(Test Bank) Fundamentals of Information Systems

Stair,Reynolds, 9

Computer Science & Engineering

Test Bank

9th Edition

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Test Bank for Fundamentals of Information Systems, The downloadable file consists of 156 pages, and the total size of the file is 1.87 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Stair, Reynolds

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Study Note Preview

Chapter 1 1. Information is simply a collection of raw facts such as an employee number or the total hours worked in a week. a. True *b. False 2. Data represents real -world things including raw facts such as image and audio data. *a. True b. False 3. A set of random or unrelated tasks performed to achieve a definite outcome is called a process. a. True *b. False 4. The term data is used to label raw facts such as height and weight of a patient. *a. True b. False 5. Reengineering and continuous improvement have the same definition. a. True *b. False 6. A sustaining innovation is one that initially provides a lower level of performance than the marketplace has grown to accept. a. True *b. False 7. The concept of a value cha in is not significant to organizations unless they manufacture products. a. True *b. False 8. Over time, disruptive innovation tends to become less attractive to users in a new market. a. True *b. False 9. Perceived usefulness and ease of use o f a system influence an individual’s attitude toward the system. *a. True b. False 10. The diffusion of innovation theory states that adoption of any innovation happens all at once for all members of the targeted population. a. True *b. False 11. The diffusion of innovation theory can be useful in planning the rollout of a new information system. *a. True b. False 12. The activities that lead to getting the right product into the right consumer's hands in the right quantity at the rig ht time at the right cost are known as value chain management. a. True *b. False 13. Opportunities in information systems are available to people from different parts of the world. *a. True b. False 14. The role of a systems analyst is narrowly defined an d seldom involves communications with others. a. True *b. False 15. The information systems operations group is responsible for the day-to-day running of IS hardware to process the organization’s information systems workload. *a. True b. False 16. The successful implementation for change only happens when people accept the need for change and believe that it will improve factors such as productivity and/or customer satisfaction. *a. True b. False 17. "Adapting" is the second st age in Lewi n's Change Model, which involves learning new work methods, behaviors, and systems. a. True *b. False 18. According to Lewin's Change Model, an organization must deliberately change old habits, learn new work methods, and accept the new work method s as parts of the job. *a. True b. False 19. Today, many organizations can function and compete effectively without computer -based information systems. a. True *b. False 20. For someone to be a good CIO, technical ability is the most importan t characteristic. a. True *b. False 21. One of the primary roles of a senior IS manager is to communicate with other areas of the organization to determine changing business needs. *a. True b. False 22. A feedback mechanism is an optional co mponent of an information system. a. True *b. False 23. An organization's technology infrastructure includes all of the hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process dat a into information. *a. True b. False 24. Cole has just landed a job as a sales representative in a department store. Nina is teaching him the set of steps he should follow to ring up, take payment for, and bag a purchase for a customer. Cole is lear ning a procedure. *a. True b. False 25. The process of defining relationships among data to create useful information requires ______. a. an information system b. a formal education *c. knowledge d. intuition 26. A clothing store chain track s the sale of each product at each location. Managers use this information to calculate the organization's profits, to track inventory needs, and to determine which styles and fabrics are the most popular among its customers. This is an example of quality information that is ___________. *a. flexible b. economical c. relevant d. verifiable 27. The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve their organization’s _____. a. cost/profit target *b. goals c. cost re duction initiatives d. customer satisfaction levels 28. In terms of information systems, Wikipedia would be an example of _________. a. a personal IS *b. a group IS c. an enterprise IS d. an organizational complement 29. Which of the following is NOT an organizational complement? a. well-trained workers b. system support c. new decision rights *d. familiar processes 30. To keep information beyond reach of unauthorized users is to keep the information _____. *a. secure b. economical c. simple d. verifiable 31. Harrison works at a nationally known grocery store chain. He is analyzing sales data from the past five years to determine which low -selling products should be discontinued. Harrison is most likely a(n) ________. *a. data scientist b. end user c. knowledge worker d. top executive 32. Providing value to a _____ is the primary goal of any organization. *a. stakeholder b. product c. competitor d. service 33. In a manufacturing organization, the supply chain is a key value chain whose primary activities include all of the following EXCEPT: a. inbound logistics *b. finance and accounting c. marketing and sales d. customer service 34. The idea of _____ is a form of innovation that constantly seeks ways to im prove business processes and add value to products and services. a. reengineering b. process redesign c. disruptive change *d. continuous improvement 35. The performance levels of radically new 'high -tech' products usually improve with newer versi ons. Such types of products are known as a. sustaining innovations b. continuous improvement *c. disruptive innovations d. business reengineering 36. Which of the following theories explains how a new idea or product gains acceptance a nd spreads through a specific population or subset of an organization? *a. diffusion of innovation theory b. contingency theory c. public choice theory d. two-factor theory 37. In a supply chain, _____ involve the transformation, movement, and sto rage of sup plies and raw materials. a. virtual flows b. matrix flows c. information flows *d. physical flows 38. _____ is a visa program that allows skilled employees from foreign lands into the United States. a. L-1B *b. H-1B c. 4F d. G-5 39. _____ a re responsible for running and maintaining information system equipment and also for scheduling, hardware maintenance, and preparing input and output. a. Data -entry operators *b. System operators c. Web operators d. Local area network ope rators 40. _____ encompasses all the activities required to get the right product into the right consumer’s hands in the right quantity at the right time and at the right cost, from acquisition of raw materials through customer delivery. *a. Supply chain manag ement b. Value chain management c. Inventory management d. Customer management 41. Suppose you are assigned to manage a virtual team. Which of the following will you NOT do? a. define goals, and set expectations b. be aware of team mem bers cultur al sensitivity c. ensure the team members are familiar with each other at a personal level *d. hold team meetings regularly - whether the team members like it or not 42. Suppose, you need to advise someone about getting a certification. Which of the following will be appropriate advice? a. Getting certification is a sure way of improving your income *b. Certifications are vendor -specific c. Certifications are the same as courses offered at universities d. You need a college degree befo re you can take a certification exam 43. All of the following are positive driving forces that influence chance according to Lewin's Theory of Force Field Analysis, EXCEPT: a. beliefs *b. past performance c. expectations d. cultural norms 44. Accordin g to the diffusion innovation theory, _____ are the risk takers, always the first to try new products and ideas. a. early majority b. late majority c. early adopter s *d. innovators 45. Which of the following is NOT one of the four main componen ts in Leavitt's Diamond? a. people *b. systems c. tasks d. technology 46. Positive outcomes of continuous improvement include ________. a. increased custo mer loyalty b. increased customer satisfaction c. protection against competitors *d. all of these 47. According to Lewin and Schein's 3 -stage model of organizational change, which of the following tasks would be found in the 'unfreezing' stage? a. Monitor progress against success criteria b. Establish controls to ensure change i s occurring c. Establish processes and systems to institutionalize change *d. Assign leaders and implementation team 48. Suppose you work at a business unit that ha s group of people who would rather wait to try a new technique. They listen to and fo llow the opinion leaders. They would be classified as the _________. a. innovators b. early adopters *c. early majority d. late majority 49. You might be an inf ormation systems worker if you _________. a. prefer a slow -paced environment, where technology rarely changes b. prefer to work only on the computer and are not interested in the business *c. enjoy learning new techniques and enjoy working with people d. are good in book -keeping, like an accountant 50. In most large organizations, the IS department is divided into the following functions __________. a. operations and development *b. operations, development, and support c. operations and sup port d. systems, operations, and development 51. Important functions of the chief information officer include a. employing an IS department's equipment and staff to help the organization reach its goals b. monitoring the financial considerations o f the IS department, such as return on investment c. ensuring the organization compli es with laws and regulations *d. all of these 52. In a large IS organization, the professional who is responsible for maintaining the security and integrity of the organization's systems and data is__________. a. the data center manager b. the d ata security manager c. the system security operator *d. the information systems security analyst 53. Which of the following is NOT a task typically associated wi th the systems analyst role? a. conveying system requirements to software developer s and network architects b. troubleshooting problems after implementation *c. collaborating with others to build a software product from scratch d. choosing and con figuring hardware and software 54. One method an IS professional might use to find a new job would be ____________. a. seeking referrals from colleagues, friends, and family members b. searching and applying for open positions on Internet job site s c. networking through an IS professionals' organization *d. all of these 55. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of a computer -based information system? a. collect data b. store data *c. apply data d. process data 56. Calligraph Publishing Inc.'s information system allows its customers to access the syst em to retrieve information on new releases, inventory levels, and more. This must be a ______. a. personal IS b. group IS *c. enterprise IS d. none of these ans wers 57. _____ is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and the w ays that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision. Correct Answer(s): a. Knowledge 58. For each type of IS (personal, group, ent erprise), there are _____ that must be in place to ensure successful implementation an d use of the system. Correct Answer(s): a. organizational complements 59. An information system that improves the productivity of individual users in performing stand-alone tasks is called a(n) _____. Correct Answer(s): a. personal IS 60. A manuf acturing facility has a series of activities that converts the raw materials into valuable products. Such a series of activities make up the organization's _______ chain . Correct Answer(s): a. value 61. A(n) _____ is a group of individuals whose membe rs are distributed geographically, but who collaborate and complete work through the use of information systems technology. Correct Answer(s): a. virtual team 62. In any organization, ______ such as raw materials, labor, facilities, equipment, and knowledge, are needed to transform them to outputs in a way that increases the input's value. Correct Answer(s): a. inputs 63. The radical redesign of business processe s, organizational structures, information systems, and values of an organization to ac hieve a breakthrough in business results is known as _____. Correct Answer(s): a. reengineering 64. _____ is a theory that proposes that every organizational system i s made up of four main components —people, tasks, structure, and technology —with an int eraction among the four components so that any change in one of these elements will necessitate a change in the other three elements. Correct Answer(s): a. Leavitt&#821 7;s diamond 65. The attitude towards using an information system depends on its perceived ease -of-use and perceived _______. Correct Answer(s): a. usefulness 66. In the technology acceptance model (TAM), _____ is defined as the degree to which individuals believe that use of the system will improve their performance. Correct Answ er(s): a. perceived usefulness 67. Sarah, as the head of a business division, wants to set up a network access account for a new employee. She should call the _____ t o get this done. Correct Answer(s): a. LAN administrator or b. Network administrator 68. A(n) _____ is a professional in a developmental group of an information systems department who assists in choosing and configuring hardware and software, matchin g technology to users’ needs, monitoring and testing the system in operation, and trou bleshooting problems after implementation. Correct Answer(s): a. systems analyst 69. _____ design and set up databases to meet an organization’s needs. Correct Answer(s): a. Database administrators b. DBAs c. database administrators 70. The _____ group of a typical information systems organization is responsible for the day -to- day run ning of IS hardware to process the organization’s information systems workload. Correct Answer(s): a. operations 71. _____ convert a program design developed by a systems analyst or software developer using one of many computer languages. Correct An swer(s): a. Programmers b. programmers 72. _____ is a process for testing skills and knowledge, which results in a statement by the certifying authority that confi rms an individual is capable of performing particular tasks. Correct Answer(s): a. Certi fication b. certification 73. Process redesign, which is also known as _____, involves the radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, infor mation systems, and values. Correct Answer(s): a. business process reengineering 74. "Kaizen" is the Japanese word for _________. Correct Answer(s): a. continuous improvement 75. The ________ theory was developed by E.M. Rogers to explain how a new idea or product gains acceptance and diffuses (or spreads) through a specific populat ion or subset of an organization. Correct Answer(s): a. diffusion of innovation 76. The first stage of Lewin's change model, _____, means ceasing old habits and creating a climate that is receptive to change. Correct Answer(s): a. unfreezing 77. According to Leavitt's theory, _______ in one aspect of the information system element will necessitate changes in other elements also. Correct Answer(s): a. change 78. Laptops are a good example of _____ because they are gradually displacing desktop computers due to new and better performance characteristics. Correct Answer(s): a. disruptive innovation 79. Of the five categories of innovation adopters, ____ ___ are always the first to try new products and ideas. Correct Answer(s): a. innovator s 80. ________ is the term used to describe the information systems and solutions built and deployed by departments other than the information systems department. Correct Answer(s): a. Shadow IT b. shadow IT c. Shadow Information Technology d. shadow information technology 81. Briefly distinguish among data, information, and knowledge. Correct Answer: Data consists of raw facts, such as employee number or to tal hours worked in a week, an inventory part number, or the number of units produced on a production line.Information is a collection of facts organized and processed so that they have additional value beyond the value of individual facts. For example, a sales manager may want individual sales data summarized to see the total sales for the month. Providing information to customers can also help companies increase revenues and profits. Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decisi on. Having knowledge means understanding relationships in information. 82. Define the term value chain and briefly discuss the purpose of the supply chain component in a manufacturing organization. Correct Answer: The value chain is a series (chain) of activities that an organization performs to transform inputs into outputs in such a way that the value of the input is increased. In a manufacturing organization, the supply chain is a key value chain whose primary activities include inbound logistics, ope rations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. These primary activities are directly concerned with the creation and/or delivery of the product or ser vice. There are also four main areas of support activities, including technology infrastru cture, human resource management, accounting and finance, and procurement. 83. Explain the difference between sustaining and disruptive innovation. Correct Answe r: Sustaining innovation results in enhancements to existing products, services, and ways of operating. Such innovations are important as they enable an organization to continually increase profits, lower costs, and gain market share. A disruptive innovati on is one that initially provides a lower level of performance than the marketplace has gr own to accept. Over time, however, the disruptive innovation is improved to provide some new performance characteristics and becomes more attractive to users in a new market. As it continues to improve and begins to provide a higher level of performance, i t eventually displaces the former product or way of doing things. 84. Discuss the roles, functions, and careers in information systems (IS). Correct Answer: Information systems (IS) offer many exciting and rewarding careers. Professionals with careers in information systems can work in an IS department or outside a traditional IS department as Web developers, computer programmers, systems analysts, computer operat ors, and many other positions. There are also opportunities for IS professionals in the pu blic sector. In addition to technical skills, IS professionals need skills in written and verbal communication, an understanding of organizations and the way they ope rate, and the ability to work with people and in groups. Most medium to large organization s manage information resources through an IS department. In smaller businesses, one or more people might manage information resources, with support from outsourced se rvices. 85. Describe both of Lewin's theories —change model and force field analysis —and explain how they are related. Correct Answer: Lewin's change model proposes that organizational change goes through three stages: Unfreezing, which means ceasing old habits and creating a climate that is receptive to change; moving, which involves lear ning new work methods, behaviors, and systems; and refreezing, which involves reinforcing changes to make the new process accepted. Lewin went on to identify two type s of forces that can influence these stages, which are explained in his theory of force fi eld analysis. Driving (positive) forces are beliefs, expectations, and cultural norms that encourage change, while restraining (negative) forces make change difficult to accept or implement. Chapter 2 1. Each central processing unit (CPU) produces a series of electronic pulses at a predetermined rate, called the clock speed, which affects machine cycle time. *a. True b. False 2. RAM stands for random access memory; a form of memory that holds its contents even if the current is turned off or disrupted. a. True *b. False 3. You have lots of images on your hard drive totaling 500 million bytes. A 2 Gigabyte storage device will be adequate to store those photos *a. True b. False 4. Massively parallel processing systems are a form of multiprocessing that speeds processing by linking hundreds or thousands of processors to operate at the same time. *a. True b. False 5. Secondary storage can store large amounts of data, instru ctions, and information more permanently than allowed with main memory. *a. True b. False 6. Virtual tape technology can decrease data access time, lower the total cost of ownership, and reduce the amount of floor space consumed by tape operations. *a. True b. False 7. In a typical computer configuration, secondary storage has a much larger capacity than the volatile random access memory. *a. True b. False 8. Solid state storage devices (SSDs) store data in hard disk drives or optical media rather tha n memory chips. a. True *b. False 9. A liquid crystal display (LCD) functions by exciting organic compounds with electric current to produce bright and sharp images. a. True *b. False 10. Bioprinting, which uses 3D printers to build human parts and organs from actual human cells, is widely considered to be unethical. a. True *b. False 11. When dealing with large multinational or global organizations, vendors often sell their software programs to the organizations but then outsou rce the tec hnical support to local, third -party distributors. *a. True b. False 12. The need for additional data storage capacity is one of the factors driving the growth in data centers. *a. True b. False 13. Thin client computers are a type of portable s ingle-user computers. a. True *b. False 14. As the difference among computer manufacturers in the areas of price and performance narrows, support for green computing is emerging as a new business strategy for these companies to distinguish themselves from the competition. *a. True b. False 15. The scope of green computing is limited to the efficient and environmentally responsible design and manufacture of all types of computers. a. True *b. False 16. Some smartphones allow you to take not es and to "write" emails or text messages by speaking into the phone . These are examples of speech - recognition technology. *a. True b. False 17. Depending on the brand of tablet you purchase, you may be able to enter data by typing on a k eyboard, wr iting on the screen with a stylus, or speaking into the tablet's microphone. *a. True b. False 18. An operating system is a set of programs that controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface with applications. *a. True b. False 19. The operating system converts a basic user request into the set of detailed instructions that the computer hardware requires, thus acting as an intermediary between the application and the hardware. *a. True b. False 20. The operating system ’s applicat ion programming interface (API) provides software developers with tools they use to build application software without needing to understand the inner workings of the operating system and hardware. *a. True b. False 21. A command -based use r interface employs icons and menus that people use to send commands to the computer system. a. True *b. False 22. Most operating systems support virtual memory which allocates space on the hard disk to supplement the immediate, functional memory capacity of RA M. *a. True b. False 23. If 10 users can run programs at the same time on the same computer, it is known as multi -tasking. a. True *b. False 24. Your friend has a Mac that runs OS X. If she needs to run a Windows app on it, she can s et it to ru n Windows also. *a. True b. False 25. Corporate executives often object to the use of open -source software because it lacks formal technical support, even though information and solutions regarding the software are usually readily availabl e online. *a. True b. False 26. An embedded system is a computer system that is implanted in and dedicated to the control of another device. *a. True b. False 27. Utility programs help to perform maintenance, correct problems, merge and sort se ts of data, keep track of computer jobs, and compress data files. *a. True b. False 28. The primary function of application software is to apply the power of the computer to enable people, workgroups, and the entire enterprise to solve problems and p erform spec ific tasks. *a. True b. False 29. Proprietary software is mass -produced by software vendors to address needs that are common across businesses, organizations, or individuals. a. True *b. False 30. Software as a Service (SaaS) allows businesses to subscribe to Web - delivered business application software by paying a monthly service charge or a per use fee. *a. True b. False 31. Software as a Service (SaaS) refers to the use of computing resources, including software and data stora ge, on the Internet rather than local computers. a. True *b. False 32. A software suite is a collection of programs packaged together as a bundle and typically includes a word processor, spreadsheet program, graphics program, and more. *a. True b. False 33. Suppose your friend, who is a small business owner, wants to computerize her business functions such as accounting, payroll, and inventory management. She would need to purchase separate software to meet each functional requirement. a. True *b. Fals e 34. Each programming language has a set of rules, called the program code of the language. a. True *b. False 35. A single computer can be used by a single user or by multiple, simultaneous users. *a. True b. False 36. An exampl e of a comm on hardware function performed by the operating system is presenting information on a monitor or printer. *a. True b. False 37. Operating systems provide a measure of security by allowing users to access to those resources they've been cl eared to us e as well as other users' resources if those resources are beneficial. a. True *b. False 38. Utility programs are used to perform system maintenance, such as repairing errors on a hard drive, improving system security, and optimizing slugg ish system processes. *a. True b. False 39. If a large organization wants software that will benefit the entire organization —what's known as enterprise application software —the organization must develop it specifically for the business in order to get the func tionality required. a. True *b. False 40. The use of virtual servers is growing rapidly because virtualization can save millions of dollars per year in capital and operating expenses. *a. True b. False 41. Software can be divided into two typ es: operating software and application software. a. True *b. False 42. Software that allows an individual to create a to -do list, take notes, and organize tasks in a database would be classified as having a personal sphere of influence. *a. True b. False 43. A _____ is a climate -and-access -controlled building or a set of buildings that houses the computer hardware that delivers an organization’s data and information services. a. data mart b. data warehouse *c. data center d. data mine 44. A type of memory whose contents are not lost if the power is turned off or interrupted is said to be _____. a. unarbitrary *b. nonvolatile c. inaccessible d. nonadjacent 45. _____ is the use of a collection of computers, often owned by many p eople or different organizations, to work in a coordinated manner to solve a common problem. a. Cloud computing *b. Grid computing c. Parallel computing d. Web computing 46. _____ is a program concerned with the efficient and environmentally respon sible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of IS -related products. *a. Green computing b. Grid computing c. Cloud computing d. Utility computing 47. The component of a computer that provides the CPU with a working storage area for program i nstructions and data is called the __________. *a. main memory b. input/output device c. bus d. processor 48. Carson's supervisor has asked him to review a variety of portable computers for possible purchase for their company's employees. Which of t he following should Carson NOT consider buying? a. laptops b. notebooks *c. nettops d. tablets 49. _____ is a storage technology that is primarily used only for backups. a. Magnetic disk b. Compact disc *c. Magnetic tape d. Cache memory 50. 3D printing is ________. a. printing illusions on paper *b. used to make solid products c. for kids to play with d. the same as 2D printing 51. A(n) _____ device provides data and instructions to the computer and receives results from it. a. back-side b. expansion c. internal *d. input/output 52. _____ are used in standardized tests, including the SAT and GMAT tests, and to record votes in elections. a. Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) devices *b. Optical mark recognition (OMR ) systems c. Speech recognition devices d. Optical character recognition (OCR) systems 53. Helen is 72 years old and is a retired school teacher on a fixed income. She would like to buy a new computer so that she can communicate via email, follow frie nds and family on social media, and occasionally access recipes and gardening tips from the Web. An important thing to consider is that Helen has arthritis in her hands, making it difficult for her to work with small buttons and gadgets. So, of the followi ng options, her best choice is probably a(n) ________. a. smartphone b. e-book c. desktop *d. nettop 54. _____ are used to support engineering and technical users who perform heavy mathematical computing, computer -assisted design (CAD), video editin g, and other applications requiring a high-end processor. a. Desktops b. Netbooks *c. Workstations d. Notebooks 55. A _____ is a low -cost, centrally managed computer with no internal or external attached drives for data storage with limited capabili ties. a. nettop computer b. cloud computer *c. thin client d. workstation 56. _____ are the most powerful computers with the fastest processing speed and highest performance. a. Blade servers b. Workstations c. Mainframe computers *d. Supercom puters 57. CPU clock speed is the _______________ at a predetermined rate. a. number of instructions processed *b. number of electronic pulses created c. number of files created d. number of memory pages loaded 58. Which of the following types of credit cards is currently diminishing in popularity and being replaced by the other three types? *a. magnetic stripe b. chip card c. smart card d. contactless payment card 59. Which of the following is NOT an example of a common use of a po int-of-sale (POS) device? a. A server in a restaurant uses a POS to communicate a diner's order to the kitchen. b. A nurse in a hospital uses a POS to enter a patient's vital signs into his records. c. A barrista in a coffee store uses a POS to reco rd a sale of some bakery items. *d. A teller in a bank uses a POS to withdraw money for a customer. 60. An information system that operates in the _____ sphere of influence supports two or more people who work together to achieve a common goal. a. personal *b. workgroup c. enterprise d. social 61. An operating system with _____ capabilities allows a user to run more than one program concurrently. a. networking b. hardware independence c. memory management *d. multitasking 62. The _____ is the heart of the operating system and controls its most critical processes. a. user interface b. register *c. kernel d. cache 63. _____ is an open -source operating system whose source code is freely available to everyone. *a. Linux b. Mac OS X c. Chrome d. Unix 64. Which of the following statements is NOT true about a mainframe computer?