(Test Bank) Introduction to Sociology

Carr, Giddens, Duneier, Appelb, 11

Sociology

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11th Edition

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Author(s): Carr, Giddens, Duneier, Appelb

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CHAPTER 1: What Is Sociology? MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. According to the sociological perspective, people’s behavior is: a. mostly a result of their personality b. entirely determined by the social context c. mostly a result of their genes d. influenced by the so cial context ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Recognize that sociology involves not only acquiring knowledge but also developing a sociological imagination. MSC: Applying 2. The idea of a sociological imagination originated with: a. Anthony Giddens b. C. Wright Mills c. Émile Durkheim d. Karl Marx ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Recognize that sociology involves not only acquiring knowledge but also developing a sociological imagination. MSC: Remembering 3. The significa nce of a sociological imagination is that: a. sociology should be considered a philosophy rather than a science b. sociologists are primarily interested in predicting the unobservable c. sociology attempts to connect individual experiences to a conception of a larger social structure d. sociology is rarely concerned with empirical verification of theories ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Recognize that sociology involves not only acquiring knowledge but also developing a sociological imaginat ion. MSC: Remembering 4. When sociologists visit college campuses, they witness a variety of behaviors and social relationships that are not necessarily immediately apparent to the members of the college community because this community is unlikely to be focusing on how the college context connects to the larger social framework. The ability to interpret all the events taking place within the campus context is referred to as: a. theory b. macrosociology c. feminism d. sociological imagination ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Recognize that sociology involves not only acquiring knowledge but also developing a sociological imagination. MSC: Applying 5. Sociologists often observe individual people’s behavior, even though they are typically analyzing these observations for how they reveal patterns or regularities of social behaviors beyond the individuals themselves. This relates to sociology’s focus on ___________. a. socialization b. anomie c. bureaucracy d. social structure ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn what sociology covers as a field and how everyday topics are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Understanding 6. The norms, beliefs, and values that we learn through socialization make __________ possible. a. agency b. power struggles c. social order d. bureaucracy ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn what sociology covers as a field and how everyday topics are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Understanding 7. Sociologists r ecognize that when a group of people agree on an idea or practice, it becomes a taken -for-granted reality. This is called __________. a. rationalization b. social construction c. social constraint d. latent function ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn what sociology covers as a field and how everyday topics are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Remembering 8. A child’s father is likely to tell the child to “say thank -you” when the child receives a gift. This is an example o f: a. social construction b. rationalization c. socialization d. social structure ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn what sociology covers as a field and how everyday topics are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Applying 9. We can say that something is socially constructed when it occurs through: a. anomie b. rationalization c. social intelligence d. social interactions ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn what sociology covers as a field and how everyday topics are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Remembering 10. In their 2002 study comparing the average yearly income of students who had been admitted to and attended an Ivy League college with the average yearly income of students who had been admitted to but did not attend an Ivy League college, Alan Krueger and Stacy Dale found that: a. the individual matters despite an apparent disparity in opportunities between Ivy League and non– Ivy League colleges b. highly motivated students are far less likely to succeed if they attend a non –Ivy League college c. institutional structures are always a greater determinant of success than personal ambition d. non– Ivy League college graduates have a significantly higher average income than graduates of Ivy L eague colleges ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Recognize that sociology involves not only acquiring knowledge but also developing a sociological imagination. MSC: Understanding 11. Early sociological theorists often differed in their analyses of social behavior and social institutions. Nevertheless, Auguste Comte, Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, and Max Weber strove to explain the new relationships that emerged as an outgrowth of the: a. American Revolution b. French Revolution c. Russian R evolution d. Industrial Revolution ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 12. Which sociological theorist first used the word sociology to describe the science that seeks to understand human behavior? a. Auguste Comte b. Émile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. Max Weber ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 13. What should knowledge of society be based on, according to Auguste Comte? a. authority b. imagination c. scient ific evidence d. tradition ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 14. Which of the following social thinkers argued that it is preferable for social development to come from individual achievement rather than assistance from the state? a. Herbert Spencer b. Karl Marx c. Émile Durkheim d. George Herbert Mead ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 15. Which sociologist argued that social factors exert a fundamental influ ence on suicidal behavior? a. Anthony Giddens b. Émile Durkheim c. George Herbert Mead d. Robert K. Merton ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intel lectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 16. According to Émile Durkheim, sociologists must study social facts, which are: a. the ways in which people cooperate b. what people report as the reasons for their behavior c. aspects of social life that shape our individual actions d. individual opinions ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologis ts. MSC: Remembering 17. Organic solidarity is: a. how society operates naturally b. when people disagree on basic values and customs but work together anyway c. a source of social conflict in society d. when the institutions of society function together as a whole ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 18. According to Émile Durkhe im, societies must have organic solidarity based on cooperation and a general agreement on basic values and customs in order to: a. persist over time b. survive in the face of globalization c. have a functional division of labor d. limit social conflict ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 19. The way in which social structure limits the range of activities and opportunities in individuals’ lives is called: a. division of labor b. anomie c. rationalization d. social constraint ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originate d and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 20. Consider a society in which anyone is allowed to go to any school they can qualify and pay for. A young adult wishes to go to a costly private university but cannot afford the cost of tuition. This would be an example of the concept of __________. a. anomie b. social constraint c. capitalism d. division of labor ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn h ow sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Applying 21. According to Émile Durkheim, the following would gradually replace religion as the source of social cohesion in society: a. science b. love c. the division of labor d. capitalism ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 22. Émile Durkheim analyzed the social changes transforming society in his lifetime in terms of: a. “social physics” b. the materialist conception of history c. the rationalization of social and economic life d. the division of labor ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 23. According to Émile Durkheim, the rapid pr ocess of social change gives rise to many social difficulties that he linked to: a. anomie b. social conflict c. increased social constraint d. the economy ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 24. Which early theorist saw class conflict as the main source of social change? a. Émile Durkheim b. Harriet Martineau c. Karl Marx d. Max Weber ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 25. In Marxian analysis, which group makes up the largest component of society? a. the ruling class b. capitalists c. wage workers d. the aristocracy ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the inte llectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 26. Karl Marx differs from Émile Durkheim in that Marx: a. concentrated on postindustrial society as opposed to industrial society b. argued that social change is caused by economic influences as opposed to values and ideas c. argued for a social physics and scientific understanding d. argued that social change causes anomie ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and underst and the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 27. According to Karl Marx’s materialist conception of history, which of the following would be considered a source of social change in society? a. democratic political movements b. the conflict between the working class and the ruling class c. acceptance of new religions d. changes in family structure ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated a nd understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 28. According to Karl Marx, the modern era is shaped primarily by: a. anomie b. bureaucracy c. division of labor d. capitalism ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 29. The economic system in which conflict is inevitable because i t is in the interest of the ruling class to exploit the working class and in the interest of workers to overcome that exploitation is called: a. socialism b. Marxism c. communism d. capitalism ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 30. Which of the following was a focus of Max Weber’s research? a. class struggles b. the influence of cultural ideas and values on social change and individual behavior c. a belief in the superiority of Western culture d. the sense of aimlessness provoked by modern social life ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 31. According to Max Weber, economic factors are important to social change in society. However, he also argued that ____________ is/are just as important for social change. a. ideas and values b. cohesion c. government d. the ability to accept social change ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and unde rstand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 32. What played the fundamental role in developing the capitalistic outlook, according to Max Weber? a. organic solidarity b. specialization c. religious val ues d. symbolic interaction ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 33. Max Weber contended that a bureaucratic structure is the most efficient organizational type. Which of the following best exemplifies a bureaucratic organization? a. the Beta chapter of Delta Gamma sorority b. a block party in celebration of Independence Day c. an in troductory sociology class d. the college or university you attend ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early soci ologists. MSC: Applying 34. Minzee has just been promoted to head assistant of Technology Innovations for the Department of Sociology. She now reports directly to the chairperson of the Technology Committee. Minzee is in charge of digitizing movie clips a nd sending them to the chairperson, who then loads the clips onto the department website. This chain of command is an example of: a. capitalism b. social structure c. socialization d. bureaucracy ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociolog ical Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Applying 35. Which type of organization causes problems for effective democratic participation, according to Max Weber? a. government b. capitalism c. rationalization d. bureaucracy ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 36. In the classical period of sociology, _________ were rarely allowed to hold academic positions or to do sociological research, so their contributions have been neglected. a. men b. Frenchmen c. Germans d. women and minor ities ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 37. The foundational figures in sociol ogy developed theories to address social inequality, exploitation, and stratification, but at the same time they: a. neglected to examine industrialization b. ignored women and minorities c. forgot to examine values and beliefs d. ignored the role of relig ion in society ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 38. Who was the first sociologist to look at previously ignored issues, such as domestic life and race relations? a. Émile Durkheim b. Emily Dickinson c. Harriet Martineau d. Jean Baudrillard ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how soc iology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 39. Harriet Martineau is significant to sociologists today for insisting that an analysis of society must include: a. a focus on culture b. an examination of economic factors c. all of society’s members, including women d. the most powerful figures in a society ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 40. According to W. E. b. Du Bois, African Americans’ sense of self and identity are greatly influenced by the experiences of slavery and, after emancipation, segr egation. Du Bois labeled this idea: a. organic solidarity b. rationalization c. dialectical materialism d. double consciousness ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 41. Who said about American society, “The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line”? a. Émile Durkheim b. George Herbert Mead c. Harriet Martin eau d. W. E. B .Du Bois ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 42. Having a _________ allows one to understand the centrality of gender in analyzing the social world. a. sociological imagination b. rational choice perspective c. global perspective d. feminist perspective ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field MSC: Remembering 43. With the use of Internet technology, college students are able to more efficiently register for classes, check their grades, and access course material on class websites. Max Weber would say that this is an example of: a. agency b. capitalism c. rationalization d. division of labor ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Be able to identify some of the leading theorists and the conce pts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Applying 44. The concept of rationalization, the process by which the social world becomes more precise, efficiently organized, and involves more abstract rules was developed by ___________. a. Max Weber b. Émile Dur kheim c. Herbert Spencer d. Karl Marx ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Be able to identify some of the leading theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Applying 45. A neighborhood has an annual food drive for the purpose of collecting food for disadvantaged families. However, this event also has the effect of creating a stronger sense of community in this neighborhood. The stronger sense of community would be an example of Robert K. Merton’s concept of __________. a. manifest functions b. latent functions c. microsociology d. functionalism ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Be able to identify some of the leading theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Applying 46. Who had the greatest influence on the theoretical approach known as symbolic interactionism ? a. Auguste Comte b. Émile Durkheim c. Talcott Parsons d. George Herbert Mead ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Be able to identify some of the leading theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Remembering 47. What would a symbolic interactionist say is involved in nearly all social interactions? a. a conflict b. an exchange of functions c. an exchange of symbols d. a rational choice ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Remembering 48. A variety of interpretations can be made of a scene at a restaurant where two men are having lunch together, laughing, and being playful with each other. Who among the following would most likely interpret their behavior by watching for subtle signs of affection and eye contact? a. a structural -functionalis t b. a Marxist c. a rational choice theorist d. a symbolic interactionist ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Analyzing 49. According to George Herbert Mead, what separates human society from the animal kingdom? a. the ability to interpret the natural world b. the ability to interpret and understand symbols c. latent functions d. organic solidarity ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Modern Theore tical Approaches OBJ: Be able to identify some of the leading theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Remembering 50. When one item is used to represent another, it is labeled a(n): a. concept b. theory c. interpretation d. symbol ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Remembering 51. In daily life, people rely on cues to determine which behaviors are appropriate or inappropriate in each particular context. Which of the following theories does this statement best represent? a. functionalism b. rational choice theory c. symbolic interactionism d. Marxism ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Understanding 52. Which theoretical perspective perceives moral consensus within society as imperative for social integration? a. functionalism b. Marxism c. symbolic interaction ism d. rational choice theory ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Understanding 53. Drug trafficking and other illegal activities produce jobs and income for some Americans. Illegal activity in turn produces jobs in law enforcement, corrections, and the legal system. Who might say that drug trafficking has a useful place in society? a. capitalists b. postmodernists c. functionalists d. rational choice theorists ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Applying 54. According to Robert K. Merton, the intended consequences of a soc ial activity or institution are called: a. latent functions b. manifest functions c. desired functions d. organic solidarity ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Be able to identify some of the leading theorists and the concepts t hey contributed to sociology. MSC: Remembering 55. Which of the following is an example of a latent function of education? a. learn basic skills such as reading and writing b. learn the skills needed to get a job c. learn analytical skills such as critical thinking d. learn to obey authority figures ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Applying 56. The social cohesion that fans feel at a baseball game when their team wins is an example of a(n) __________ function. a. intended b. manifest c. symbolic d. latent ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists brin g to the field. MSC: Applying 57. When sociological research and analysis are framed in the context of power and inequality, the reader can assume that the research and analysis are variations of what type of theory? a. symbolic interactionism b. Marxism c. functionalism d. rationality theory ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Remembering 58. In addition to sociological analysis, Marxist s ociologists believe that sociology should also include: a. political reform b. focus on individual behavior c. religious analysis d. moral analysis ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches mo dern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Remembering 59. If a person or group is able to make their own concerns or interests count, even if others resist, that individual or group has: a. power b. privilege c. prestige d. feminism ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Remembering 60. According to Marxist sociologists, ideologies are used to _________. a. create social cohesion b. justify the a ctions of those with power c. help the disadvantaged d. reduce cultural inequality ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Understanding 61. Feminist theory notes the systematic inequality in social life by gender and seeks political reform to overcome this inequality. These features of feminist theory illustrate its connection to ____________. a. functionalism b. symbolic interactionism c. conflict theory d. rational choice theory ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Understanding 62. An ideology is a: a. set of laws that enforce the power of one group in society b. set of moral codes that form social cohesion in society c. political system that governs in the interest of dominant groups d. shared set of ideas or beliefs that justify the interest of dominant groups ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Remembering 63. What do Marxism and feminism have in common? a. Both focus on inequalities and conflict as central features of modern societies. b. Neither sees advocating social change as an appropriate activity for sociologists. c. Both reject the idea that subordinate groups are important to study. d. Marxism and feminism deemphasize political reform. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Understanding 64. Rational choice theorists would define the behavior of corporate executives who outsource many jobs to countries where the cost of labor is substantially less than in the United States as being: a. instrumental b. expressive c. habitual d. affective ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical appr oaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Applying 65. Behavior that is oriented toward self -interest is often called: a. organic solidarity b. social structure c. feminism d. rational action ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Remembering 66. Approaching marriage as a way to maximize self -interest is an example of analysis that uses what type of theoretical understanding? a. Marx ism b. feminist theory c. rational choice approach d. functionalism ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Applying 67. According to postmodernist theory: a. history is leading us inevitably toward socialism b. society is becoming increasingly homogenized c. the nation- state is growing stronger d. society is highly pluralistic and diverse ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Appr oaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Understanding 68. What is the main source of meaning in the postmodern world, according to Jean Baudrillard? a. images in the media b. religion c. habit d. anomie ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Be able to identify some of the leading theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Remembering 69. Which of the following statements most closely resembles the id eas of a postmodernist? a. Sociology is a field that produces knowledge of society based on scientific evidence. b. Sociologists should understand that our subjectivities are being transformed and that we are in transition to a new era. c. The goal of soci ology should be to study the class conflicts between the workers and the owners of the means of production. d. The goal of sociology should be to examine inequalities in race, class, and gender. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approache s OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. MSC: Understanding 70. Robert K. Merton advocated that sociologists should develop more modest theories that would not attempt to encompass all of society. He termed these types of theories: a. micro -level theories b. theories of the middle range c. rational theories d. manifest theories ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring t o the field. MSC: Remembering 71. The study of everyday life and face -to-face interaction is called: a. microsociology