(Test Bank) Archetypes of Wisdom An Introduction to Philosophy

Soccio, 9

Religion, Philosophy & Belief

Test Bank

9th Edition

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Test Bank for Archetypes of Wisdom An Introduction to Philosophy, The downloadable file consists of 171 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.77 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Soccio

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Test Bank: Correct Answer is marked with * Chapter 1 1. Confucius wrote, "He who thinks but does not learn is in danger." *a. True b. False 2. Buddha claimed that the elimination of analytic thinking was the way to truth. *a. True b. False 3. "Tao" means "thought." a. True *b. False 4. "Yin" is positive. a. True *b. False 5. "Dao" can be precisely defined. a. True *b. False 6. According to Confucius, only the stupid do not change. a. True *b. False 7. Lao-tzu was known only by his nickname. *a. True b. False 8. Traditional Chinese history holds that the Period of the Warring States began in 453 B.C.E. *a. True b. False 9. Lao-tzu asks us to put aside our intuitions. a. True *b. False 10. The Tao te Ching has the most number of English translations available of any book. a. True *b. False 11. Lao-tzu writes of "the Undivided." *a. True b. False 12. The true sage, according to Lao -tzu, holds that nothing is permanent. *a. True b. False 13. We should prefer Yin to Yang *a. True b. False 14. Lao-tzu preached a doctrine without words. *a. True b. False 15. Heraclitus said that all things are static. a. True *b. False 16. Heraclitus was a Chinese sage. a. True *b. False 17. "Wu wei" means "to act." a. True *b. False 18. Lao-tzu advocated doing nothing to accomplish great deeds. *a. True b. False 19. Epictetus was a Stoic. *a. True b. False 20. Confucius held high political office. a. True *b. False 21. Confucius held that hypocrites were rice -bags. *a. True b. False 22. The ancient sages were humanists. *a. True b. False 23. Confucius held that the people should be regulated by punishment. a. True *b. False 24. The Analects is an imp ortant Indian text. a. True *b. False 25. Confuciu s saw himself as a creator of something new. a. True *b. False 26. Lao-tzu held that the more laws there are, the more criminals there are. *a. True b. False 27. According to Confucius, we should avoid seeking equilibrium on the individual leve l. a. True *b. False 28. Confucius characterized the Tao as a moral Mean. *a. True b. False 29. "Te" means virtue. *a. True b. False 30. For Confucius, virtue is potent. *a. True b. False 31. Tao is also known as a. Tan b. Top c. Dan *d. Dao 32. According to legend, how old was Lao -tzu when he resigned his position? a. 120 b. 90 *c. 160 d. 100 33. According to tradition, how long did the Period of the Warring Stat es last? a. 100 years b. 30 years *c. 550 years d. 300 years 34. The traditional rules of conduct in war are termed the a. lo *b. li c. dao d. do 35. The Tao refers to a. moral truth b. a system *c. a way of life d. a path of righteous ness 36. According to Chuang -tzu, what are all thing s longing for? *a. Peace b. Prosperity c. Life d. Love 37. What must we pass over in silence, according to Wittgenstein? a. Love b. Death *c. What we cannot speak of d. What we most despis e 38. According to some, the Way is constantly a. changing b. sought c. unknown *d. nameless 39. For Confucius, hypocrites were thieves of a. silence b. ease c. work *d. virtue 40. "Chun -tzu" literally means *a. The lord’s son b. The son of God c. Weakness d. Virtue 41. A "hsiao -jen" is a *a. vulgar man b. great man c. virtuous man d. well-mannered man 42. "Shu" is *a. Altruism b. Selfishness c. Courage d. Dishonesty 43. What is love of learning akin to, according to Confucius? a. Love of self *b. Wisdom c. Altrui sm d. Sobriety 44. The original meaning of "the Buddha" is *a. The Enlightened One b. The Old One c. The Peaceful One d. The Fat One 45. Siddhartha Gautama was born in a. India *b. Nepal c. Iran d. Sierre Leone 46. Who opened Siddhartha ’s eyes? a. Seneca *b. Channa c. Aristotle d. Confucius 47. A person who turns away from pleasure to find peace of mind is a. a martyr b. confused *c. an ascetic d. a mediator 48. The t ree under which Buddha sat is known as the a. Bondi T ree b. Tree of Knowledge *c. Bodhi Tree d. Tree of Life 49. Nirvana is the annihilation of a. the Other b. the id *c. the ego d. Society 50. Who was Buddha’s closest disciple? a. A blac ksmith b. Channa *c. Ananda d. Seneca 51. How man y "baskets" of Buddhist teachings are there? *a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 9 52. Which set of Buddhist teachings is for monks? a. Sutta Pitaka b. Vinya Hesh *c. Vinaya Pitaka d. Abhidhamma Pitaka 53. What is the law of moral causation called, for a Bu ddhist? a. Dogma b. Li c. Vinya *d. Karma 54. How many Noble Truths are there? a. 3 *b. 4 c. 6 d. 9 55. Why do we suffer, according to Buddha? a. Because we Are *b. Because we are pa rtial to ourselves c. Because we are partial to others d. Because we are sinful beings 56. What is meant by the Buddhist claim that "to exist is to suffer"? Do you believe that this is necessarily true? Why, or why not? Correct Answer: To be answere d by the student. 57. Do you believe that there are important elements of human experience that cannot be articulated in words? If so, do you think that such a failure would undermine any attempt to understand them? If not, why do you think that so many philosophers have believed that this is the case? Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. 58. Do you think that it is possible to lead a fulfilling human life while being completely selfish? Explain your view, and show how it connects to the t hought of Confucius. Correct Answer: To be answered b y the student. 59. Do you believe that people can only flourish in society? Why do you believe as you do? How do your views connect to the Chinese concept of li? Correct Answer: To be answered by t he student. 60. Do you believe that material comfort and wisdom are necessarily opposed to each other? Explain your answer, and illustrate it by referring to the views of both Confucius and the Buddha. Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. 61. In what ways can naming something be important? Ca n naming something alter how we think about it? Or does the name that we give to something only communicate what we already think of it? Explain your answer, giving both concrete examples to illustrate your points and linking your answer to the thought of Lao-tzu. Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. 62. Do you think that Lao -tzu was correct when he said that the more laws that we have the more criminals we will have? What do you think he meant here? How does this connect to his views of the Way? Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. 63. Which should we prefer, Yin or Yang, and why? Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. Chapter 2 1. The term "sophos" is from the Greek word for "wise." *a. True b. False 2. Pierre Hadot is a Greek philosopher. a. True *b. False 3. The first philosophers used reason and observation. *a. True b. False 4. The sophos asked questions other people thought had been answered. *a. True b. False 5. Anaxagoras held that all things which have life were ruled by mind. *a. True b. False 6. Diotima was Socrates' wife. a. True *b. False 7. Socrates was a sophos. *a. True b. False 8. Socrates said that wisdom was a human state. a. True *b. False 9. A philosopher is a person in love with wisdom. *a. True b. False 10. Heraclitus wrote that understanding is distinct from other knowledge. *a. True b. False 11. Aesara of Lucania overlooked the importance of emotions. a. True *b. False 12. The first philosophers were concerned about the nature of nature. *a. True b. False 13. According to Anacharsis, in Greece wise men speak and foo ls decide. *a. True b. False 14. Heraclitus held that nature loves to hide. *a. True b. False 15. Socrates was the first Western philosopher. a. True *b. False 16. Plato records that Thales fell into a well. *a. True b. False 17. Thales he ld that fire was the underlying substance of the universe. a. True *b. False 18. Monism is the view that everything consists of one substance. *a. True b. False 19. Thales was the pupil of Anaximander. a. True *b. False 20. The princip le of sufficient reason is associated with Leibniz. *a. True b. False 21. Pneuma is fire. a. True *b. False 22. Anaximenes held that qualitative differences cannot produce quantitative changes. a. True *b. False 23. Thales i ntroduced the notion of yin and yang. a. True *b. False 24. The Stoics hated Heraclitus. a. True *b. False 25. The Cynics hated Heraclitus. a. True *b. False 26. Heraclitus was a social critic. *a. True b. False 27. Pythagoras w rote extens ively. a. True *b. False 28. According to Pythagoras, religion was nonsense. a. True *b. False 29. Plato frequently ascribes ideas to Pythagoras. a. True *b. False 30. The Greek word for "ordered whole" was "ontic." a. True *b. Fals e 31. Anaximander held that the earth was originally *a. fluid b. fire c. dust d. sky 32. How many fragments of Anaximander's work survive? *a. 1 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7 33. Anaximenes held that the universal element is a. water b. fire c. dust *d. air 34. What meaning is not associated with the term "logos"? a. speech b. reason c. discourse *d. universe 35. Logos can be seen as the Western expression of a. yin b. yang c. dharma *d. tao 36. What di d Heraclitus think was unchanging? a. fire b. order *c. change d. goodness 37. Ontology is the study of a. becoming *b. being c. change d. strife 38. Who held that change in the form of motion was impossible? a. Herac litus b. Plato *c. Zeno d. Zenaphon 39. The belief that there are many substances is *a. pluralism b. monism c. dichotomization d. plenum 40. Parmenides associated not -being with a. truth *b. illusion c. wisdom d. deceit 41. Who hel d that reality was completely full? a. Plato b. Parmenides *c. Empedocles d. Anaximander 42. According to Empedocles, how many basis components does reality consist of? a. 2 b. 4 *c. 6 d. 8 43. Who held that he had been a dumb sea fish? *a. Empedocles b. Anaximander c. Socrates d. Epicurus 44. What are the two basic notions for Empedocles? a. Fire and water b. Fire and strife *c. Strike and love d. Love and water 45. Nous is the Greek word for *a. mind b. spirit c. love d. rope 46. Who was not an atomist? a. Lucretius b. Epicurus c. Democritus *d. Thales 47. The Greek word atomos means a. divided *b. indivisible c. small d. fire 48. What is Democritus's term for "no -thing"? *a. void b. nous c. apeiron d. atomos 49. What did Democritus think was present in the universe? a. intentional order b. purpose c. design *d. predictability 50. Who said you cannot step twice into the same river? a. Thales b. Parmenides *c. Heraclitus d. Anaximander 51. Who used fire imagery to solve the problem of the one and the many? a. Thales *b. Heraclitus c. Zeno d. Anaximander 52. Where was Thales from? a. Corinth b. Athens c. Stagira *d. Miletus 53. Where was Heraclitus born? a. Corinth b. Athens c. Lydia *d. Ephesus 54. What did Pythagoreans think was the first principle of all things? a. Reason *b. Number c. Fire d. Strife 55. How many wisdo ms were the re, according to Heraclitus? *a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 56. How does Heraclitus' account of change differ from ours? Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. 57. Why did Zeno believe that the idea of motion was absurd? Do you agree with him, or not? Why do you believe as you do? Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. 58. What is the relationship between between Parmenides' view of change and that of Zeno? Do you agree with Parmenides' view of change, or not? Explain your r easoning. Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. 59. Why did Anaxagoras believe that "in everything there is a portion of everything"? How is this view related to atomism? Do you agree with it? Correct Answer: To be answered by the studen t. 60. What is the problem of the "one and the many"? Which do you believe is the best ancient approach to this problem, and why? Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. 61. What is atomism? Do you agree with this view, or not? Explain yo ur reasoning. Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. 62. Is philosophy good for anything? If so, what? If not, why not? Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. 63. What is the difference between cosmology and ontolog y? How are these two fields related? Correct Answer: To be answered by the student. Chapter 3 1. Plato held that the "poisoned loans" of moneymakers were one of the causes of increasing numbers of beggars. *a. True b. False 2. The Ethiopians say that their gods are blue -eyed with red hair. a. True *b. False 3. "Ethnocentrism" is from Gr eek roots meaning "the race at the center." *a. True b. False 4. Athens was a democratic state. *a. True b. False 5. The Greek word for wise led to the term "sophos." *a. True b. False 6. The "bar -bar" noise made in certain non -Greek dial ects led Greeks to call those who made it "sheep." a. True *b. False 7. In ancient Athens citizenship was open to all. a. True *b. False 8. In the fifth century B.C.E. in Athens teachers of rhetoric were paid. *a. True b. False 9. The ethnocentric person believes that he or she does not have an accent. *a. True b. False 10. Rhetoric is persuasive speaking. *a. True b. False 11. The Sophists taught that power was the ultimate value. *a. True b. False 12. The sophists taug ht that truth is a matter of appearance. *a. True b. False 13. The Sophists rejected re lativism. a. True *b. False 14. If its starting point is flawed, the most tightly reasoned argument will be flawed. *a. True b. False 15. The original Sophists were wandering teachers. *a. True b. False 16. The original Sophists refused payment for their teaching. a. True *b. False 17. The Sophists only knew of their own culture. a. True *b. False 18. We get the word "sophisticated" f rom the period of the Sophists. *a. True b. False 19. The Sophists threatened the elit e of Athens. *a. True b. False 20. The sophos had followers and disciples. *a. True b. False 21. The Sophists believed that power was subservient to t he truth. a. True *b. False 22. Socrates believed that it was always dishonorable to a ccept payment for teaching. a. True *b. False 23. Plato held that Socrates was a paid hunter after the young and the wealthy. a. True *b. False 24. Relativism is a type of subjectivism. a. True *b. False 25. There are two basic variants of relativism. *a. True b. False 26. A cultural relativist holds that values reflect a divine order. a. True *b. False 27. Protagoras never lived in Athens. a. True *b. False 28. Plato named a dialogue after Protagoras. *a. True b. False 29. Hospers is an ethical relativist. a. True *b. False 30. The term "pragmatism" is from the Greek for "politics." a. True *b. False 31. The view that all morality reduces to self -interest is a. utilitarianism b. deontology *c. egoism d. relativism 32. Gyges was from a. Corinth b. Rome c. Athens *d. Lydia 33. Who was the first great Western philosopher? a. Gyges b. Aristotl e c. Epicurus *d. Socrates 34. Who was perhaps the greatest Sophist? a. Aristotle b. Gyges c. Democritus *d. Protagoras 35. "Pragmatism" is from the Greek word for a. Politics *b. Deed c. Truth d. Virtue 36. The view that "might makes right" is an expression of a. Moral relativism b. Subjectivism *c. Moral realism d. Egoi sm 37. The U.S. Constitution places emphasis on a. Pleasure *b. Property c. Propriety d. Practicality 38. Which ancient Greek philosopher held that by n ature the strong dominate the weak? a. Socrates b. Cicero *c. Callicles d. Epicurus 39. According to William G. McAdoo, who is it impossible to defeat in argument? a. A sophist b. An intelligent man c. A philosopher *d. An ignorant man 40. Immigrants were attracted to ancient Athens because of its reputation *a. as a trading center. b. for chauvinism. c. for being welcoming to women. d. as a tolerant city. 41. All arguments consist of *a. a logical structure and the truth (o r falsity) of their premises. b. a logical structure and sound premises. c. sound premises and valid reasoning. d. a logical structure and valid reasoning. 42. The Sophists made Athenian education *a. more democratic. b. less democratic. c. more aristocratic. d. less intellectual. 43. The Sophists can be thought of as the first *a. social scientists b. objectivists c. academics d. teachers 44. What, according to the Sophists, does everyone seek? *a. power b. wealth c. wisdom d. trade 45. Egoism is often associated with *a. moral skepticism b. moral realism c. pluralism d. the Sophists 46. Who said that the Sophist makes money from unreal wisdom? *a. Aristotle b. Socrates c. Protagoras d. Callicles 47. How did Socrates view his interactions with Sophists? a. as contests b. as warfare *c. as discussions d. as procrastination 48. What did Socrates term persons who sold their wisdom for money? a. Furies of Hades b. Harbin gers of doom c. Corrupters of the youth *d. Prostitutes of wisdom 49. What is the name for the view that we can only know our own sensations? a. Sensationalism *b. Subjectivism c. Egoism d. Sophistry 50. Where was Protagoras from? *a. Abdera b. Athens c. Cartharge d. Lydia 51. What is man the measure of, according to Protagoras? *a. All things b. Nothing c. Himself alone d. Morality only