(Test Bank) Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 2: Brain and Behavior

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1 Test Bank for Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 2: Brain and Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Two-time Super Bowl winner, Dave Duerson died of a self -inflicted gunshot wound to the stomach in February 2011. He shot himself in the stomach because he wanted to leave his brain to science. He blamed his post -football troubles, including memory loss, troubles spelling words, depression, and moodiness, on the repeated concussions he suffered while on the playing field. An autopsy of his brain did reveal the same signs of chronic traumatic brain injury that have been found in dozens of other retired NFL players, as well as in athletes from many other violent sports, such as hockey and boxing. The boxers’ name for this condition is a. knockout. b. punc h-drunk. c. counterpunch. d. the bum rush. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Punch -Drunk OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 2. Almost instantly, victims who have a stroke realize that something is wrong. However, some brain injuries are not so obvious, such as the chronic brain injury that has been found in dozens of retired NFL players, hockey players, and boxers. What is the name that boxers have for these less dramatic, but equally disabling, changes to their personality, thinking, judgment, and emotions due to brain injury? a. the knockout b. punch -drunk c. punch -counterpunch d. the bum rush ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Punch -Drunk OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 3. Up early to feed his cat, Bryan could not see his left hand, or anything else to his upper left side. He realized that he had most likely suffered a. aphasia. b. virilism. c. a right hemisphere stroke. d. a left hemisphere stroke. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Punch -Drunk OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Application 4. An artery carrying blood to Derrick’s brain has become blocked and caused some brain tissue to die. Derrick has suffered a. edema. b. an epileptic seizure. c. a stroke. 2 d. virilism. 3 ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Punch -Drunk OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 5. When an artery in a person’s brain becomes blocked or bursts open, we say that the person has experienced a. a stroke. b. neural induction. c. neural congestion. d. spatial neglect. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Punch -Drunk OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Concept 6. Which of the following does NOT describe the human brain? a. weighs about a pound and a half b. wrinkled like a walnut c. size of a grapefruit d. texture of tofu ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Punch -Drunk OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact 7. The brain consists of approximately 100 billion nerve cells called a. somas. b. nuclei. c. neurotransmitters. d. neurons. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Punch -Drunk | The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact 8. The two main divisions of the human nervous system are the peripheral nervous system and the nervous system. a. central b. autonomic c. sympathetic d. somatic ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 9. The central nervous system is composed of the a. brain and spinal cord. b. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. c. autonomic and somatic systems. d. brain and somatic system. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 4 KEY: Fact 10. In a car accident, a person sustained major trauma to his brain and the spinal cord region of his neck. Damage, in this case, was mainly to areas of which nervous system? a. autonomic b. somatic c. central d. sympathetic ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Application 11. The brain carries out most of the “computing” in the nervous system and communicates with the rest of the body through the large bundle of nerves called the a. parietal branch. b. spinal cord. c. occipital cord. d. temporal branch. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 12. Messages flow from the brain to the spinal cord and then to other parts of the body through the nervous system. a. central b. peripheral c. parietal d. temporal ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact 13. The peripheral system carries messages to and from which nervous system? a. central b. occipital c. parietal d. temporal ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact 14. Axons leaving the spinal cord 5 a. form the cranial nerves. b. carry sensory and motor messages. c. make a total of 22 pairs of nerves. d. are characterized by all of these. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 15. Nerves that leave the brain directly are called nerves. a. spinal b. cranial c. sympathetic d. peripheral ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact 16. How many pairs of spinal nerves do humans have? a. 31 b. 22 c. 12 d. six ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 17. How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have? a. 31 b. 22 c. 12 d. 6 ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 18. An individual nerve cell with one axon is known as a a. nerve. b. neuron. c. synaptic vesicle. d. neurotransmitter. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact 19. Which of the following CAN be seen without magnification? 6 a. a neuron b. a nerve c. both a nerve and a neuron d. neither a nerve nor a neuron ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact 20. Neurons are tiny cells that a. cannot be seen without a microscope. b. are made up of nerves. c. are scientifically classified as neurilemmas. d. are characterized by all of these. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Concept 21. Large bundles of axons visible to the unaided eye are a. neurons. b. neurilemma. c. nerves. d. neurotransmitters. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: Fact 22. The peripheral nervous system is composed of the a. brain and spinal cord. b. central and sympathetic systems. c. somatic and autonomic systems. d. spinal cord and 12 thoracic nerves. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Fact 23. Which nervous system controls the voluntary function of the limbs and the sense organs? a. sympathetic b. autonomic c. parasympathetic d. somatic ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 7 KEY: Fact 24. During a lecture when students receive information through their eyes from the notes on the screen and information through their ears as the instructor lectures, the information will first travel through neurons within which nervous system? a. sympathetic b. autonomic c. somatic d. parasympathetic ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Application 25. Aaron flexes his muscles as he shoots a basketball into the basket. His voluntary use of his muscles is controlled by which nervous system? a. sympathetic b. autonomic c. somatic d. parasympathetic ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Application 26. When you are playing a video game, your hand and eye movements are under the influence of the nervous system. a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic c. autonomic d. somatic ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Application 27. The voluntary command Steve uses to raise his hand in class would be controlled by the nervous system. a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic c. autonomic d. somatic ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Application 28. The somatic system carries messages to and from the a. internal organs and glands. 8 b. parasympathetic system. c. sense organs and skeletal muscles. d. sympathetic system. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 29. The somatic system governs a. muscle movements. b. involuntary activities. c. glandular secretions. d. heart rate and breathing. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 30. The autonomic system carries messages to and from the a. sense organs. b. internal organs and glands. c. skeletal muscles. d. somatic system. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 31. The autonomic system is a. self-governing. b. in control of the sense organs. c. responsible for muscle movement. d. mainly in control of voluntary actions. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 32. The involuntary physical changes that occur in the body, such as increases and decreases in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and glandular secretions are controlled by the a. occipital lobe. b. parietal lobe. c. somatic nervous system. d. autonomic nervous system. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Concept 33. Which of the following functions is NOT controlled by the autonomic nervous system? 9 a. utilization of the sense organs b. heart rate and respiration c. secretion of hormones d. digestion ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Concept 34. Immediate emotional responses to a traumatic event are most directly under the control of the a. somatic nervous system. b. central nervous system. c. autonomic nervous system. d. cerebral cortex. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Concept 35. When you see an attractive person sit down next to you on the bus, the mad pounding of your heart is under the influence of which nervous system? a. central b. diathesis c. autonomic d. somatic ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Application 36. Regarding the workings of your nervous systems, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system work together to coordinate the body’s internal reactions to events in the outside world. b. The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are always active. c. The somatic nervous system is made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. d. The combined action of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches determines if your body is more or less relaxed or aroused. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 37. The autonomic nervous system contains two branches called the a. sympathetic and parasympathetic. b. somatic and spinal. c. spinal nerves and cranial. d. parasympathetic and spinal. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 10 REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Fact 38. The part of the nervous system that is known as the “fight or flight” system because it arouses the body to meet emergencies and respond to emotional events is the branch. a. pineal b. endocrine c. sympathetic d. parasympathetic ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Fact 39. The part of the nervous system that quiets the body after arousal and helps maintain vital functions (like breathing) at moderate levels is the branch. a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic c. central d. peripheral ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Fact 40. When the sympathetic branch is activated, a. the pupils of one’s eyes constrict. b. one’s digestion is stimulated. c. there is a release of sugar from the liver. d. one’s blood vessels constrict. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Concept 41. When the parasympathetic branch is controlling one’s body, a. the pupils of one’s eyes dilate. b. one’s digestion is inhibited. c. one’s bladder relaxes. d. tears and salivation are stimulated. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Concept 42. You are in the forest and see a large, snarling, drooling grizzly bear running directly toward you. The adrenaline rush you feel is controlled by the a. sympathetic nervous system. b. parasympathetic nervous system. c. central nervous system. d. neurotransmitter dopamine. 11 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Application 43. After successfully running from the large, s narling, drooling grizzly bear that was running directly toward you, you pause to catch your breath and collect your wits. The physical symptoms you now experience are controlled by the a. sympathetic nervous system. b. parasympathetic nervous system. c. central nervous system. d. neurotransmitter acetylcholine. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Application 44. After rushing to catch the bus, when you find a seat and begin to relax, the return to your normal heart rate is under the influence of the a. central nervous system. b. parasympathetic branch. c. sympathetic branch. d. somatic nervous system. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Application 45. Your instructor announces a “pop” test. You have not read the chapter yet. Your heart and breathing rate increases, and your mouth becomes dry. Which nervous system was responsible for this reaction? a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic c. somatic d. central ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Application 46. Your instructor has just decided not to give the pop test that was announced at the beginning of class. The class breathes a collective “sigh of relief.” This relief is best explained by which nervous system? a. somatic b. central c. parasympathetic d. sympathetic ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Application 12 47. You are watching a horror movie. The music changes to the familiar tune you recognize as a prelude to danger. You tense up, your heart rate increases, your breathing becomes shallow, your mouth is dry. Which nervous system has been activated? a. somatic b. central c. parasympathetic d. sympathetic ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Diffi cult REF: The Nervous System -Wired for Action OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: Application 48. The individual nerve cells specialized to carry and process information are called a. neurotransmitters. b. synapses. c. ions. d. neurons. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 49. The billions of neurons in the brain are accompanied by an almost equal number of other cells whose function is to support the neurons in a variety of ways. These cells are called a. effector cells. b. glial cells. c. vesicles. d. myelins. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 50. Glial cells are the a. chemicals released by a neuron that alter activity in other neurons. b. electrically charged molecules found inside each neuron. c. cells that support neurons in a variety of ways. d. make up the thin layer of cells that form a “tunnel” that damaged neuron fibers can follow as they repair themselves. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 51. Which of the following carry information from the senses to the brain, activate muscles and glands, and form vast networks that produce intelligence and consciousness? a. neurons b. glial cells c. synapses d. nuclei ions ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 13 REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 52. Regarding neurons, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Neurons carry information from the senses to the brain and also activate muscles and glands. b. When neurons form vast networks, they produce intelligence and consciousness. c. The axons are the tree-root like parts of neurons that are specially designed to receive the messages from other neurons. d. No two neurons are exactly alike, but most have four basic parts. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 53. A neuron is made up of dendrites, a soma, and a(n) a. axon. b. synapse. c. diaton. d. peptide. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 54. Within a neuron, information typically flows in which directional order? a. soma, dendrites, axon b. dendrites, soma, axon c. dendrites, myelin, axon terminal d. axon terminal, neurilemma, dendrites ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 55. The part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the a. axon. b. nucleus. c. dendrites. d. telodendria. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 56. Once information is received at the dendrites, it next flows into the a. soma. b. axon. c. myelin sheath. d. glial cell. 14 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 57. The cell body of a neuron is also called the a. dendrite. b. axon. c. myelin. d. soma. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 58. The soma is the part of the nerve cell that a. transmits information to the next neuron. b. collects and combines incoming information. c. carries nerve impulses over large distances. d. forms branching connections at the end of each axon. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 59. The part of the neuron which collects and combines information is called the a. axon. b. axon terminal. c. ion channels. d. soma. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 60. The part of the nerve cell that carries information away from the cell body to other neurons is the a. axon. b. dendrite. c. soma. d. synapse. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 61. Most of the spinal cord as well as the nerves of the peripheral nervous system are comprised of large bundles of REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 15 a. axons. b. dendrites. c. somas. d. neuropeptides. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 62. The part of the neuron that sends information to other neurons “branches out” into smaller fibers, which end in bulb-shaped parts known as a. myelin sheaths. b. ion channels. c. dendrite arcs. d. axon terminals. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 63. Which bulb-shaped structures found at the end of neurons form connections with the dendrites and somas of other neurons and allow information to pass from neuron to neuron? a. myelin sheaths. b. ion channels. c. dendrite arcs. d. axon terminals. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 64. Regarding axons, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Some axons are only 0.1 millimeter long. b. Some axons stretch up to a meter in length throughout the nervous system. c. Axons “branch out” into slightly larger fibers, which end in several bulb-shaped somas. d. The human brain contains about three million miles of axons. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 65. Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron? a. axon b. axon terminal c. synapse d. soma ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: Fact 16 66. The electrically charged molecules that are involved in a nerve impulse are called a. axons. b. dendrites. c. ampules. d. ions. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 67. Regarding ions, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Ions are found only on the outside of the neuron until it is activated. b. Ions have a neutral charge, neither positive nor negative until they are activated. c. When a neuron is inactive (or resting), more “plus” charges exist outside the neuron and more “minus” charges exist inside. d. Ions can be found only inside the neuron, which creates in your brain an electronic charge of about -10 millivolts. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 68. The charge that exists across the nerve cell membrane is a result of differing a. amounts of DNA and RNA. b. types of neurotransmitters on either side of the nerve cell membrane. c. types of neurons inside and outside the nerve cell membrane. d. concentrations of ions on either side of the nerve cell membrane. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 69. When a neuron is inactive, more of which of the following exist OUTSIDE the neuron? a. positive ions b. negative ions c. myelin sheaths d. neuropeptides ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 70. When a neuron is inactive, more of which of the following exist INSIDE the neuron? a. negative ions b. positive ions c. neuropeptides d. myelin sheaths 17 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 71. The fact that the inside of human neurons measures about -70 millivolts compared to the outside of the cell allows each neuron to act like a tiny a. thermostat. b. chemical reactor. c. battery. d. shock absorber. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Concept 72. The inside of each resting neuron in your brain has an electrical charge of how many millivolts at the axon? a. - 5 to -10 millivolts b. -20 to -40 millivolts c. -60 to -70 millivolts d. -90 to -110 millivolts ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 73. In the nervous system, the electrical charge of an inactive neuron is called its a. depolarized state. b. resting potential. c. action potential. d. ionic state. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 74. A resting potential occurs when a neuron a. reaches -50 millivolts. b. is inactive. c. reaches its threshold. d. reaches its trigger point for firing. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 75. A neuron’s resting potential is raised and lowered a. by messages arriving from other neurons. 18 b. by the occurrence of neurogenesis. c. through a process known as neuroplasticity. d. when lateralization occurs. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 76. If the electrical charge of the neuron changes to about a minus 50 millivolts, the neuron will reach its a. synaptic potential. b. negative after-potential. c. threshold for firing. d. fusion level for firing. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 77. A neuron’s threshold is a. another name for its synaptic potential. b. another name for its negative after-potential c. when a neuron is inactive. d. its trigger point for firing. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 78. The threshold for firing has been reached when the electrical charge of what level of millivolts occurs within a nerve cell? a. - 10 b. - 50 c. + 100 d. + 10 ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 79. The fastest neurons can send impulses at about miles per hour. a. 200 b. 425 c. 150 d. 45 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 19 80. When a nerve impulse travels along an axon at about 200 miles per hour, then you know that a. polarization has begun. b. an action potential is occurring. c. a negative after-potential has been completed. d. a synaptic potential is impossible. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Concept 81. The conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called a(n) a. ion potential. b. action potential. c. resting discharge. d. synapse. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 82. When the threshold for firing within a neuron occurs, we say that which of the following is taking place? a. volume gradient b. myelination c. action potential d. resting discharge ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 83. The channels that transport sodium and potassium within the axon are called channels. a. DNA and RNA b. membrane c. nucleic d. ion ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 84. During an action potential, the “gates” covering the axon’s ion channels pop open to allow which ions to rush into the axon? a. sodium b. potassium c. chlorine d. iodine ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 20 KEY: Fact 85. During an action potential, which of the following occurs? a. Sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron into the synaptic cleft. b. The molecular gates open to allow sodium ions into the neuron. c. The electrical stimulation of the neuron must dip below -70 millivolts and remain so during the action potential. d. Neurotransmitters enter the axon through gaps in the myelin sheath. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Concept 86. When the “gates” to the ion channels open, they allow sodium ions to rush into the axon at which location FIRST? a. within the receptor sites of the dendrites b. near the axon terminals c. near the soma d. within the synaptic cleft ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 87. The “all or nothing event” refers to the fact that a. nerve cells are continually in an action potential. b. action potentials occur completely or not at all. c. synaptic transmissions occur completely or not at all. d. all the neurons in the brain fire or none of them fire. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 88. Which of the following statements best describes an action potential? a. The action potential is strongest when neurilemma is present. b. The action potential starts near the synapse. c. The action potential occurs when neurotransmitters enter the axon. d. The action potential is an all-or-nothing event. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 89. Electrically charged particles of which two elements are crucial in the transmission of the nerve impulse? a. iron and sodium b. iron and potassium REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 21 c. sodium and nickel d. sodium and potassium ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 90. After a nerve impulse occurs, the neuron is temporarily less likely to fire because a. the cell is still above its resting level. b. potassium ions flow out of the neuron while the ion channels are open. c. acetylcholine acts as an inhibitor. d. a positive after-potential has occurred. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Concept 91. Negative after-potential refers to a. a nerve cell’s electrical charge reaching its threshold. b. a nerve cell reaching a negative trigger point. c. a nerve cell briefly dropping below its resting level. d. the axon's readiness for another wave of activity. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 92. A neuron is less willing to fire when it is in a(n) a. action potential. b. resting potential. c. negative after-potential. d. depolarized state. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 93. During a negative after-potential, there is an outward flow of which of the following from the axon? a. neuropeptides b. potassium ions c. neurotransmitters d. sodium ions ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 94. The whitish, fatty substance that surrounds some axons and aids conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called a. myelin. 22 b. neurilemma. c. synaptic vesicles. d. neurotransmitters. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 95. Myelin covers which part(s) of the neuron? a. soma b. dendrite c. axon d. all of these parts ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 96. The purpose of the myelin that surrounds the axon is to a. keep nerve cells continually active. b. help electrical currents cross the synapse completely. c. repair neurons within the peripheral nervous system. d. speed the transmission of an impulse down the axon. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 97. Small gaps in the myelin result in nerve impulses jumping from gap to gap which causes these nerve impulses to move a. faster. b. slower. c. at a normal speed. d. at a declining rate of speed. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 98. The small gaps in the myelin act to a. decrease the speed of transmission of nerve impulses. b. increase the speed of transmission of nerve impulses. c. decrease or increase the transmission of nerve impulses, depending on the state of the firing neurons. d. stimulate the repair of damaged nerve cells. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Concept 23 KEY: Fact 99. The process by which nerve impulses are conducted down an axon by jumping from gap to gap in the myelin layer is known as a. neuroplasticity. b. synaptic transmission. c. saltatory conduction. d. positive after-potential. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 100. Saltatory conduction refers to a. a drop in electrical charge below the resting potential. b. the capacity of our brains to change in response to experience. c. the simplest behavior, in which a stimulus provokes an automatic response. d. a nerve impulse jumping from gap to gap in the myelin layer. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 101. The word “saltatory” comes from the Latin word saltare , which means to a. slow or stop. b. repeat or return. c. jump or leap. d. salute or talk ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 102. When a car suddenly brakes in front of you, a. neurilemma repair the myelin layer so that you can stop. b. myelin slows your response time. c. small gaps in the myelin speed reaction time. d. nerve impulses move faster through the tunnel formed by the myelin. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Application 103. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys a. the nucleus of nerve cells. b. neurilemma. c. the receptor sites. d. myelin. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 24 REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 104. Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the myelin in a person’s body, causing the person to experience numbness, weakness, or paralysis? a. rheumatoid arthritis b. multiple sclerosis c. Huntington’s disease d. muscular dysthrophy ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Fact 105. Miriam has been suffering from numbness, weakness, and partial paralysis. Miriam’s doctor told her that her immune system has attacked and destroyed the myelin in her body, causing her to have a. rheumatoid arthritis. b. multiple sclerosis. c. Huntington’s disease. d. muscular dysthrophy. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: Application 106. The action potential is an all or nothing event that a. takes place within the synapse. b. takes place at the dendrite receptor sites. c. is primarily an electrical process. d. is primarily a chemical proce ss. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 / 2.2.3 KEY: Fact 107. The passage of information within a single neuron would be described as a. chemical. b. electrical. c. synaptic. d. retroactive. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.2 / 2.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 108. The communication between neurons would be described as a. chemical. 25 b. electrical. c. proactive. d. retroactive. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 109. Communication between neurons would be considered a chemical change involving a. sodium ions. b. neurilemmas. c. neurotransmitters. d. potassium ions. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 110. Neurons “talk” to each other chemically when which of the following are released? a. neurilemmas b. neurotransmitters c. somas d. ion channels ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.3 KEY: Fact 111. The tiny gaps separating neurons from one another and across which information must be transmitted are known as a. synapses. b. synaptic vesicles. c. receptor sites. d. ion channels. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.3 KEY: Fact 112. Neurotransmitters are released at the a. axon hillock. b. myelin sheath. c. axon terminals. d. teleodendria. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Neurons -Building a "Biocomputer" OBJ: 2.2.3 KEY: Fact