(Test Bank) Statistics in Context

Blatchley, 1

Math & Statistics

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Author(s): Blatchley

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Test Bank for Statistics in Conte xt, 1e Blatchley (All Chapters)Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Chapter 1: What are statistics? Test Bank Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 1 1. True or False: Chance errors occur because of experimenter error Feedback: Page reference: p 16 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 2 2. Ture or False: Chance errors are generally out of the experimenter’s control Feedback: Page reference: p 16 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 3 3. True or False: It is generally very difficult for statistics to be used to manipulate the audience Feedback: Page reference: p21, 22 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 4 4. True or False: Statistics is useful when it is applied to strengthen an argument. Feedback: Page reference: p21, 22 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 5 5. True or False: Inferential statistics are used to make predictions about a population based on a sample. Feedback: Page reference: p6, 7, 9 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 6 6. True or False: Parameters are characteristics of the population that are used to estimate sample statistics. Feedback: Page reference: p8 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 7 7. True or False: A non -representative sample generally means your sample statistics do not accurate predict and generalize to the actual population parameter Feedback: Page reference: p8 *a) True b) False Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 8 8. True or False: The origins of word statistics were “predict numbers” Feedback: Page reference: p3 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 9 9. True or False: The purpose of descriptive statistics characterize data and summarize the data into smaller pieces of information Feedback: Page reference: E, p5 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 10 10. True or False: A sample is drawn out of the population Feedback: Page reference: p7 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 11 11. True or False: If a researcher’s target population is 7th grade students, they can still draw their sample out of 8th grade to make generalizations about the population Feedback: Page reference: p7 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 12 12. True or False: Experimentation is generally done with samples instead of populations. This is because the sample data can be used to make predictions and estimates about the population Feedback: Page reference: p9 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 13 13. True or False: Researchers manipulate the extraneous variable in order to see if it effects the dependent variable Feedback: Page reference: E, p11 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 14 14. True or False: Context generally does not impact the use of statistics; the use of statistics does not depend on the goal of the author Feedback: Page reference: p22 a) True *b) False Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 15 15. True or False: A single measurement or observation within a dataset is called data Feedback: Page reference: p3 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 16 16. True or False: In statistics, the “population” refers to all members of a target group of interest Feedback: Page reference: p7 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 17 17. True or False: A researcher is examining the effects of the parental presence during an experiment and children’s ability to solve problems independently. In this case, parental presence is the dependent variable Feedback: Page reference: p10, 11 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 18 18. True or False: In an experiment with a repeated measures design, each participant experiences one of the possible different conditions. Feedback: Page reference: p13 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 19 19. True or False: In a study examining two different amounts of drug dosage on an particular outcome variable, the independent variable has two levels Feedback: Page reference: p11 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 01 Question 20 20. True or False: a typical observation is an observation from a dataset that generalizes to the population of interest Feedback: Page reference: p6 a) True *b) False Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 1 1. Which of the following is not a ratio? Feedback: Page reference: p6 a. The number of honeycrisp apples a farmer grew out of all the apples that were harvested from his farm *b. The number of boys in a choir group Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. c. The proportion of patients at a veterinarian that were cats d. The amount of words in a paragraph that are nouns compared to verbs. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 2 2. Generally, when designin g an experiment , a researcher tests the _________________ , by examining whether the ____________ causes the ___________________. Feedback: Page reference: p9 a. Target variable; dependent variable; independent variable *b. Hypothesis; independent variable; dependent variable c. independent variable; dependent variable; chance error d. parameter; statistic; dependent variable Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 3 3. Which of the following describes the quality of a representative sample is? Feedback: Page reference: p8 a. It has characteristics that are similar to the population b. The data from the sample can likely be generalized to a the population c. It can allow for reliable conclusions to be drawn *d. All of the above are true descriptions of representative samples. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 4 4. Which of the following most likely requires the use of inferential statistics? Feedback: Page reference: p7, 8 a. What is the average height of boys in Ms. Simpson’s 4th grade class? *b. How long is the average lifespan of a German Shepherd? c. What is the average income of employees at a local supermarket? d. In what year did the Cubs most recently win the world series? Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 5 5. When collecting data from the population to draw a sample , you are forming a… Feedback: Page reference: E, p3 *a. dataset b. Descriptive statistic c. Inferential statistic d. parameter Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 6 6. Why do we need descriptive statistics? Feedback: Page reference: P5, 6 *a. Descriptive statistics summarize data and tell us about various characteristics of a dataset. b. Descriptive statistics allow us to generalize to the population c. Descriptive statistics is critical for us to compare samples to populations. d. Descriptive statistics are used to characterize and estimate the true population parameter based on the dataset. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 7 Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. 7. It is generally impractical to collect data from the entire population. But often times, scientists and researchers want to estimate true population parameters. This makes __________ particularly valuable . Feedback: Page referenc e: p7 a. Descriptive statistics b. Typical observations *c. Inferential statistics d. Experimentation Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 08 8. Inferential statistics allows researchers to draw conclusions about a ______________ based on a ______________. Feedback: Page reference: E, p7 a. sample; population b. Population; typical observation *c. Population; sample d. Sample; dataset Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 9 9. A research team is examining the effects of stress on emotion regulation. They are particular interested in adolescents in high school, as puberty is a time that where emotions can vacillate quickly . In this case, what is the population? Feedback: Page reference: H, p7 *a. High school students b. Adolescents c. Students d. Minors Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 10 10. A research team is examining the effects of stress on emotion regulation. They are particular interested in adolescents in high school, as puberty is a time that where emotions can vacillate quickly. What is the dependent variable of this study? a. stress b. stress and emotion regulation *c. emoti on regulation d. there is no dependent variable Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 11 11. If the sample ’s composition is similar to that of the population, we say that it is a __________________ sample. Feedback: Page reference: p8 a. typical b. valid *c. representative d. descriptive Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 12 12. What is an extraneous variable? Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Feedback: Page reference: p10 a. The outcome variable b. It is the target variable. This means it is not uncontrolled and the variable that the research is most interested in. c. A variable included in the research to minimize chance errors. *d. It is a variable that can influence the target variable, but part of the researcher’s intent Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 13 13. Jennifer reviewed the literature on research related to patients with anxiety disorders in clinical psychology. She designs a study assigning some patients to three different treatments and a control group with no treatment. She then measures anxiety symptoms 2 months after the treatment. Treatment in this ca se is the… Feedback: Page reference: p9, 10 11 *a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable c. Extraneous variable d. Control variable Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 14 14. Jennifer reviewed the literature on research related to patients with anxiety disorders in clinical psychology. She designs a study assigning some patients to three different treatments and a control group with no treatment. She then measures anxiety symptoms 2 months after the treatment. Anxiety s ymptoms 2 months later is the… Feedback: Page reference: p9, 10, 11 a. Independent variable *b. Dependent variable c. Extraneous variable d. Control variable Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 15 15. Jennifer reviewed the literature on research related to patients with anxiety disorders in clinical psychology. She designs a study assigning some patients to three different treatments and a control group with no treatment. She then measures anxiety symptoms 2 months after th e treatment. Which of the following would be a hypothesis for this study? Feedback: Page reference: p9, 10, 11 *a. Treatment can reduce anxiety symptoms b. Anxiety symptoms are caused by prenatal stress during pregnancy. c. Treatment explain why anxiety disorders occur in some but not other individuals d. All of the above are hypothesis appropriate for the study. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapte r 01 Question 16 16. Jennifer reviewed the literature on research related to patients with anxiety disorders in clinical psychology. She designs a study assigning some patients to three different treatments and a control group with no treatment. She then measures anxiety symptoms 2 months after the treatment. Jennifer conducts her study and claims that one particular treatment is helpful to patients who suffer from anxiety disorder. Which of the following assumptions is she making? Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Feedback: Page reference: p8 *a. Her sample is representative of the population of individuals who suffer from anxiety b. Her sample is representative to the society at large c. Her study was influenced by an extraneous variable d. Her parameters were good estimates of the statistics. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 17 17. Jennifer reviewed the literature on research related to patients with anxiety disorders in clinical psychology. She designs a study assigning some patients to three different treatments and a control group with no treatment. Sh e then measures anxiety symptoms 2 months after the treatment. How many levels are there for the independent variable? Feedback: Page reference: p11 a. 2 b. 3 *c. 4 d. 5 Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 18 18. In experimentation, it is generally the case that researchers are testing whether their ______________ are supported Feedback: Page reference: p9 a. target variable b. representative sample *c. hypotheses d. typical observations Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 19 19. How are chance errors best described? Feedback: Page reference: p16 a. avoidable errors that are generally human mistakes *b. errors that are hard to avoid because they occur relatively randomly c. errors that only occur when the researcher has no clear hypothesis d. errors that influence only the independent variable Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 20 20. The average IQ of the population is a ___________. Feedback: Page reference: p8, 9 a. statistic *b. parameter c. extraneous variable d. inferential statistic Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 21 21. The most frequently occurring observation in a sample can be thought of as a… *a. typical observation b. parameter c. extraneous variable d. inferential statistic Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 22 22. The existence of inferential statistics means that… Feedback: Page reference: p7 a. one does not need to collect data from the whole population b. sample statistics can be used to estimate population parameters c. One can make generalizations about the population based on a sample *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 23 23. In statistics, context is best described as… Feedback: Page reference: p22 a. where the research was conducted b. the purpose of the research *c. the point the author is trying to make d. fake news Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 24 24. Which of the following is not a good description statistics? Feedback: Page reference: p21, 22 a. Users of statistics can manipulate their audience with it *b. Statistics are inherently confusing to audiences, and often misrepresent the truth c. The author or user of statistics can present the same information differently, based on how they use statistics. d. Statistics can be a powerful tool to aid in making arguments or claims Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 25 25. In experimentation researchers manipulate the ___________ and examine its effects on the _______________ Feedback: Page reference: p10, 11, 12, 13 a. dependent variable; independent variable b. extraneous variable; dependent variable *c. independent varia ble; dependent variable d. independent variable; control variable. Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 1 1. A researcher is conducting a large -scale study, focusing on the effects of an educational intervention on children’s reading ability in schools. Half of the classrooms in a school district were assigned this intervention, and the other half were not. Ident ify the independent variable, dependent variable, and a potential extraneous variable. Explain why the results may or may not be generalizable. Feedback: Page reference: p9, 10, 11, 12, 13 IV: reading intervention DV: reading ability Extraneous variable: socioeconomic status (answers may vary) Reasons for lack of generalizability: if the school district has particular qualities (e.g., low socioeconomic status , lack of diversity, etc.), it may not generalize to school populations in general. Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 2 Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. 2. A team of scientists is examining the habitat of a rare species of fish. They want to know under what temperatures they survive, and the amount of food they take in. Explain: 1.) why they draw a sample of fish, and 2.) how they might answer the questions with a sample. Feedback: Page reference: p6, 7, 8, 9 The research team uses a sample because it is impractical to collect the whole population of fish. They can use descriptive statistics to char acterize their data, e.g., when the fish die and when they survive, and analyze the amount of food they consume. Then, they can use inferential statistics to make generalizations about the population. Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Qu estion 0 3 3. Exposure to sunlight can affect our emotions, but to what extent? A researcher is interested in this question and exposes participants to a certain amount of sunlight individuals are exposed to for a week. Then he reduces the sunlight exposure and examines how individuals’ emotions change. Identify the IV, DV< and type of design the researcher uses. Feedback: Page reference: p9, 10, 11, 13 IV: amount of sunlight DV: emotion Design: repeated measures Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 4 4. Why is context in statistics important? Feedback: Page reference: p22 Context can inform the reader or audience why the statistics was reported in a particular way. Understanding where the author or user of statistics is coming from can be informative on what kinds of manipulations or hidden agendas might exist in the statistics that is being presented. While statistics can be very informative if used correctly, it can also be used to intentionally and purposefully mislead others . Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 0 5 5. Given the role of chance errors, what is a general rule about sample size in statistics? Why does this rule make sense? Feedback: Page reference: P16 Larger samples tend to be preferred. This is because a larger sample gives more opportunities to match the characteristics of the population. In other words, the larger the sample, the more likely it will be like the population of interest. Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Chapter 2 Test Bank Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 1 1. True or False: Qualitative data can be in the form of numbers Feedback: Page reference: p3, 4, 5 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 2 2. True or False: Data based on rankings are qualitative Feedback: Page reference: p3, 4, 5 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 3 3. True or False: Nominal scales are qualitative measurements that use ranks to represent categories. Feedback: Page reference: p6 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 4 4. True or false: Nominal scales are inherently quantitative Feedback: Page reference: p4, 5, 6 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 5 5. True or False: Ordinal scales are not a type of qualitative data. Rather, they are quantitative data. Feedback: Page reference: p7, 8 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 6 6. True or False: Placement in a race is on an ordinal scale Feedback: Page reference: p7, 8 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 7 7. True or False: Unlike interval scales, ratio scales have a true and meaningful zero point Feedback: Page reference: p10 *a) True b) False Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 8 8. True or false: Just because you have numbers in a dataset to calculate a mean or median, it doesn’t mean that the result is meaningful . Feedback: Page reference: p8, 9 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 9 9. True or False: A frequency distribution is a table that shows the frequency of possible measurements that could have been observed Feedback: Page reference: p18 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 10 10. True or False: When counting cumulative frequency, the total frequency will only increase as you move up in an ordered dataset. Feedback: Page reference: p21 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 11 11. True or False: In a grouped frequency distribution, the groups are formed based on the total number of observations . Feedback: Page reference: p27 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 12 12. True or False: Grouped frequency distributions can be presented in differen t ways, such as to show relative frequencies and cumulative relative frequencies. Feedback: Page reference: p31, 32 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 13 13. True or False: When creating a grouped frequency distribution , it is best to start with 2 groups and then work your way up until a desired amount is reached . Feedback: Page reference: E, p29 a) True *b) False Type: true-false Title: Chapter 02 Question 14 14. True or False: Relative frequencies are generally displayed as percentages or proportions, instead of actual counts. Feedback: Page reference: p20 *a) True Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 15 15. True or False: Cumulative relative frequencies are also known as percentile rank Feedback: Page reference: p23, 24 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 16 16. True or False: If a certain datum or observation is associated with a cumulative relative frequency of 59%, that means that 59% of the observations were ranked below that datum or observation. Feedback: Page reference: p24 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 17 17. True or False: Asking participants of a survey to pick their favorite color would be on an ordinal scale Feedback: Page reference: p6, 7, 8 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 18 18. True or False: Interval scales and ratio scales are not that different. Interval scales contain a true 0 point but ratio scales don’t. Feedback: Page reference: p10, 11 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 19 19. True or False: In an ungrouped frequency distribution, you are able to extract the entire dataset precisely to have each observation available. Feedback: Page reference: p17, 18 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 02 Question 20 20. True or false: Reaction time measured in milliseconds is on an interval scale because there are equal intervals between each millisecond Feedback: Page reference: p10 a) True *b) False Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 1 1. Which of the following scenarios is a reason to use grouped frequency distributions over ungrouped frequency distributions ? Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Feedback: Page reference: p27 a. small datasets with low variability b. datasets on a nominal scale c. datasets that contain categorical variables such as gender or color *d. large datasets with high variability Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 2 2. Which of the following accurately describes how 0’s are represented in different scales? Feedback: Page reference: p10 a. They can be arbitrary for nominal scales, and do not reflect an absence of what is being measured on a ratio scale. b. The represent an absence of what is being measured on all measurement scales regardless of what kind of scale the data are on. c. The represent the absence of that which is being measured for interval scales only *d. They represent the absence of that which is being measured for ratio scales only. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 3 3. Which of the following does not describe ordinal scale? Feedback: Page reference: p7, 8 a. Class rank in school b. Letter grades on a test *c. Percentage of points earned on a test d. All of the above are ordinal scales. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 4 4. According to S.S. Stevens, what are the two basic characteristics of an object or event that is measurable? Feedback: Page reference: p3, 4 a. Quality and interest *b. Quality and quantity c. Who and how many d. When and where Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 5 5. Degrees F crf 90-99 100 80-89 89 70-79 81 60-69 40 50-59 21 40-49 7 30-39 3 What percentage of days were hotter than 79 degrees Fahrenheit? Feedback: Page reference: p22, 23 a. 81% b. 89% Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. *c. 19% d. 100% Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 6 6. Degrees F crf 90-99 100 80-89 89 70-79 81 60-69 40 50-59 21 40-49 7 30-39 3 How many days were 59 degrees or less? Feedback: Page reference: p22, 23 a. 21 b. 7 c. 3 *d. Insufficient information from the data Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 7 7. Degrees F crf 90-99 100 80-89 89 70-79 81 60-69 40 50-59 21 40-49 7 30-39 3 The most common range of temperature for the recorded days in this dataset was which range? *a. 70 – 79 b. 60 – 69 c. 90 – 99 d. 80 – 89 Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 8 8. Degrees F crf 90-99 100 80-89 89 70-79 81 60-69 40 Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. 50-59 21 40-49 7 30-39 3 What percentage of days had temperatures between 40 and 69 degrees Fahrenheit? Feedback: Page reference: p22, 23 a. 61% b. 28% *c. 37% d. Insufficient information from the data Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 9 9. What unique feature about interval scales separates it from ordinal scales? Feedback: Page reference: p8, 9 *a. equal distance between any two adjacent points on the scale b.a true 0 that represents absence c. rank ordered data d. All of the above. The following data set presents the number of lapto ps individuals own. Questions 10 through 1 3 will use the data below: Number of laptops f 0 7 1 141 2 81 3 5 4 3 5 7 Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 10 10. How many individuals had either 1 or 3 laptops? Feedback: Page reference: p18, 19 *a. 146 b. 141 c. 227 d. 86 Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 11 11. In this sample, the fewest people had how many laptops? Feedback: Page reference: p18, 19 a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 *d. 4 Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 12 12. This distribution is ___________, and is showing the ___________. Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Feedback: Page reference: p18, 19 a. grouped; relative frequency *b. ungrouped; frequency c. ungrouped; relatively frequency; d. ungrouped; percentile rank. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 13 13. What is the cumulative relative frequency for owning 3 laptops? Feedback: Page reference: p22, 23 *a.95.9% b.2% c. 93.9% d. insufficient information. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 14 14. Interval and ratio scales are best described as which of the following? Feedback: Page reference: p10 a. descriptive *b. quantitative c. qualitative d. categorical Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 15 15. If your score on a test had a cumulative relative frequency of 55%, what does that mean? Feedback: Page reference: p22, 23 a. you are in the 45th percentile b. 55% of individuals in the sample scored higher than you *c. 55% of individuals in the sample scored lower than you d. You scored 55% of the total points correct. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 16 16. Qualitative data is generally concerned with _____________________ whereas quantitative data is concerned with _____________________. Feedback: Page reference: p3, 4 a. frequency; categorization. *b. categorizing; counting c. How and when; who and where d. observing; counting Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 17 17. Interval scales are inherently... Feedback: Page reference: p5, 6 a. qualitative. *b. quantitative. c. categories . d. None of the above . Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 18 Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. 18. In a grouped frequency distribution, which one of the following is true? Feedback: Page reference: p27, 28 *a. you no longer know what the exact data points in the dataset were b. you are only interested in percentile rank and not frequency, because the individual data points are not used c. it makes small datasets more easily read d. It is only a good idea when the difference between the largest and smallest observation is greater than 100. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 19 19. As a general rule of thumb, how many groups should you start with when creating a grouped frequency distribution? Feedback: Page reference: p29 a. 2 b. 5 *c. 10 d. The range divided by 5 Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 20 20. What is the midpoint for each group in a grouped frequency distribution? Feedback: Page reference: p32 *a. |UL – LL|/2 + LL b. UL – LL/2 + LL c. |UL – LL|/2 + UL d. UL – LL/2 Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 21 21. Which of the following accurately describes interval and ratio scales? Feedback: Page reference: p5, 6, 7, 8 *a. They have all the qualities that ordinal scales have b. They do not have qualities that ordinal scales have c. They are the same, except that interval scales have a true 0 point d. a and c only Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 22 22. A researcher is studying the life expectancy of grizzly bears. During her research, she finds that the grizzly bears that inhabit the area primarily find their food from four locations. She reorients her research and begins to examine what types of food is available is at each location and how common each food type is. The data is on what kind of scale? Feedback: Page reference: p5, 6, 7 *a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Ratio d. Interval Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 23 23. A student researcher is asking participants to report the number of hours they studied for a recent exam and the letter grade they received. These are variables on a ___________ and ___________ respectively. Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Feedback: Page refe rence: p5, 6, 7, 8, 9 a. ratio; ordinal b. ratio; interval c. interval; nominal *d. interval; ordinal Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 24 24. A dataset that is comprised of the value of homes in a neighborhood is on a ________ scale Feedback: Page reference: p10, 11 a. interval *b. ratio c. nominal d. ordinal Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 25 25. Grouped tables for datasets offer which advantage over an ungrouped frequency table? Feedback: Page reference: p27 *a. it can be better organize large datasets with lots of variability b. It can be used for all measurement scales whereas ungrouped frequen cy tables cannot c. It shows all values of the dataset whereas ungrouped frequency tables do not. d. All of the above Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 1 1. There are two types of data: qualitative and quantitative. Explain what they are and give an example of each Feedback: Page reference: p3 Quantitative data refers to measurements that tell us how much or many of something there are. Quantitative data a re generally in the form of numbers . An example of quantitative data is heart rate. Qualitative data record what category an event, observation, object, or measurement falls in. Qualitative data can be in both the format of numbers and/or words. An example of qualitative data is political party affiliation. Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 2 2. identify the 4 types of measurement scales, and provide an example of each Feedback: Page reference: p5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ,10, 11 Nominal scale: this is categorical data that can be represented by numbers, but the numbers are generally arbitrary. Nominal data can be shown by frequencies. An example would be species of animals Ordinal scale: this is also qualitative data, but the numbers can be rank ordered. An example of this would be placement in a race. Interval scale: this is a form of quantitative data. It is ra nk ordered, but now adjacent data points now all have exactly the same interval. An example of an interval scale would be temperature in Fahrenheit. Ratio scale: ratio scale shares qualities of interval scales. The main difference is that ratio scales h ave a true 0 point that represents an absence of that which is being measured. An example of a ratio scale is number of points scored on a test. Type: essay/short answer question Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 3 3. Identify and briefly describe the four ways that data can be organized in frequency tables Feedback: Page reference: p18 1. frequencies: the number of occurences in each category or observation 2. relative frequencies: The proportion of the data that has a certain value or observation in an ordered dataset 3. cumulative frequencies: the total number of observations that has a certain observation or smaller 4. cumulative relative frequencies: the proportion of observations that has a certain data value and below in an ordered dataset Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 4 4. Below are data from an eating contest. Contestants tried to eat as many hot dogs as they can. Use the data to answer the following questions. Hotdogs f 12 1 11 3 10 6 9 12 8 33 7 29 The winner of the contest ate how many hot dogs? Feedback: Page reference: p17 12 Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 5 5. Below are data from an eating contest. Contestants tried to eat as many hot dogs as they can. Use the data to answer the following questions. Hotdogs f 12 1 11 3 10 6 9 12 8 33 7 29 Create a new column of the table and calculate the cumulative frequencies Feedback: Page reference: p21, 22 Hotdogs f cf 12 1 84 11 3 83 10 6 80 9 12 74 8 33 62 7 29 29 Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 6 6. Below are data from an eating contest. Contestants tried to eat as many hot dogs as they can. Use the data to answer the following questions. Hotdogs f 12 1 11 3 10 6 9 12 8 33 7 29 What kind of measurement scale is this data on? Feedback: Page reference: p10, 11 Ratio Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 7 7. Weddings are becoming increasingly expensive for couples. Below are data showing how much newly weds spent on their weddings. Use it to answer the following questions. Cost f 50,000 2 48,000 1 30,000 4 25,000 9 22,000 22 19,000 37 14,000 21 12,000 14 11,000 21 9,000 35 8,000 48 5,000 17 The most frequently observed cost in this dataset is how much for a wedding? Feedback: Page reference: p17 8,000 Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 0 8 8. Weddings are becoming increasingly expensive for couples. Below are data showing how much newly weds spent on their weddings. Use it to answer the following questions. Cost f 50,000 2 Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. 48,000 1 30,000 4 25,000 9 22,000 22 19,000 37 14,000 21 12,000 14 11,000 21 9,000 35 8,000 48 5,000 17 Create a new column of data and calculate the relative frequency Feedback: Page reference: p 20, 21 Cost f rf 50,000 2 0.87% 48,000 1 0.43% 30,000 4 1.73% 25,000 9 3.90% 22,000 22 9.52% 19,000 37 16.02% 14,000 21 9.09% 12,000 14 6.06% 11,000 21 9.09% 9,000 35 15.15% 8,000 48 20.78% 5,000 17 7.36% Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Chapter 3 Test Bank Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 0 1 1. True or False: The y -axis was more formally known as the abscissa. Feedback: Page reference: E, p5 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 0 2 2. True or False: Histograms and Bar Charts are similar in that they plot frequencies on the y -axis and possible observations on the x -axis. Feedback: Page reference: E, p5 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 0 3 3. True or False: Pie charts are most useful when presenting categorical data and relative frequencies. Feedback: Page reference: p12 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 0 4 4. True or false: Scatterplots are usually used to graph the relationship between two variables. Feedback: Page reference: p17 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 0 5 5. True or False: Graphs are the best and necessary method for presenting data. Feedback: Page reference: p19 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 0 6 6. True or False: When plotting a graph, the axes should always be labeled. Feedback: Page reference: p19 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 0 7 7. True or False: It is possible for the reader of statistics to over interpret what is being stated on a graph. Feedback: Page reference: p19 *a) True Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 0 8 8. True or False: When a graph is used, it can always be assume d that it is the best and co rrect way to visualize data. Feedback: Page reference: p19 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 0 9 9. True or false: When plotting a bar chart, the bars in the graph are not supposed to touch Feedback: Page reference: p7 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 10 10. True or False: Bar charts are for discrete data and histograms are for continuous data Feedback: Page reference: p7, 8 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 11 11. True or False: When using a stem -and-leaf plot, it is still possible to identify all the datapoints in a dataset. Feedback: Page reference: p8 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 12 12. True or False: graphs are always necessary for presenting data. Feedback: Page reference: p19 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 13 13. True or False: When you have continuous data, there can be an infinite number of points between two adjacent data values Feedback: Page reference: p8 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 14 14. True or False: Frequency polygons are like histograms, except used for discrete data. Feedback: Page reference: p12 a) True *b) False Blatchley , Statistics in Context , First Edition © Oxford University Press, 2020. Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 15 15. True or False: For the number 62, a stem -and-leaf-plot would plot 6 as the stem and 2 as the leaf. Feedback: Page reference: p10 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 16 16. True or False: If you are interested in plotting the means of two experimental groups, it is best to use a histogram Feedback: Page reference: p17 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 17 17. True or False: One reason why scientists didn’t always trust the data was because graphs don’t show raw data Feedback: Page reference: p3 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 18 18. True or False: The y -axis is called the ordinate Feedback: Page reference: p6 *a) True b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 19 19. True or False: Only raw data can be plotted. Means cannot be plotted. Feedback: Page reference: p16 a) True *b) False Type: true -false Title: Chapter 03 Question 20 20. True or False: In a time -series graph, time is plotted along the ordinate Feedback: Page reference: p18 a) True *b) False Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 0 1 1. The horizontal axis is also known as the _______________; the vertical is also known as the _________________. Feedback: Page reference: p5 a. X-axis; longitudinate b. ordinate; y-axis *c. abscissa; ordinate d. ordinate; abscissa