to use studies. a. intuitive b. subjective c. objective d. parapsychology ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.1 KEY: Fact 11. We spend most of our lives in a state of consciousness that is organized, meaningful, and clear and is referred to as a. a state of ASCs. b. waking consciousness. c. an altered state of consciousness. d. microsleeps. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.2 KEY: Fact 12. When a person is in a state of clear, organized alertness and perceives times, places, and events as real, meaningful, and familiar, he or she is said to be a. in waking consciousness. b. experiencing a state similar to non-REM. c. experiencing sensory overload. d. in an altered state of consciousness. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.2 KEY: Concept 13. Long-distance running, listening to music, sleep, and daydreaming are just some of the everyday ways to produce a. preconsciousness. b. altered states of consciousness. c. sensory enhancement. d. simulated information processing. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.2 KEY: Concept 4 14. The low levels of awareness associated with strokes and other forms of brain damage are examples of a. preconsciousness. b. altered states of consciousness. c. sensory gating. d. simulated states of consciousness. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.2 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 15. During an altered state of consciousness, changes occur in the quality of mental activity as well as in which other aspect of mental activity? a. assimilation b. length c. pattern d. sensory gating ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.2 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 16. Psychologists identify a condition of awareness that is distinctly different in quality or pattern from waking consciousness as a. preconsciousness. b. simulated information processing. c. an altered state of consciousness. d. sensory enhancement. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.2 KEY: Fact 17. Regarding altered states of consciousness (ASCs), which of the following statements is FALSE? a. During an altered state of consciousness, there are distinct shifts in our memories, time sense, emotions, and suggestibility. b. “Highway hypnotism” on long drives is an example of an altered state of consciousness. c. Most people do not know when they have experienced an altered state of consciousness. d. Heightened self-awareness is an important feature of many ASCs. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.2 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 18. An important feature of many altered states of consciousness (ASCs) is a. a clarity of waking consciousness. b. heightened self-awareness. c. cataplexy. d. amnesia for the period of time that one is in this state. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.2 5 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 19. One thing that cocaine, “highway hypnosis,” high fever, and meditation all have in common is that they produce a. hypnagogic images. b. relaxation. c. euphoria. d. ASCs. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.2 KEY: Concept 20. Regarding altered states of consciousness (ASCs), which of the following statements is FALSE? a. An unconscious person will die without constant care. b. Recently, scientists have been able to explain specifically how consciousness occurs. c. Most people know when they have experienced an altered state of consciousness. d. It is possible to identify various states of consciousness and to explore the role they play in our lives. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.2 KEY: Fact 21. During which ritual do several men sit in total darkness inside a small chamber heated by coals and chant rhythmically? a. Sioux sweat lodge ceremony b. Hindu mystics yoga practices c. ceremonies of the Whirling Dervishes of Turkey d. nightlong ritual of the Maori Tohunga in New Zealand ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.3 KEY: Fact 22. Which of the following statements does NOT describe the sweat lodge ceremony of the Sioux Indians? a. It is meant to cleanse the body and mind. b. It is performed in a dark coal-heated chamber. c. It often brings about an altered state of consciousness. d. It often causes a sensory overload that can lead to cataplexy. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 23. What do the Yoga practices of Hindu mystics, the dances of the Whirling Dervishes of Turkey, and the sweat lodge ceremony of the Sioux Indians all have in common? a. They are used as a rite of passage for the young men in each culture. b. They are all meant to cleanse the mind and body and bring about altered awareness and personal revelation. 6 c. They are all considered illegal practices in most Western cultures. d. They have all of these characteristics in common. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.3 KEY: Fact 24. Regarding altered states of consciousness, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Cultural conditioning affects what altered states we seek and attain. b. The meanings given to altered states have included signs of madness, spirit possession, and life-enhancing breakthroughs. c. Very few cultures or religions recognize and accept alterations of consciousness. d. Some people seek various altered states of pleasure, while others see altered states of consciousness as pathways to enlightenment. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: States of Consciousness -The Many Faces of Awareness OBJ: 5.1.3 KEY: Fact 25. Each of us will spend approximately how many years of life asleep? a. five b. 15 c. 20 d. 25 ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.1 KEY: Fact 26. Regarding the state of sleep in humans, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. We are totally unresponsive while asleep. b. We can perform very simple tasks while asleep. c. We cannot learn complex skills while asleep. d. We can respond to familiar sounds and words, such as our names, while asleep. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.1 KEY: Concept 27. Regarding sleep, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. A good sleep helps people to remember what they learned the day before. b. Some people can learn very complex tasks while asleep, such as learning a foreign language. c. You are more likely to awaken if you hear your own name spoken instead of another name. d. Humans will spend approximately 25 years of their life asleep. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.1 KEY: Concept 28. Which of the following could you learn to do in your sleep? a. math b. foreign language c. touch a switch on cue d. dream analysis 7 ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.1 KEY: Application 29. Regarding sleep, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Humans are unable to respond to environmental cues when asleep since sleep involves a complete loss of consciousness. b. Not all animals sleep. c. Dolphins are able to voluntarily breathe air and sleep without drowning by sleeping on just one side of the brain at a time. d. Sleep is an innate biological rhythm. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 30. Dolphins are able to sleep without drowning because they a. have gills, like fish do. b. have a special opening that allows air in but not water. c. sleep on just one side of their brain at a time. d. inflate their bodies before sleep, which maintains them floating upright so they can breathe without taking in any water. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.1 KEY: Fact 31. Sleep is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT for a. being an innate biological rhythm. b. being necessary for life in humans. c. giving way temporarily in times of great danger. d. being a total loss of consciousness. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.1 KEY: Concept 32. Any repeating cycle of biological activity, such as sleep and waking cycles or changes in body temperature, is known as a(n) a. ASC. b. biological rhythm. c. condensation. d. REM rebound. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.1 KEY: Fact 33. A rare disease that prevents sleep a. often causes the person to develop manic-depression. 8 b. usually occurs in two-week intervals. c. usually occurs in combination with Alzheimer’s disease. d. always ends with stupor, coma, and death. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Concept 34. Being prevented from getting desired or needed amounts of sleep is known as a. hypersomnia. b. insomnia. c. sleep deprivation. d. sleep apnea. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Fact 35. Regarding people who have experienced extreme sleep deprivation, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Randy Gardner at age 17 holds the official Guinness Book record for sleep deprivation. b. After Randy Gardner went 264 hours without sleep, he needed three days of sleep to get over this 11-day sleep loss. c. Sleep deprivation competitions are no longer recognized by the Guinness Book due to possible health risks. d. With few exceptions, most people after four or more days of sleep loss would show hypersomnia, slurred speech, and increased pain sensitivity. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 36. Most symptoms of sleep deprivation a. are reversed by a single night’s rest. b. require a long period of bed rest for recovery. c. are irreversible. d. can be prevented by consuming caffeine. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Concept 37. After prolonged sleep deprivation, a person getting his or her first night of sleep will a. have difficulty sleeping. b. feel compelled to replace lost sleep by sleeping late for several days. c. find that most symptoms are reversed by a single night’s sleep. d. still feel badly for at least five days until the effect of sleep loss wears off. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's 9 OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Concept 38. Sleep loss can cause all of the following EXCEPT for a. slurred speech and inability to name common objects. b. decreased pain sensitivity. c. inability to concentrate or remember clearly. d. trembling hands, irritability, and staring. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Concept 39. LaMonte had trouble concentrating in class today. His roommate noticed that LaMonte’s hands are trembling; his speech is slurred; and he is having trouble even naming common objects. LaMonte is most likely suffering from a. sleep loss. b. somnambulism. c. lucid dreaming. d. narcolepsy. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 40. After even a few hours of sleep loss, most people experience excessive daytime sleepiness known as a. hypersomnia. b. somnambulism. c. insomnia. d. sleep apnea. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Fact 41. Because 15-year-old Lisa stays up late texting her friends and then gets up early for school, she tends to be very sleepy in class, a condition common to teenagers known as a. insomnia. b. narcolepsy. c. hypersomnia. d. hypnopompic conditioning. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Application 42. Rapid physical changes during puberty have what effect on the adolescent’s need for sleep? a. increases the adolescent’s need for sleep b. slightly decreases the adolescent’s need for sleep c. significantly decreases the adolescent’s need for sleep d. has no effect on the adolescent’s need for sleep ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's 10 OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 43. Regarding teenagers and sleep, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Rapid physical changes during puberty decrease the adolescent’s need for sleep. b. The quality of sleep time tends to decrease during the teen years. c. Hypersomnia is a common problem in adolescents. d. The quantity of sleep time tends to decrease during the teen years. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Fact 44. During the teen years, the quality and quantity of sleep time tends to a. increase. b. decrease. c. become more stable. d. show no change from childhood. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 45. You are studying for a string of five finals in a row, and you haven’t slept in the last two days. You will probably a. have trouble paying attention and have drooping eyelids. b. have trouble doing interesting and complex mental tasks. c. have increased pain tolerance. d. exhibit all of these characteristics. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Application 46. If you suffered a couple of days of sleep deprivation, which of the following would most likely occur? a. hallucinations and delusions b. loss of ability to pay attention and perform simple routine tasks c. loss of ability to do interesting and complex mental tasks d. decreased pain sensitivity ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 KEY: Concept 47. Which of the following is NOT a common reaction to a sleep loss of two days? a. trouble doing interesting and complex mental tasks. b. trouble doing simple or boring routines c. increased pain sensitivity d. more susceptible to microsleeps ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 / 5.2.3 KEY: Fact 48. Regarding the function of sleep and the effects of sleep loss, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. If you lose just one hour of sleep a night, it can affect your mood, memory, ability to pay attention, and even your health. 11 b. Most people who have not slept for a day or two can still do interesting or complex mental tasks. c. Brief shifts in brain activity to the pattern normally recorded during sleep are called sleep apneas. d. Coffee can help sleepiness, but if one is struggling to stay awake while driving, it is best to stop and take a short nap. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.2 / 5.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 49. As he drives to work, Gerald experienced a momentary shift in brain wave activity to the pattern normally recorded during sleep. Gerald just experienced a. a REM rebound. b. hypnopompic sleep. c. a microsleep. d. waking sleep. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.3 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 50. Microsleep would most likely occur a. during Stage 3 sleep. b. just before one awakens in the morning. c. during sensory restriction treatment. d. due to sleep deprivation. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.3 KEY: Concept 51. Regarding sleep loss and microsleeps, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. If a task is monotonous, no amount of sleep loss is safe from the occurrence of microsleeps. b. A hundred thousand automobile crashes every year are caused by sleepiness. c. Even if your eyes are open, you can fall asleep for a few seconds. d. Lower animals, such as dogs, cats, and rats do not experience microsleep, only humans do. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.3 KEY: Fact 52. Many automobile accidents are thought to occur during momentary shifts in brain activity called a. REM sleep. b. non-REM sleep. c. microsleep. d. sleep spindles. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.3 KEY: Application 12 53. You are struggling to stay awake while driving and realize that you may have “dozed off” for a few seconds. This shift in your brain activity is called a. a sleep spindle. b. a microsleep. c. somnambulism. d. a sensory deprivation. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.3 KEY: Application 54. Lowering body and brain activity and metabolism during sleep may help conserve energy and lengthen life, according to which theories of sleep? a. activation -synthesis b. repair/restorative c. sensory gating d. neurocognitive ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 55. According to the repair/restorative theories, sleep does all of the following EXCEPT a. regulate the immune system. b. regulate body temperature. c. increase metabolism. d. aid in the development and repair of brain. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 56. Regarding the repair/restorative theories of sleep, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Sleep helps keep the body and brain healthy by regulating its temperature and immune system. b. Lowering body and brain activity and metabolism during sleep may help conserve energy and lengthen life. c. If you lose just one hour of sleep a night, it can affect your mood, memory, ability to pay attention, and even your health. d. Biologically, sleep is considered a luxury, not a necessity. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 57. The symptoms of a temporary sleep-deprivation psychosis include a. sudden, irresistible, daytime sleep attacks. b. hallucinations, delusions, and disorientation. 13 c. episodes of sleep walking and sleep talking. d. narcolepsy and/or cataplexy. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.5 KEY: Fact 58. With extended periods of sleep deprivation (more than 60 hours), one would expect a. irreversible psychological damage. b. to experience hallucinations, delusions, and disorientation. c. difficulty in getting to sleep. d. minor but lasting changes in mood and personality. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.5 KEY: Concept 59. Prolonged sleep loss can cause a major disruption of mental and emotional functioning characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and confusion called temporary a. sleep apnea. b. chronic insomnia. c. sleep deprivation psychosis. d. narcolepsy. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.5 KEY: Fact 60. Concerning temporary sleep deprivation psychosis, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Going without sleep for even 24 hours can lead to temporary sleep-deprivation psychosis. b. If you go without sleep for 32 hours, it usually only takes one good night of sleep (eight to 14 hours) to erase the effects. c. Hallucinations and delusions rarely appear before 60 hours of wakefulness. d. Temporary sleep-deprivation psychosis involves a temporary loss of contact with reality. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.5 KEY: Fact 61. Under pressure to meet a deadline, a truck driver has just gone three days without sleep. In the last twelve hours, he has begun to experience sensations of movement in stationary objects. He apparently has a. damaged the retinas of his eyes due to eye strain. b. undergone a change in muscle tension affection his kinesthetic sense. c. reached the first stages of temporary sleep-deprivation psychosis. d. upset the vestibular system through excessive exposure to road vibration. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.5 KEY: Application 62. One’s natural sleep need a. changes with one’s mood and physical activity. 14 b. is indicated when one can wake without an alarm clock and feel rested. c. is really nine hours for all adults. d. is really six hours for all adults. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.5 KEY: Concept 63. If you are sleeping fewer hours than your natural sleep need, then you a. are at risk for developing chronic sleep deprivation psychosis. b. have trained yourself to be a short sleeper. c. are building a sleep debt. d. most likely have chronic insomnia that needs to be treated. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.5 KEY: Concept 64. The ordering and duration of daily sleep and waking periods are known as a. meridian rhythms. b. sleep patterns. c. REM cycles. d. sleep stages. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Fact 65. The rhythms of sleep and waking a. coincide with cycles of the moon. b. are considerably shorter than 24 hours. c. are a little over 24 hours long. d. average around 36 hours. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Fact 66. Our sleep rhythms tend to follow an exact 24-hour day because a. the time of peak activity is invariant from person to person. b. they are tied to external time markers like light and dark. c. they have adapted to technological improvements made in the last century. d. everyone needs at least eight hours of sleep every night. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Concept 67. Which of the following is an external marker that helps us set up 24-hour sleep rhythms? a. hunger b. physical activity c. light and darkness d. lunar patterns ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Fact 15 68. If external time markers, such as clocks or light and darkness, are removed, the human sleep-wake cycle will a. become slightly shorter. b. become slightly longer. c. remain exactly the same. d. be unpredictable. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 69. When a person is shut off from the world, such that he or she cannot even tell what time it is by light or dark for several days, this person’s sleep-waking cycle will a. stay exactly as it was since this cycle is innate and cannot be modified. b. shorten to an average of about 20 hours. c. lengthen to almost 25 hours. d. become completely disrupted. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Application 70. Regarding sleep patterns, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Short sleepers average five hours or less of sleep per night, while long sleepers sleep nine hours or more. b. A few rare individuals can get by on an hour or two of sleep a night and feel perfectly fine. c. Infants spend up to 20 hours a day sleeping, usually in two- to four-hour cycles. d. Those over the age of 50 average about nine hours of sleep a night. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Fact 71. When you were in high school, you used to sleep 14 hours per night on the weekends. If you did this every night, you would be appropriately called a(n) a. lucid sleeper b. insomniac. c. short sleeper. d. long sleeper. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Application 72. A middle-aged man tells his physician that he has always slept nine to ten hours a night even when he was a young man, and he wonders if something is wrong with him. He should be a. urged to reduce his sleep time to six hours, which is normal for adults. b. urged to reduce his sleep time to eight hours, which is normal for adults. c. assured that this sleep pattern is within acceptable, normal limits. d. given medication to improve the quality of his sleep and thus reduce the amount of time he 16 spends in sleep. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Application 73. How many hours of sleep do the majority of adults get per night? a. five hours b. seven to eight hours c. ten hours d. twelve hours ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Fact 74. Compared to young adults, adults over 50 get a. more sleep. b. less sleep. c. about the same amount of sleep. d. a consistent average of eight hours of sleep per night rather than six or seven hours. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.7 KEY: Fact 75. How many hours of sleep do adults over the age of 50 average? a. four b. six c. eight d. ten ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Fact 76. Throughout the lifespan, total sleep time a. decreases as we get older. b. increases as we get older. c. decreases then increases after age 50 d. remains the same throughout life. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Fact 77. Infants sleep a. in six to eight-hour blocks of time. b. 12 hours a day. c. in two to four-hour blocks of time. d. in totally irregular patterns. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Fact 78. For a newborn infant, one could expect total sleep time each day to approach a. 24 hours. b. 20 hours. 17 c. 12 hours. d. eight hours. ANS: B OBJ: 5.2.6 PTS: 1 KEY: Fact DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's 79. Taking a midafternoon nap a. is indicative of a person with hypersomnia. b. are not really restful. c. can help people in occupations that require long periods of alertness. d. are only beneficial to the very young and the very old. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Concept 80. Midafternoon sleepiness a. is a natural part of the sleep cycle. b. should not occur after infancy. c. is only common among the elderly. d. indicates that the person is getting poor quality of sleep at night. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Concept 81. Most studies of sleep patterns show a. a consistent ratio of three to one between time awake and time asleep. b. that it is unhealthy for anyone to sleep less than six hours a day. c. that midafternoon sleepiness is a natural part of the wake-sleep cycle. d. that these sleep patterns are innate and unchangeable. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Fact 82. A person on a cycle of three hours of sleep to six hours awake a. is exhibiting the natural sleep pattern. b. has adapted to a longer-than-normal sleep pattern. c. will have difficulty getting to sleep when the cycle calls for it. d. would be characterized by all of these. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Concept 83. What is the natural sleep pattern ratio regarding time awake to time asleep? a. one to one b. two to one c. three to one d. undetermined ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Fact 18 84. Regarding sleep patterns, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. One study showed that 28-hour “days” work for some people. b. Astronauts continue to sleep on their normal earth schedule while in space. c. The natural sleep pattern has a ratio of two to one between time awake and time asleep. d. Adapting to shorter-than-normal days is more promising than adapting to longer-than- normal days. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Fact 85. Which of the following best describes the stability of sleep cycles? a. They are innate so they cannot be modified. b. They are innate but can be modified somewhat. c. They are entirely learned, but once set are difficult to modify. d. They are entirely learned and therefore easily modified. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Concept 86. Making the sleep-waking cycles shorter is not recommended because sleep a. cycles cannot be altered by external factors. b. is an innate biological rhythm. c. is set by a number of unchanging external markers. d. must match a three to one ratio of time awake and time asleep. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sleep-Catching a Few ZZZ's OBJ: 5.2.6 KEY: Concept 87. Which of the following is the most important in the physiological control of sleep? a. brain circuits and brain chemicals b. the somatic nervous system c. external markers for sleep and wakefulness d. sleep-promoting substances in the blood stream ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 88. Whether you are awake or asleep right now depends on a. the number of hours since one’s last intake of food. b. sleep-promoting substances in the blood stream. c. external markers for sleep and wakefulness. d. the balance between separate sleep and waking systems. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 19 89. Regarding sleep, which of the following statements is/are TRUE? a. Sleep is caused by the accumulation of chemicals in the blood. b. Whether one is awake or asleep depends on the balance between separate sleep and waking systems. c. The brain tends to “shut down” during sleep, with brain activity decreasing dramatically. d. All of these statements are true. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Concept 90. EEG records indicate that during sleep the brain a. increases its activity. b. changes its pattern of activity. c. shows only slow-wave activity. d. shuts down. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 91. Sleep activity is usually measured using a(n) a. EEG. b. MRI. c. PET scanner. d. fetoscope. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 92. In sleep labs, changes in tiny electrical signals generated by the brain are usually amplified and recorded with a. electroencephalography. b. magnetic resonance imaging. c. positron emission tomography. d. computed tomographic scanning. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 93. The pattern of EEG waves present when one is awake and alert is characterized by waves. a. alpha b. beta c. delta d. theta 20 ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 94. Beta waves are characteristic in the EEG of a person who is a. dreaming. b. asleep but not dreaming. c. awake and alert. d. in Stage 2 sleep. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 95. John’s EEG pattern as he reads his textbook indicates that he’s alert and awake. This means that his brain is generating waves. a. alpha b. beta c. theta d. delta ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Application 96. The drowsiness one feels immediately before sleep would be characterized by somewhat larger and slower waves than when one was awake and alert. These slower waves are called waves. a. alpha b. beta c. delta d. spindle ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 97. Casey finds Dr. Madison’s psychology lecture to be boring and uninteresting. Gradually, his muscles relax and drowsiness occurs. This drowsy but wakeful state is associated with which brain waves? a. alpha b. beta c. theta d. delta ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Application ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 21 98. Relaxation exercises recommended for stress management produce a very relaxed, though still awake state, characterized by waves. a. omega b. beta c. delta d. alpha ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Application 99. Levels of sleep identified by brain-wave patterns and behavioral changes are referred to as a. sleep stages. b. sleep rhythms. c. semi-conscious patterns. d. ASCs. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 100. Which waves are characteristic of Stage 1 or light sleep? a. beta waves b. large regular waves with some sleep spindles c. small irregular waves with some alpha waves d. delta waves ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 101. While you are watching TV, your mind begins to drift and you become increasingly drowsy. You know the television is on, but you cannot distinguish which program is on. Then, your friend says, “You’re asleep.” You quickly state, “No, I’m not,” but you really were. The sleep stage described would be a. REM sleep. b. Stage 1 of NREM sleep. c. Stage 2 of NREM sleep. d. Stage 3 of NREM sleep. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Application 102. As the muscles in your body relax during Stage 1 sleep, the reflex muscle contraction that may happen is called a. an autonomic cramp. b. a hypnic jerk. c. the restless leg syndrome. d. the hypnogogic image syndrome. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 22 REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 103. A hypnic jerk usually occurs during a. light sleep. b. deep sleep. c. episodes of hypersomnia. d. episodes of sleep apnea. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 104. You have gotten into bed, and your muscles begin to relax when you “jump” in this light sleep and awaken. You have most likely experienced a. cataplexy. b. a hypnogogic image episode. c. somnambulism. d. a hypnic jerk. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 105. Which of the following is a correct match? a. Stage 1 - delta waves b. Stage 2 - sleep spindles c. Stage 3 - beta waves d. Stage 4 - alpha waves ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 106. Short bursts of brain activity in Stage 2 sleep are called a. delta waves. b. recurrent beta waves. c. sleep spindles. d. cortical waves. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 107. Sleep spindles are short bursts of brain activity generated by the a. amygdala. b. thalamus. c. reticular formation. d. corpus callosum. 23 REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 108. Which of the following may prevent the sleeping brain from being aroused by external stimuli and also marks the true boundary of sleep? a. alpha waves b. beta waves c. sleep spindles d. a hypnic jerk ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 109. Most people will say they were asleep within four minutes after which of the following appear? a. alpha waves b. beta waves c. a hypnic jerk d. sleep spindles ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 110. Carla’s sleep is being monitored in a research lab. The assistant notices that Carla’s EEG shows a high presence of sleep spindles. It can be concluded that Carla is in a. REM. b. Stage 1 of NREM. c. Stage 2 of NREM. d. Stage 3 of NREM. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Application 111. Sleep spindles usually first appear in Stage sleep. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 112. Delta waves will first appear in a. NREM stage 1. b. NREM stage 2. 24 c. NREM stage 3. d. REM. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 113. During Stage 3 NREM, a. delta waves first begin to appear. b. sleep spindles occur. c. people tend to experience hypnic jerks. d. people tend to experience nightmares. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Concept 114. Stage 3 NREM and Stage 4 NREM a. show delta waves. b. are called paradoxical sleep. c. consist of mostly beta waves and a few sleep spindles. d. occur only during the last half of the night. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Concept 115. An hour after you go to sleep, a loud noise awakens you. You emerge from sleep confused and do not remember the noise. You were in which stage of sleep? a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4 ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Application 116. Most people reach deep sleep (Stage 4) in about a. 10 minutes. b. 25 minutes. c. 40 minutes. d. one hour. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 25 117. As a sleep researcher is monitoring you, he notices that your brain waves are showing almost all delta waves. He awakens you at this point, and you awaken in a complete state of confusion. You are most likely in which stage of sleep? a. Stage 4 of NREM b. REM sleep c. Stage 2 of NREM d. Stage 1 of NREM ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Application 118. Which of the following is a correct match? a. Stage 1 - sleep spindles b. Stage 2 - beta waves c. Stage 3 - hypnic jerk d. Stage 4 - delta waves ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 119. Regarding the stages of sleep, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Most wave types are present at all times, but they occur more or less frequently in various sleep stages. b. In Stage 3, a new brainwave called beta waves begins to appear. c. Most people reach deep sleep in about one hour. d. Fluctuations in sleep hormones cause recurring cycles of deeper and lighter sleep throughout the night. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Concept 120. Shifts between deeper and lighter sleep a. occur only during the last half of a night’s sleep.. b. occur just once per night unless the sleeper is suddenly awakened. c. occur throughout the night. d. are the first sign of sleep deprivation. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Sleep-The Nightly Roller-Coaster OBJ: 5.3.1 KEY: Fact 121. Concerning the nature of sleep, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. A sleeper upon reaching Stage 4 sleep will remain in this stage for the duration of the night. b. A sleeper’s EEG patterns in REM sleep are similar to Stage 1 EEG patterns. c. A person will shift between deeper and lighter sleep throughout the night.