(Test Bank) American Law and Legal Systems

Calvi, 8

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1 Test Bank for American Government Political Development and Institutional Change, 10e Cal Jillson (All Chapters) Chapter 1 Test Bank in Word for 10 e Single -Select Multiple Choice Question Answer A B C D A custom, practice, or organization, often embedded in rule of law, is called: ^___.^ b A policy An institution A legal procedure A rule The rule of an elite few for their own interests. d Monarchy Polis Democracy Oligarchy According to Plato, who should rule a properly constituted polis? a A philosopher -king A political science - king The few wisest citizens None of the above Which of these statements accurately defines a type of government according to Aristotle’s typology ? b Aristocracy is a government organized around a few men who are primarily motivated by their narrow private and class interests . Democracy is a government organized around many men who are primarily motivated by the broad public interest . Tyranny is any government that is oppressive to the people . All of the above Before it was an empire, what was ancient Rome? c It was always an empire . It was a democracy . It was a republic . It was a polity . Which theorists made the first and most influential efforts to explain how mixed governments can work in practice? a Polybius and Cicero Socrates and Plato St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas Thomas Hobbes and John Locke 2 According to the Pro and Con section, which of the following was not a characteristic of the “Athenian democracy?” b The people met in the Assembly to discuss and decide major issues A deep respect for the individual rights and liberties of all city residents Slaves and resident aliens (three -fifths of the population) were denied citizenship All citizens were given one vote in the Assembly What is the temporal world? c The world of the sacred The world of the politically powerful The world of peoples and nations and human history The otherworldly Who wrote that, without an all- powerful monarch, human beings will fall into a war of all against all in which life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” c Niccolo Machiavelli John Calvin Thomas Hobbes John Locke Who was the founder of the Protestant Reformation? c Martin Luther King, Jr. Thomas Hobbes Martin Luther John Winthrop In addition to social contract theory, what are two other concepts taken from classical liberalism that influenced the Founding generation? c Nothing else was take n There is nothing besides social contract theory in classical liberalism Separation of powers and free markets Unlimited, immoderate constitutional regime s Who were the Pilgrims? b Wealthy English Puritans who settled in the South in order to avoid religious persecution in the home country Middling English Puritans who settled in New England in order to avoid religious persecution in the home country Wealthy English Anglicans who settled in the South in order to develop it economically Middling Engli sh Anglicans who settled in the Mid -Atlantic in order to develop it economically and in some cases to avoid religious persecution in the home country In the population of the American colonies in 1765, which ethnic group was the largest? a The English The Irish The Germans The Dutch What drove the idea behind the notion that the Americans had “space” for dissent? d The orthodox did not feel the need to destroy the unorthodox Banishment was an accepted form of punishment The vastness of the land allowed for pockets of acceptability All of the above 3 interspersed between places of orthodoxy What was political participation like in the early colonies? a It was very democratic in nature It was oligarchic but still modestly democratic in nature It was oligarchic and hence not very democratic at all in nature It was aristocratic and hence not very democratic at all in nature Which of the statements below accurately describes differences between the populations in British colonies and those in French Canadian colonies? c The British colonials were more heterogeneous regarding religion, language, ethnicity but were fewer in numbers overall The British colonials were less heterogeneous regarding religion, language, and ethnicity and were larger in numbers overall The British colonials were more heterogeneous regarding religion, language, and ethnicity and were larger in numbers overall None of the above To what area of social life did Adam Smith most extensively apply the principles of classical liberalism? c Law Government and politics The economy Culture Which Enlightenment thinker argued the earliest and most influentially that science and discovery worked for the eternal benefit of society? d Hobbes Machiavelli Montesquieu Bacon How did St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas differ from the ancients and how did this impact the Founding generation? a They privileged the role of the sacred over the secular and this served as a negative example for the Founding generation They privileged the role of the secular over the sacred and this served as a positive example for the Founding generation They privileged the role of the national over sub -national governments and this served as a positive example for the Founding generation They privileged th e role of the sub -national over the national government and this served as a negative example for the Founding generation When did the concept of individualism find its brightest moment and what form did it take? c At the Constitutional Convention and in the form of At the Magna Carta and in the form of the Barony At the American Revolution and in the form of the idea that At the English Revolution and in t he form of religious tolerance 4 separation of powers freedom has its own order and structure What lesson did the Founding Fathers learn from Polybius and Cicero? b Mixed constitutions should be avoided Mixed constitutions should be embraced because they balance the interests of the rich and the poor Mixed constituti ons should be embraced because they serve the interests of the middle classes Mixed constitutions should be avoided because monarchy is clearly the best way to govern a republic Who normally rules in aristocracies and oligarchies? b The poor The rich The middle class None of the above How does the textbook author define the word “institution?” c A place where official government business is conducted The formal and informal rules that set the parameters within which “the game of politics” is played A custom, practice, or organization, usually embedded in rules and law, that defines and structures social and political activity None of the above What is meant by American political development (APD)? a The study of development and change in Amer ican political processes, institutions, and policies over time The study of America’s democratic development in comparison to the development of other democracies around the world The thesis that American government has become much more political over time , thus reducing its capacity to solve the problems that affect the lives of ordinary Americans None of the above What did the ancients mean by “democracy?” b They thought it was equivalent to “mob rule” Rule by the people in the interest of the entire community Rule by the people in their own self -interest They thought it was equivalent to “free government” What is meant by “classical republicanism?” c A mixed state in which monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic A for m of popular government that relies on elected representatives instead of direct A set of ideas that emphasizes concern for the common good over the self -interest of individuals A set of ideas that emphasizes the importance of limited government and individual rights 5 principles are combined democratic governance What differentiates a monarchy from a tyranny? d The source of their legitimacy, with monarchies being based on the will of God and tyrannies being based on the will of the ruler The source of their legitimacy, with monarchies being based on the will of the people or of God and tyrannies being based on neither The purpose of government, with monarchies having bad motives and tyrannies having good ones The purposes of government with monarchies having good motives and tyrannies having bad ones Name two philosophers associated with social contract theory b Locke and Smith Locke and Hobbes Polybius and Machiavelli Rorty and Rawls What two concepts does classical liberalism favor? b Large government and aggregate rights Limited government and individual rights Large government and individual rights Limited government and aggregate rights What was the dominant American political and social ideology in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? b Social Democracy Classical Liberalism Classical Republicanism Corporatist Capitalism Which of the following are characteristics of American colonial settlement that influenced American political development? d Space for dissent and economic opportunity Social fl uidity and heterogeneity Equality and tolerance All of the above John Locke was a “giant” during which stage of the Western intellectual tradition? b The Ancient World Modernity The Middle Ages The Renaissance Which of these statements most accurately describes democratic political participation in the early colonies? d In New England colonies, most white men were allowed to actively participate in local democratic governance In southern colonies, most white men were allowed to actively parti cipate in local democratic governance In all colonies, most white men were allowed to actively participate in local democratic governance In all of the colonies, active participation in governance was limited to a few white men 6 What was the official relig ion of the British colonies in North America? a There was no single official religion throughout all of the British colonies Puritanism Anglican Catholicism What is a polis? a Greek term for political community on the scale of a city Latin term for political community on the scale of a city Greek term for political community on the scale of a state Latin term for political community on the scale of a country What is an aristocracy? c Rule by the many in the interest of the entire community Rule of t he few in their own self - interest Rule by the few in the interest of the entire community Both of the first two options What did Aristotle mean by a “polity?” a A political community in which the institutions of oligarchy and democracy were mixed to produce political stability A political community that is no larger than a city unless part of a confederacy The worst possible form of government None of the above What does secular mean? c Religious Otherworldly Non -religious Selfish Who is the legitimate source of political authority, according to the idea of individualism? d The powerful The rich The divine The people What is social contract theory? a An argument that the legitimate origin of government is in the agreement of a free people An argument that the legitimate origin of government rests with the “divine right of kings” An argument that the non-legitimate origin of government is in the agreement of a free people An argument that power rests exclusively with those best suited to exercise it 7 Which one of the following pairs contains giants from the Protestant Reformation? c Niccolò Machiavelli and Montesquieu Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes Martin Luther and John Calvin St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas The Preamble to the ^___^ provides a summary statement of the document’s principles and purposes. c Declaration of Independence Articles of Federation U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights Which one of the following phrases is found in the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution? b life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity indivisible, with liberty and justice for all nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Chu rch was the only institution operating throughout Europe. Consequently, its principles and priorities were ^___^. a religious rather than secular secular rather than religious both secular and religious neither religious nor secular Which of the following phrases best describes “direct democracy” by those who doubted its viability? d the respect of parents by children the love of flowers by gardeners the adoration of poetry by poets the worship of jackals by jackasses John Locke thought that the ^___^ ushered in an era in which government would be based on deliberation and free choice. b American Revolution Glorious Revolution French Revolution Bolshevik Revolution Multiple -Select Multiple Choice The Middle Ages began with the collapse of the ^___^ and ended with the beginnings of the ^___^. c, a early modern Europe Renaissance Roman Empire Greek Empire 8 John Locke thought that the Glorious Revolution ushered in an era of ^___^ in which government would be based on ^___^. d, a deliberation and free choice dissention and chaos decrees and autocracy peace and progress True -False A Republic combines principles from monarchy, aristocracy and democracy. TRUE Secularism refers to the division of religious groups according to differences in theological interpretations of the Bible. FALSE The Puritans of early Massachusetts shared many ideas about politics with medieval Europeans. TRUE Montesquieu argued that circumstance and a nation's people should be considered when decided what sort of government is most useful and effective for a society. TRUE French Canadian settlements were gene rally larger and more linguistically diverse than their British counterparts. FALSE Adam Smith and John Locke were British intellectuals that influenced American thought. TRUE The principles of equality and tolerance were central to early American social thinking because these principles were central to the doctrines of most of the major religious traditions in North America at the time. FALSE The concept of individual rights is central to the ideas of individualism and classical liberalis m? TRUE According to the Pro and Con section, democracy is always good. FALSE 9 The principles of equality and tolerance were inherent among the religious traditions of most of the colonial settlers in America. FALSE According to the Let’s Compare section, all settlements in North America during colonial times followed similar patterns. FALSE A modern definition of "democracy" would include reliance on free elections to select public officials and to affect the direction of public policy. TRUE Today, hot -button issues like illegal immigration, fake news, or Russian belligerence are arising for the first time. FALSE With the collapse of the Roman state, Europe fell into social, political, and economic disorder. TRUE With the collapse of the Roman state, the Catholic Church was the only institution operating throughout Europe. TRUE In the Middle Ages, Christians believed that God’s Natural Law was imprinted on the mind and heart of man. TRUE Classical liberalism envisioned a society of free men, defining their own goals and pursuing their own interests, under the rule of law. TRUE Open Contrast the purposes of government for the ancients and the moderns. What elements of Greek and Roman political thought did early Americans adopt? How have Individualism and secularism contributed to the development of the American government? In what major ways did diversity impact American colonial development? 10 Do you believe that the social contract is a pract ical reality or only an abstract idea? Support your answer with concrete examples. Would Montesquieu support the spread of democracy across the globe? Why or why not? Contrast the six basic types of government as laid out by Aristotle. Then, describe his preferred complex (or mixed) regime. Why did he think this regime could be more stable than any of the basic types? What does the notion that there was a natural “openness” of America entail? As completely yet succinctly as possible, discus s the major concepts associated with classical liberalism. In deciding how to form and establish government in America, were the Founding Fathers influenced more by the ideas of mediev al thinkers, such as Aquinas, or of Ancient thinkers, such as Plato and Aristotle? What role, if any, did religion play in the colonial settlement of America? In no more than two sentences, briefly describe the most important (negative) lesson that colonial Americans learned from the medieval period. In no more than one sentence, list and/or describe the important political idea that Aristotle and Polybius both endorsed. In one or two sentences, describe how Martin Luther and John Calvin viewed religious and political hierarchy. Do you believe that the Preamble to t he U.S. Constitution is as evidence that America was exceptional from its founding? Why or why not? Discuss the values of classical liberalism and their relationship to rule of law. 1 Chapter 2 Test Bank in Word for 10 e Single -Select Multiple Choice Question Answer A B C D An uprising that convinced Americans to support a stronger national government. b Boston Massacre Shay s's Rebellion Boston Tea Party The Second Constitutional Convention The written constitution was first developed ^___^. c in the writings of John Locke in Scotland in the United States in France The assignment of legislative, executive and judicial powers to differen t institutions is an example of ^___^. d Federalism Checks and Balances Bicameralism Separation of Powers What was the most important consequence of the Seven Years War (aka the French and Indian War) with respect to American political development? b It increased the French as a threat to the British colonies in North America It ended the French as a threat to the British colonies in North America . It instantiated Spain as a threat to the British colonies in North America . It indebted th e French to American financiers . Did the decision to declare independence from Great Britain happen immediately or did it develop gradually? a Gradually Immediately Combination of the two None of the above During the “critical period,” what major events occurred that spurred the calling of the Constitutional Convention? c The Revolutionary War and Northwest Ordinance The ratification of the Articles of Confederation and the Battle of Yorktown The Annapolis Convention and Shay s’s Rebellion None of t he above 2 From what class of society did the Delegates at the Constitutional Convention come and was this representative of the average American? b Social, economic, and political elites who were representative of the average American Social, economic, and political elites who were not representative of the average American Social, economic, and political masses who were representative of the average American Social, economic, but not political elites who were not representative of the average American How does a representative government differ from a direct democracy? c It doesn’t In a representative government the people rule directly In a representative government the people elect representative(s) to conduct the business of government In a representative government the people elect a tyrant to rule on their behalf during times of extended crisis What does bicameralism mean? b That the executive branch will exist in a plural form That the legislative branch will exist in a dual chamber form That the judicial branch will exist under the conditions of “dual sovereignty” That the structure of the government will be conditioned by “dual federalism” What was purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution? a To declare the Constitution a n act of the sovereign people (rather than of sovereign states) and to explicate the goals of the proposed government To declare the Constitution an act of sovereign states (rather than the sovereign people) and to explicate the goals of the proposed gover nment To declare the Constitution an act of the sovereign people (rather than of sovereign states) and to explicate the means the government will use for realizing its goals To declare the Constitution an act of sovereign states (rather than the sovereign people) and to explicate the means the government will use for realizing its goals Which plan that was proposed as a model for the Constitution called for a unicameral legislature with equality of representation? b The Virginia Plan The New Jersey plan The Connecticut plan None of the above 3 In the Electoral College, what formula was utilized to set the number of electors? b Equivalent to the number of members of Congress with equality of representation as derived from the House and proportionality of representation as derived from the Senate Equivalent to the number of members of Congress with equality of representation as derived from the Senate and proportionality of representation as derived from the House Equivalent to the number of members of the Supreme Court to ensure an absolute in-direct representation among the electors Equivalent to the number of members of the Senate but not the House to ensure an absolute equality in representation among the electors In what sense did the or iginal Bill of Rights protect rights and liberties? a It protected individual rights and liberties from actions by the national government It protected state rights and liberties from the actions of the nati onal government and other state governments It protected individual rights and liberties from actions taken by the state governments All of the above In the struggle to ratify the Constitution, how did the Federalists defend their argument that a Bill of Rights was unnecessary? b They didn’t; they supported the ratification of the Constitution By using the “reserved powers theory,” they said that powers not expressly granted to the national government by the federal Constitution would be retained by the people and the states By using the “reserved powers theory,” that said that powers not given to the national government would be left in reserve for future consideration By using “social contract theory,” that said that popular agreement was necessary for the constitution of government 4 Which of these statements accurately describes the proposal and ratification of the Bill of Rights? a It was proposed by the first Federal Congress and ratified by the state legislatures in 1791 It was proposed with the original Constitution in 1787, but it was ratified separately (in 1789) according to the wishes of the Anti-Federalists It was proposed by the second Constitutional Convention in 1790 and approved by state ratification conventions in 1790 -1 None of the above statements are accurate In what context does the phrase “advice and consent” appear in the Constitution? d In the preamble, where it is declared that the U.S. government is a system of “rule according to the advice and consent of the people” The requirement that the President may commit troops into combat “only with the advice and consent of the House of Representatives” The requirement that the Congress “may declare war only with the advice and consent of the President” None of the above Which of the following was NOT a provision or characteris tic of the Virginia plan? c Based on popular sovereignty Bicameralism Strictly enumerated federal legislative powers Broad federal judicial powers In a so -called “representative government,” who conducts the business of government? a Representatives elected by the people All citizens who are subjected to the laws passed by government An unelected group or individual who claims to rule on behalf of the people None of the above 5 What is the “take care clause?” d The clause in Article I, section 10, of the Constitution that says Congress must “take care that its enumerated powers be not used in betrayal of the public trust” The clause in Article II, section 1, of the Constitution that says the Supreme Court shall “take care that the Constitution and rule of law be upheld” The clause in Article III, section 1, of the Constitution that says the President shall “take care to preserve the Constitution and security of the nation” The clause in Article II, section 3, of the Constitution tha t says the President shall “take care that the laws be faithfully executed” In the struggle for ratification of the Constitution, which side opposed ratification? b The Federalists The Anti -Federalists The Democratic - Republicans The Loyalists To which branch of government does the necessary and proper clause apply? a The Congress The Presidency The Supreme Court All of the above Which section of the U.S. Constitution lists the so -called “enumerated powers?” c Article III, section 6 Article II, se ction 3 Article I, section 8 None of the above What is federalism? c A form of government where powers are divided between national and international governments A form of government where powers are strictly divided between national and lower levels of government A form of government where some powers are assigned to a national government, some are assigned to lower levels of government, and some are exercised concurrently by both levels of government A form of government where powers are concentrated at the national level 6 Which of the following is an institutional check on power that violates the pure principle of separation of powers? a Executive veto of legislative acts Federalism Bicameralism None of the above What impact did Shay s’s Rebellion have on public opinion during the “Critical Period?” d It convinced many that the states required more power in order to check the power of the central government It convinced many that the U.S. Constitution was in need of amendment It convinced many that the United States was going to win independence in the Revolutionary War It convinced many that the states were unstable and that a stronger national government was needed What is the Philadelphia or Federal Convention also referred to as? b The Annapolis Convention The Constitutional Convention The Continental Convention The state Convention Why was the Annapolis Convention of 1786 held? a To discuss problems related to interstate commerce To discuss problems arising out of foreign policy security dilemmas To discuss problems arising out of state diplomatic relations with Indian tribes To discuss reconciliation with the British Empire What was the Confederation Congress? c The national government created by the Constitution The executive branch component of the national government during the Revolutionary War The central government created by the Articles of Confederation The central government established by the Confederate Constitution Who is widely regarded as the “Father of the U.S. Constitution?” d James Monroe James Wilson James Buchanan None of the above 7 Which of the following statements accurately describes the process by which the Constitution was ratified? d The Constitution required approval from nine state conventions in order to be ratified and Massachusetts was the ninth state to approve The Constitution required approval from all thirteen state conventions in order to be ratified and Rhode Island was the thirteenth state to approve The Constitution required approval from ten state conventions in order to be ratified and New York was the tenth state to approve None of the above is accurate Which of the following statements most accurately describes the growth of democracy in the world over the past 1 80 years? b In 1900, about 10 percent of the world’s countries were democratic; in 1975, just over 50 percent of countries were democratic; and in 2008, about 75 percent of countries were democratic. In each period between 1820 and 1990, the vast majority of the world’s countries were not democratic. In 2008, however, a sizeable majority of countries were democratic. In each period prior to 1950, the vast majority of the world’s countries were not democratic. From 1950 to 1975, the proportion of countries that were democratic increased to about 60 percent. Since then, however, the proportion of countries that were democratic has declined, and in 2008 it was around 45 percent. None of the above 8 Which of the following statements accurately delineates the branches of government established by the first three Articles of the Constitution? c Article I established the executive branch, Article II established the legislative branch, and Article III established the judicial branch Article I establ ished the executive branch, Article II established the judicial branch, and Article III established the legislative branch Article I established the legislative branch, Article II established the executive branch, and Article III established the judicial b ranch None of the above Which of the following was not a political principle or institutional arrangement that was supported by most of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention? a Strong unitary national executive Limited government and the idea of a written constitution Representative government Separation of powers What document served as the country’s “first” constitution? c The Confederate Constitution The U.S. Constitution The Articles of Confederation The Declaration of Independence Which political philosopher (and idea) had the strongest impact on the theory expressed in the Declaration of Independence? a Locke and his idea of natural rights Montesquieu and his idea about the separation of powers Blackstone and his notion of legislat ive sovereignty Hobbes and his idea of a social compact Which Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence? a The second The first The third The fourth What did the Declaratory Act of 1766 state regarding the authority of the British King and Parliament over the colonies? a Their power to make laws binding on the colonies in America was absolute Their power to make laws binding on the colonies in America was subject to colonial review Their power to make laws binding on the colonies in America was subject to international arbitration Their power to make laws binding on the colonies in Africa was absolute 9 The Intolerable Acts were passed by the British parliament in response to what event? b The start of the American Revolution The Boston Tea Party The start of the War of 1812 The Stamp Act Congress of 1765 Why did the British impose the Stamp Act in 1765 and the Sugar Act in 1764? c To offset colonial revolutionary ambitions To raise revenue for waging a planned war with France To raise revenues to pay off the debts incurred in the Seven Years War To re -distribute wealth from the home country back to the colonies Between 1700 and the start of the American Revolution, what did the population of the colonies do every twenty years? c It tripled It stayed approximately the same It doubled It decreased exponentially Frustrations with the Confederation Congress included which of the following: d Inability to secure unanimous consent of the states to amend the Articles of Confede ration. Equality of votes between the large states and the small states. Failure to resolve commercial disputes among the states. All of the above. Which of the following is not a “Con” position regarding those who were opposed to enacting a Bill of Rights? c The Constitution’s structure already protects rights. Some rights might be left off any list. Protecting some rights is better than none. Powers not granted cannot be abused. Which one of the following statements is true regarding the Founders respect for or trust of the common people? a Most of the Founders, though not all, respected the common people even if they did not fully trust them. All of the Founders, respected the common people and fully trusted them. Most of the Founders, though not all, did not respect the common people nor trust them. All of the Founders did not respect the common people nor trust them. Which one of the following delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was most skeptical of the people’s ability to c Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton James Madison 10 play a constructive role in government? Which one of the following delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was least skeptical of the people’s ability to play a constructive role in government? b Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton James Madison Which one of the f ollowing delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 held a moderate view of the people’s ability to play a constructive role in government? d Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton James Madison Madison advocated popular election of members of the ^___^. a House of Representatives Senate Supreme Court All of the above In ancient Athens, Plato and Aristotle defined democracy as ^___^. c indirect democracy representative democracy direct democracy guardian democracy Multiple -Select Multiple Choice In all of the constitutions of ^___^ , most power was lodged in the ir ^___^. a, d 1776 1780 governors and upper houses lower house s of the legislature 11 By ^___^ both New York and Massachusetts had adopted new constitutions that re -empowered their ^___^. b, c 1776 1780 governors and upper houses lower houses of the legislature Delegates to the Constitutional Convention representing northern commercial interests were quite determined to shape national ^___^ and ^___^ policy. c, a trade slavery commercial agricultural Despite the ^___^ in the number of democracies in recent years, there has been some ^___^ globally in authoritarian regimes d, a slippage lack of growth lack of slippage growth True -False The intolerable acts were passed by the colonists to expose the unfairness of the British taxation system. FALSE The decla ratory act announced the colonists’ intention to withdraw from the crown's jurisdiction. FALSE The greatest growth in the number of democracies has happened in the last twenty years. TRUE Rhode Island was the last state to ratify the Constitution. TRUE The New Jersey Plan called for a mu ch stronger national government than did the Virginia Plan. FALSE During the colonial period, governors, backed by the power and majesty of the British King and Parliament, ruled the colonies with practically no limitations on their power. FALSE 12 Separation of powers was present in the colonial governments on th e eve of the America Revolution. TRUE The Founders believed that stable government rested on the consent of the governed and that the people could or should govern directly. FALSE On the eve of the Constitutional Convention, some of the governments of the states, at least as colonies, had been in existence for 150 years. TRUE Open What ideas from John Locke appeared in the Declaration of Independence? Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Could they have succeeded with more minor modifications? If you could have only chosen one plan, would you have preferred the New Jersey or Virgin ia plan? Why? Trace the key steps in the constitutional amendment process. Would you have sided with the federalists or anti -federalists? Why? Discuss the separation of powers and checks and balances within the framework provided by the first three articles of the US Constitution. Discuss the debate between the Federalists and the Anti -Federalists over the ratification of the US Constitution. Discuss the Amendment process for the Constitution as laid out in Article V. How is Article I of the Constitution unique relative to Articles II and III? Which plan ultimately served as the most i nfluential model for the Constitution and what were some of its major features? Discuss the Great Compromise as fully yet succinctly as possible. Discuss the relationship between a republican form of government and constitutional democracy. Discuss the Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise; what did the North gain and what did the South gain? 1 Chapter 3 Test Bank in Word for 10 e Single -Select Multiple Choice Question Answer A B C D Powers that belong to all sovereign nations, allowing their executives to take whatever measures necessary to defend a nation or protect its interests. c Implied Powers Natural Rights Inherent powers None of the above. U.S. v. E.C. Knight b Limited Presidential power over state laws. Limited Congress's regulation of interstate commerce to the transportation of goods across state lines. Invalidated the claim that states could withdraw from the Union. Enforced the right of the national government to create unfunded mandates. What did the Supreme Court declare in the case of Dred Scot v. Sanford (1857)? a It said blacks could not become U.S. citizens . It said blacks were not residents. It said slaves were not citizens, but that fre ed slaves could become citizens. It said blacks were not cons titutionally protected property. During the time of “Dual Federalism,” which court was associated with national federalism and which with state federalism? b Taney with national federalism and Marshall with state federalism Taney with state federalism and Marshall with national federalism Rehnquist with state federalism and Warren with natio nal federalism None of the above 2 Does the Constitution guarantee that the federal government has positive obligations to the states? c No. Insofar as the federal government has positive obligations to the states, these developed over time and are not a part of the Constitution . Yes. The federal government has constitutional responsibilities toward the states, such as the Tenth Amendment’s reserved powers clause . Yes. The federal government has constitutional responsibilities toward the states, such as Art icle IV’s guarantee that the states’ republican governments will be protected from invasion and domestic violence . Both of the last two options Has our system always been federally structured, and , if not, what was it originally? c Yes No. I t was originally a unitary system . No. I t was originally a confederal system . None of the above In addition to the globalization of commerce, what are other recent developments that have pushed toward more not l ess national authority? c There are none. Other factors are actually pushing toward more and more state autonomy Activist Supreme Court justices who are increasingly unwilling to follow the original intent of the Founding Fathers Global warming and international terrorism None of the above From the Let’s Compare section, can we infer that there is some basic pattern among federalized countries in the world today? c Yes. F ederalism is selected out of social necessity as given by the high level of eth no- religious diversity within all countries with federal systems . No. C ountries with federal systems can be democratic or monarchical as well as extremely wealthy or extremely poor . No. C ountries with federal systems vary widely in their ethnic and religio us diversity, geographical size, and population . Yes. F ederalism is selected for socio - economic reasons by relatively rich countries that are large in geographic size as well as population . 3 In the Supreme Court decision in U.S. v. Lopez (1995) , what federalism issue was at stake? a The ability of the Congress to regulate interstate commerce as a police power regarding handgun proximity to schools The ability of the Congress to regulate interstate commerce as a police power regarding transport of arms across state boundaries The ability of the Congress to regulate interstate commerce as a police power regarding the imposition of national mandates on racial equality in hiring and promotion procedures within local law enforcement departments The abi lity of the President to utilize executive orders to impose/enforce affirmative action dictates Did Bill Clinton continue the policies of devolution started by Ronald R eagan even though he was a Democrat? a Yes No What was one way in which Reagan “turned off the tap” regarding the growth in federal grants -in-aid and national mandates that had occurred under his immediate predecessors? b Increasing mandates but decreasing grants - in-aid Cutting federal taxes Calling for states and localities to incre ase their tax bases What was increased usage of categorical grants and national mandates referred to derisively as? c Creative federalism Socialist federalism Coercive federalism Confederalism