(Test Bank) Professional Nursing

Black, 9

Nursing

Test Bank

9th Edition

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Test Bank for Professional Nursing, The downloadable file consists of 183 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.71 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

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N U R S I N G T B . C O M Chapter 01: Nursing in Today’s Evolving Health Care Environment Black: Professional Nursing: Concepts & Challenges, 9th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following could eventually change the historical status of nursing as a female -dominated profession? a. More men graduating from baccalaureate and higher degree programs b. The proportion of men in nursing beginning to increase c. More male graduates of basic nursing programs entering the workplace d. Salary compensation increasing to attract more men ANS: C Feedback A “More men graduating from baccalaureate and higher degree programs” is not the best answer because associate degree programs produce the majority of new graduates. B The percentage of men in nursing has increased 50% since 2000. C The more men who enter t he workplace as nurses, the less nursing will be seen as a female -dominated profession. D Salary rates do not appear to relate to the recruitment of men into nursing. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 2. The racial and ethnic composition of the nursing profession will change to more accurately reflect the population as a whole when a. the increased numbers of racial and ethnic minorities enrolled in educational programs graduate and begin to practice. b. the number of Asians or Native Hawaiian -Pacific Islanders begins to increase. c. the percentage of African American and Hispanic nurses decreases more than the percentage of White nurses. d. the non -White portion of the general population decreases. ANS: A Feedback A A larger percentage of minorities are enrolled in nursing educational programs than previously. B Asians and Native Hawaiian -Pacific Islanders are over represented in nursing compared to their percentage of the general population. C Not only would the percentage of African American and Hispanic nurses need to increase, the percentage of White nurses w ould have to decrease in order to more accurately reflect the population as a whole. D The non -White portion of the general population is not likely to decrease. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 3. Which of the following is a correct statement about the registered nurse (RN) population? NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M a. The racial/ethnic composition of RNs closely resembles that of the general population. b. The number of men entering nursing has decreased steadily over the last decade. c. The rate of aging of RNs has slowed for the first time in the past 30 years. d. The majority of employed RNs working full time must work a second position. ANS: C Feedback A The racial/ethnic composition of RNs is increasing, but does not approximate their percentage of the overall population. B The number of men entering nursing is increasing. C The average age of RNs in both 2004 and 2008 was 46. This is a resu lt of the numbers of RNs under 30 in the workforce. D The average age of BSN graduates is 25. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 4. Which of the following best describes trends in nursing education? a. Numbers of RNs with bachelor’s and higher degrees are increasing. b. Numbers of RNs with associate degrees are decreasing. c. Foreign -born nurses practicing in the United States are seen as less knowledgeable because of their lesser educational preparation. d. Numbers of RNs with diploma educations are increasing. ANS: A Feedback A Slightly over 50% of RNs eventually obtain their bachelors of science in nursing (BSN) or a higher nursing degree. B The majority of nurses in this country get their initial nursing education in associate degree in nursing (ADN) programs. C Foreign -born nurses practicing in the United States may be viewed as less knowledgeable by their peers because of language and cultural differences. D The numbers of diploma -educated nurses are declining. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 5. Despite th e variety of work settings available to the RN, data indicate that the primary work site for RNs is a. ambulatory care settings. b. community health settings. c. long-term care facilities. d. acute care hospitals. ANS: D Feedback A Ambulatory care settings account for about 10.5% of RNs’ places of employment. NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M B Public health and community health settings account for 7.8% of employed RNs. C Long -term care facilities account for 5.3% of RNs’ places of employment. D Statistics show that 63.2% of RNs work in acute care hospitals. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 6. One important advantage of clinical ladder programs for hospital -based RNs is that they a. allow career advancement for nurses who choose to remain at the bedside. b. encourage nurses to move into management positions in which they can influence patient c are on a broader scale. c. encourage RNs to become politically active and guide the profession of nursing. d. provide training to staff nurses so they can move seamlessly across departments. ANS: A Feedback A Clinical ladder programs allow nurses to advance professionally while remaining at the bedside. B Clinical ladder programs are designed to keep proficient nurses at the bedside. C Encouraging RNs to become politically active and guide the profession of nursing is not the goal of clinical ladder programs. D Clinical ladder programs are not designed to facilitate transfer between departments. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 7. Which of the following statements is correct about community health nursing (CHN)? a. Prevention and community education are the cornerstones of CHN. b. Nursing care is rapidly moving from the home setting to the institutional setting. c. High -tech care such as ventilators and total parenteral nutrition cannot be handled in the home. d. Assessment skills are less important in CHN because patients are not acutely ill. ANS: A Feedback A The community health nurse provides educational programs in health maintenance, disease prevention, nutrition, and child care. B Care is moving into the home setting. C Home care is increasing in complexity. D Community health nurses must have excellent assessment skills as they do not have the immediate backup that an acute care facility offers. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 8. Which of the following is most essential for the nurse entrepreneur to be successful? a. Ability to take direction well b. Excellent time -management skills c. Avoidance of risks d. A college degree in business NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M ANS: B Feedback A Nurse entrepreneurs must function autonomously. B Nurse entrepreneurs must be well organized and efficient. C Starting a business involves risk. D A degree in business is not required to be a nurse entrepreneur. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis 9. The major benefit of serving as a military nurse is a. broader responsibilities and scope of practice than civilian nurses. b. working with entirely baccalaureate -prepared peers on active duty. c. serving as an officer on active duty or in the reserves. d. the financial support to seek advanced degrees. ANS: D Feedback A Although military nurses do have broader responsibilities and scopes of practice than civilian nurses do, this is not the major benefit. B Although military nurses do work with entirely baccalaureate -prepared peers on active duty, this is not the major benefit. C Although military nurses serve as officers on active duty or in the reserves, this is not the major benefit. D Advanced education is supported by the military financially and also allows for promotion in rank at an accelerated pace. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 10. Which of the following statements explains why the school nurse of today is truly a community health nurse? a. The school nurse may be called on to care for a student’s family members in underserved areas. b. The school nurse’s primary responsibility is c entered on the well child. c. The school nurse’s primary responsibility is to maintain immunization records. d. The school nurse must be certified in CHN. ANS: A Feedback A In medically underserved areas a school nurse may be called on to care for members of a child’s immediate family. B Chronically ill, disabled, and physically challenged students are in regular classrooms. C School nurses detect developmental problems; counsel and educate children, parents, and teachers; and maintain immunization records. D Although school nurses are c onsidered community health nurses, certification in community health is not required. NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 11. What has been found about the outcomes of patients cared for in hospitals with a higher percentage of BSN -prepared nurses as compared to patients in hospitals with a lower percentage of BSN -prepared nurses? a. Patient outcomes are more dependent on nurse -patient ratios. b. Outcomes were better in hospitals with more BSN -prepared nurses. c. Outcomes were similar in both types of hospitals. d. Medical patients had better outcomes, but surgical patients fared the same. ANS: B Feedback A Nurse -patient ratio is an important determinant of patient care outcomes but has not been shown to be more or less important that the percentage of BSN -prepared nurses providing direct patient care. B Research by Aiken et al. (2003) showed that patient outcomes were better in hospitals where higher percentages of BSN -prepared nurses were employed. C Research by Aiken et al. (2003) showed that patient outcomes were better in hospitals where higher perce ntages of BSN -prepared nurses were employed. D Aiken et al. (2003) studied orthopedic, general surgical, and vascular surgery patients and found the outcomes were improved for these patients in hospitals with a higher percentage of BSN -prepared nurses. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 12. Faith community nursing (FCN) was founded on which of the following premises? a. Nurses’ faith beliefs do not play a part in healing. b. The spiritual aspect takes precedence over the physical body in healing. c. Spiritual health is central to a person’s well -being. d. Faith community nurses must receive formal training as a minister or clergy. ANS: C Feedback A The nurse’ s spiritual journey is believed to be an essential aspect of this nursing role. B Patients are treated holistically under FCN. C FCN is based on the belief that spiritual health is central to well -being. D Faith community nurses do not need to have formal training as ministers. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 13. One important advantage of the evolution of nursing informatics is that a. it allows any RN to become a certified informatics nurse. b. informatics nurses are best able to design systems with the needs and skills of nurses who use them in mind. c. inform atics nurses will reduce the need for direct caregivers to document care. d. benefits of informatics advancements include improved patient safety and NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M increased variability of care. ANS: B Feedback A Although all nurses may use informatics, a nurse specializing in informatics should have a BSN and additional knowledge and experience in the field of informatics. B Informatics nurses understand how the information needs to be used and how to make the systems work for the nurses. C Direct caregivers will still need to document the care provided. D Benefits do include improved patient safety, but decreased variabilit y of care is expected with informatics systems. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 14. Which of the following nursing roles is not considered an advanced practice role? a. Certified nurse -midwife (CNM) b. Community health nurse c. Certified nurse practitioner (CNP) d. Clinical nurse specialist (CNS) ANS: B Feedback A A CNM is an advanced practice role. B The community health nurse is not an advanced practice role. C CNP is an advanced practice role. D CNS is an advanced practice role. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 15. NPs are advanced practice nurses who a. are required to have physician collaboration or supervision. b. function under a set of universal advanced practitioner laws. c. cannot receive direct reimbursement for their services. d. can diagnose and treat common and chronic conditions. ANS: D Feedback A The laws governing the practice of NPs vary from state to state, including the degree of supervision required and how they may be reimbursed for their services. B The laws governing the practice of NPs vary from state to state, including the degree of supervision required and how they may be reimbursed for their services. C The laws governing the practice of NPs vary from state to state, including the degree of sup ervision required and how they may be reimbursed for their services. NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M D NPs are prepared to handle a wide range of basic health problems. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 16. The clinical nurse leader (CNL) is a recently proposed role. The responsibilities of the person in this role include which of the following? a. Oversee and manage care delivery in specific settings. b. Manage and streamline operations in multiple nursing units. c. Replace the outdated CNS role. d. Provide daily care to a specific subset of patients with similar needs. ANS: A Feedback A The CNL role is intended to provide the highest quality of nursing care by having master’s -prepared nurses involved in the care of a distinct group of patients. B The CNL role was not intended as a managerial or administrative role. C The CNS role is not outdated, and some controversy exists because some CNSs view this new role as possibly disenfranchising them. D CNLs may on occasion provide direct patient care, but not on a daily basis. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Hospice and palliative care nursing is a rapidly developing specialty in nursing. Which facts have contributed to this growth? ( Select all that apply. ) a. End-of-life care is largely the responsibility of nurses. b. End-of-life needs are expected to incre ase with the aging population. c. Nursing curricula have prepared nurses to deal effectively with dying patients and their families. d. Palliative care is a new focus of advanced practice nurses. e. Hospice and palliative care nurses work in a variety of settings. ANS: A, B, E Feedback Correct “End -of-life care is largely the responsibility of nurses” is correct because palliative care reflects the holistic philosophy of nursing, and comfort and relief have always been nursing responsibilities. “End -of-life needs are expected to increase with the aging population” is correct because as the population ages there will be a gr eater demand for end -of-life care as the number of individuals needing care increases. “Hospice and palliative care nurses work in a variety of settings” is correct because palliative care takes place in hospitals, homes, hospices, skilled nursing homes, e tc. Incorrect “Nursing curricula have prepared nurses to deal effectively with dying patients and their families” is incorrect because nursing educational programs have not prepared nurses well as the content related to end-of-life issues and palliative c are has been limited. “Palliative care is a NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M new focus of advanced practice nurses” is incorrect because palliative care has been a focus of many nurses, not just advanced practice nurses. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 2. The Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) may ( Select all that apply. ) a. manage an inpatient nursing unit. b. develop educational programs for nursing staff. c. conduct practice outcomes research. d. prescribe medications for common illnesses. e. attend or assist in the delivery of low -risk newborns. ANS: A, B, C Feedback Correct CNSs are prepared with an advanced nursing degree and the skills to function in a variety of settings and functional roles. Incorrect CNSs do not have prescribing authority. CNMs attend or assist at the delivery of low -risk newborns. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M Chapter 02: The History and Social Context of Nursing Black: Professional Nursing: Concepts & Challenges, 9th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which early nursing leader founded the first training school for nurses that wou ld later become a model for early nursing education? a. Dorothea Dix b. Florence Nightingale c. Clara Barton d. Mary Ann Bickerdyke ANS: B Feedback A Dorothea Dix is best known as an advocate for the mentally ill, and she created a brief training program at two New York hospitals for women who wished to serve as nurses in the Civil War. B Florence Nightingale founded the first training school for nurse s at St. Thomas’s Hospital in London in 1806. This became the model for nursing education in the United States. C Clara Barton is known for founding the American Red Cross. D Mary Ann Bickerdyke is best known for nursing services during the Civil War. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 2. Who was the first educated African American professional nurse? a. Linda Richards b. Phoebe Pember c. Sojourner Truth d. Mary Eliza Mahoney ANS: D Feedback A Linda Richards was the first trained nurse in the United States. B Phoebe Pember was one of the first women placed in charge of a hospital. C Sojourner Truth was a famous abolitionist who served as a nurse for the Union forces in the Civil War. D Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first African American professional nurse; she was educated at the New England Hospital for Women and Children. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 3. To which early nursing leader is attributed the founding of the American Red Cross? a. Clara Barton b. Dorothea Dix c. Florence Nightingale d. Lavinia Lloyd Dock NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M ANS: A Feedback A Founding the American Red Cross is attributed to Clara Barton. B Dorothea Dix was superintendent of women nurses of the Union Army. C Florence Nightingale was an English pioneer in nursing. D Lavinia Lloyd Dock was influential in forming the National League for Nursing (NLN). DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 4. What were some of the application requirements of nursing education programs in the 1900s? a. Male, intelligent, strong b. Female, sensitive, subservient c. Female, docile, from poor background d. Male, high breeding, independent ANS: B Feedback A Men were not thought to be sensitive enough for nursing. B Sensitivity, breeding, intelligence, ladylike behavior, and submission to authority were highly desired personal traits for nursing students. C High breeding was desirable for nursing education program applicants. D Men were not desired nursing education program applicants. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 5. Which of the following statements best describes how the Chicago World’s Fair of 189 3 became a pivotal point in the history of nursing education in the United States? a. Florence Nightingale’s work on sanitation and its relationship to mortality rates was finally recognized. b. The organization today known as the NLN was formed to address issues in nursing education. c. The American Nurses Association (ANA) was formed to oversee nursing education in the United States. d. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) was formed to e nhance collaboration between practicing nurses and educators. ANS: B Feedback A Florence Nightingale’s paper was on scientific training of nurses. B Several influential nursing leaders met at the Chicago World’s Fair and started the National League for Nursing Education —the precursor to the NLN. C The NLN, not the ANA, was formed to oversee nursing education in the United States. D The ICN was not fo unded until 1899 and is not involved in U.S. education of nurses. NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 6. Which early nursing organization is credited with first recommending state registration for nurses? a. ICN b. NLN c. ANA d. National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses ANS: A Feedback A The ICN was formed to unite all nursing organizations. The topic of the first meeting was registration for nurses by each country and state. B The NLN was formed to oversee nursing education in the United States. C The ANA was formed to enhance collaboration between practicing nurses and educators. D The National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses was formed to develop leadership among Afri can American nurses. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 7. Which of the following nursing leaders, because of her work in the Henry Street Settlement, is considered the founder of public health nursing? a. Margaret Sanger b. Clara Barton c. Lillian Wald d. Lavinia Lloyd Dock ANS: C Feedback A Margaret Sanger is known for her work on birth control with immigrant women from the Lower East Side of New York City. B Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. C Lillian Wald founded the Henry Street Settlement, the first formalized public health nursing project. D Lavinia Lloyd Dock was instrumental in the formation of the NLN. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 8. Despite the caring ef forts of early public health nurses in the Henry Street Settlement, racial disparity left many people underserved. Which of the following African American public health nurses was instrumental in providing excellent nursing care to underserved families despite these social challenges? a. Jessie Sleet Scales b. Margaret Sanger c. Lavinia Lloyd Dock d. Anita M. McGee NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M ANS: A Feedback A Jessie Sleet Scales established the Stillman House, a part of the Henry Street Settlement that provided care to African Americans. B Margaret Sanger worked to provide immigrant women on the Lower East Side of New York City with birth control information. C Lavinia Lloyd Dock founded the NLN. D Anita M. McGee was a physician appointed as head of the Hospital Corps, who recruited nurses for the Spanish -American War of 1898. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 9. Which one of the following events occurring during the first decade of the 20th century brought sweeping changes to nursing? a. It was required that all practicing nurses be licensed. b. Permissive licensing laws allowed registered nurses (RNs) to practice without a license if they registered with the state. c. All states required a standardized licensing examination. d. Nurses had to pass a licensing examination to use the title RN. ANS: D Feedback A Practicing nurses did not have to be licensed but could not use the title RN. B Permissive licensing laws required all nurses using the title RN to be licensed. C Licensing examinations were not standardized until 1950. D Licensure laws were passed that required all people using the title of RN to be licensed. DIF: Cognitive Leve l: Comprehension 10. What was the most significant impact on the profession of nursing made by Mary Breckenridge in her role as a frontier nurse? a. She demons trated that nurses could provide primary care in rural settings. b. She demonstrated that female nurses could protect themselves in unsettled rural environments. c. She demonstrated that nurses were capable of teaching new mothers to care for babies. d. She demonstrated that nurses could provide care to many clients despite geographic boundaries. ANS: A Feedback A Mary Breckenridge established frontier nursing services. She provided primary care to women and babies and demonstrated that nurses could provide primary care. B Safety was not the primary impact of the success of frontier nursing. C Although she was a nurse -midwife, this was not the most significant impact. NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M D Demonstrating that nurses could provide care to many clients despite geographic boundaries was not the m ost significant impact made by Mary Breckenridge. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 11. Which of the following trends in health care delivery that began in the second half of the 20th century continues today? a. Widespread use of team nursing to address the nursing shortage b. Massive movement of nurses out of acute care and into home care c. Advent of primary care to replace specialized care d. Provision of care to the poor, elderly, and disabled through Medic are and Medicaid ANS: D Feedback A Team nursing is rarely used today. B More nurses work in acute care today than in home care. C After World War II, specialization became popular. D Two amendments to the Social Security Act in 1965 designed to ensure access to health care for elderly, poor, and disabled Americans were the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 12. A recent trend in nursing has been an increase in the number of men and women with degrees in other fields or other careers applying to nursing programs. What is the single most important reason for this trend? a. Nursing as a career has gained increased s tatus and prestige. b. Nursing salaries have outpaced many other fields. c. A nursing career provides both job security and meaningful employment. d. Working conditions in nursing have improved. ANS: C Feedback A While true, nursing’s increased status and prestige is not a significant factor in the trend of people choosing it as a second career. B Salary is not a major factor. C The current appeal to men and women with degrees in other fields is that nursing can provide job opportunities, economic security, and the opportunity to help others. D Working conditions are not identified as a reason for choosing a second career in nursing. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 13. What specialty of nursing was considered well suited for men at a time when other areas were excluding men from practicing? a. Obstetric nursing b. Pediatric nursing NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M c. Psychiatric nursing d. Nurse educator ANS: C Feedback A Obstetric nursing was not considered an appropriate area for men in nursing. B Pediatric nursing was not considered an appropriate area for men in nursing. C Psychiatric nursing was considered well suited for men because it required physical stamina and strength. D Education was not a specialty considered well suited for men in nursing. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 14. When surveyed, what is the primary reason given by men for entering nursing? a. To make a difference b. High salaries c. Flexible schedules d. Opportunity for travel ANS: A Feedback A Men who want to make a difference in peoples’ lives find nursing an appealing career choice. B Economic and job security are important factors for men entering nursing, but more significant is the opportunity to make a difference in peoples’ lives. C Flexible schedules, where provided, are an attractive incentive for employment, but that is not as significant as being able to make a difference in peoples’ lives. D Opportunity for travel is available for travel and military nurses, otherwise it is not an important aspect of nursing as a career. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 15. What was the purpose of the Hill -Burton Act? a. It established funding for the construction of hospitals. b. It provided women in the service with military rank. c. It established and funded the Frontier Nursing Service. d. It created the Cadet Nur se Corps. ANS: A Feedback A The 1946 Hill -Burton Act provided funding for the construction of hospitals. B Congress passed a bill in 1920 that allowed women to hold military rank. C The Frontier Nursing Service, originally known as the Kentucky Committee for Mothers and Babies, was established by Mary Breckinridge. D The Cadet Nurse Corps was an alliance betw een military and collegiate nursing programs to train nurses and was funded by Congress. NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 16. When surveyed, which profession was chosen by the general public as highest in honesty and ethics? a. Physician b. Pharmacist c. Nurse d. Attorney ANS: C Feedback A Physicians were not ranked over nurses. B Pharmacists were not ranked over nurses. C Gallup polls from 1999 to 2010 rated nursing as the top profession in honesty and ethics. D Attorneys were not ranked over nurses in honesty and ethics. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 17. In 2002 which major American corporation partnered with nursing to design a media campaign to promote the image of nursing? a. Johnson & Johnson b. Baxter c. Microsoft d. Wal-Mart ANS: A Feedback A In 2003 Johnson & Johnson began a $20 million campaign —Campaign for Nursing’s Future —to enhance the image of nursing, to recruit new nurses and educators, and to retain nurses. B Baxter did not launch a media campaign to promote the image of nursing. C Microsoft did not launch a media campaign to promote the image of nursing. D Wal-Mart did not launch a media campaign to promote the image of nursing. DIF: Cognitive Level: Know ledge 18. A shift in population growth is expected to place stress on nursing resources. Which age-group is expected to experience the greatest population growth in the next decade? a. Older than 85 years of age b. 75 to 85 years of age c. 35 to 65 years of age d. 18 to 35 years of age ANS: A Feedback A People older than 85 years, known as the “very old,” represent the NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M fastest -growing segment of the total population. B Although the 75 to 85 age -group is growing, it is not the fastest -growing segment of the population. C The group of individuals 35 to 65 years of age is not expected to grow as dramatically as is the group termed “very old.” D The 18 to 35 age -group is not expected to be the fastest -growing segment of the population in the next decade. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 19. Which of the following was an unsuccessful attempt by the American Medical Association (AMA) to alleviate the nursing shortage of the time? a. Creation of the nurse manager position b. Creation of the registered care technician c. Recruitment of RNs from English -speaking countries d. Redistribution of qualified nurses to certain geographic locations ANS: B Feedback A The nurse manager position was not created by the AMA. B In response to the nursing shortage in the late 1980s, the AMA proposed a nurse extender called the registered care technician. C The recruitment of foreign nurses was not a proposal of the AMA. D Travel nursing was not a proposal of the AMA. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 20. The first trained nurse in the United States graduated in 1873 and later became the supervisor of the Boston Training School. Who was this nurse? a. Mary Ann Bickerdyke b. Dorothea Dix c. Linda Richards d. Sallie Thompkins ANS: C Feedback A Mary Ann Bickerdyke was an uneducated widow who organized the camp hospital in Cairo, Illinois, during the Civil War. B Dorothea Dix, a well -known advocate for the mentally ill, was instrumental in creating a month -long training program in two New York hospitals to train women wishing to serve in the Civil War. C In 1872 Linda Richards became the first student to enroll in the inaugural class of five students in the first American nurses’ training school run by Dr. Susan Dimock. She graduated 1 year later. D Sallie Thompkins established a hospital in Richmond, Virginia, and was commissioned a “captain of Cavalry, unassigned” by Confederate Presi dent Jefferson Davis. NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 21. During the Great Depression, staffing of hospitals changed with an impact lasting to the current day. What was this change? a. The employment of graduate nurses in hospitals b. The need for increased private duty nurses and rural health nurses decreased the number of nurses seeking employment in hospitals c. The opening of more schools of nursing in hospitals d. The increased n umber of collegiate schools of nursing, which allowed hospitals to increase the educational requirements for the staff ANS: A Feedback A Hospitals were forced to close their schools of nursing; families were no longer able to afford private duty nurses in their homes; and hospitals hired the unemployed graduate nurses to care for the increased numbers of patients seeking care in hospitals. B Although there was a need for nurses in rural areas supported by the Civil Works Administration, the number of private duty nurses decreased due to the inability of families to afford them. C For economical reasons, hospitals could not afford to fund schools of nursing. D Although the number of collegiate schools increased, most nurses in hospitals were prepared in diploma programs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 22. What was the most important influence of war on nursing? a. It allowed for the development of hospitals. b. Nurses were able to perform medical procedures during war. c. Improved medical care increased soldiers’ survival rates. d. It provided for the cr eation of new technology to make work easier. ANS: B Feedback A Wars allowed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession. Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding to needs during wartime. B Wars allowed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession. Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding to needs during wartime. C Wars allowed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession. Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding to needs during wartime. D Wars all owed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession. Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding to needs during wartime. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 23. Florence Nightingale is often credited as being the first nurse researcher. This designation is based on a. her methods of reorganizing British hospitals. NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M b. her use of data on the morbidity and mortality of soldiers in hospitals in Scutari. c. demonstra tion that trained nurses provided better nursing care. d. publication of Notes on Nursing, the first scholarly nursing publication. ANS: B Feedback A Although Nightingale reformed both the British Army and British civilian hospitals on the basis of data she collected, the reformations were not researched. B Nightingale was educated in statistics and used the detailed data collected to effectively argue the case for the reform of the British Army hospital system. C Nightingale founded the first training school after she had gained fame based on the hospital r eforms supported by her data collection during the Crimean War. D The publication reflected Nightingale’s philosophical thoughts on nursing. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 24. The nursing profession is responsible for improving its own image. The most effective avenue for changing the image of nursing is to a. write letters expressing concerns to those responsible for negative images on television and in films. b. have nurses a s consultants to the media to ensure that the media producers have accurate information about nursing. c. have nurses appear and behave professionally and explain what nurses do in each patient interaction. d. support the Johnson & Johnson campaign by di stributing their information about nursing to students interested in nursing. ANS: C Feedback A While appropriate, writing letters to professionals in television and film is not the most effective avenue for changing the image of nursing. B While appropriate, having nursing consultants to the media is not the most effective avenue for changing the image of nursing. C The major avenue for changing the image of nursing occurs one nurse -patient encounter at a time, where nurses look and behave professionally and demonstrate what it is nurses do. D While supporting Johnson & Johnson’s Campaign for Nursing’s Future is appropriate, it is not the most effective avenue for changing the image of nursing. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application 25. The diversity of the population entering the health care system is a challenge for nurses because a. the portion of minorities in nursing is greater than the portion of minorities in the general population. b. educators are culturally competent leaders fo r nurses and students. NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M c. lessons about culture and cultural differences are not part of progressive education programs. d. ethnic minority nurses do not yet meet the same proportions in the profession as in the general population. ANS: D Feedback A Only 12% of nurses are minorities, but approximately 31% of the general population is identified as a minority. B Managers, educators, and other nursing leaders will require training so they can be culturally competent leaders for nurses and students who may have backgrounds different from their own. C Culture and cultural differences are part of progressive educatio n programs. However, understanding of health and illness in the context of cultural heritage is not consistently addressed in the health care system. D Minority nurses are underrepresented in nursing. This might make it difficult for patients who identify as ethnic minorities to feel comfortable or confident with the health care system. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 26. Biomedical tec hnology involves the use of complex machines or devices in patient care situations. Because of the highly technological environment in which nurses work, it is important that nurses a. assume total responsibility for monitoring data generated by these devi ces. b. use human touch and words of reassurance frequently to convey caring. c. maintain the device’s safety by assuring routine assessment by physicians. d. be careful not to frighten the patient and family with information about the device. ANS: B Feedback A The monitoring and safety of machines and devices are most often the responsibility of nurses and technicians. B The use of technology needs to be combined with caring to maintain patient and family satisfaction. Technology must never take the place of human -to-human contact. C The monitoring and safety of machines and devices are most often the responsibility of nu rses and technicians. D The patient and family need information about the use of the device, as well as the meaning of the information produced, to decrease stress and anxiety. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application 27. Margaret Sanger, as a nurse and activist, worked on the Lower East Side of New York City in the early 1900s with immigrant women. What was the focus of her work? a. Sanitation to prevent disease transmission b. Health education for children c. Providing nursing care to underserved African American families NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M d. Safe contraception and family planning for women ANS: D Feedback A Sanitation to prevent disease transmission may have been part of her work in her early years, but Sanger devoted her life to the birth control movement and became a national figure in that cause. B Health education for children may have been part of her work in her early years, but Sanger devoted her life to the birth control movement and became a national figure in that cause. C Providing nursing care to underserved African American families may ha ve been part of her work in her early years, but Sanger devoted her life to the birth control movement and became a national figure in that cause. D Margaret Sanger, inspired by the death of an immigrant woman from a self-attempted abortion, became determ ined to teach women about birth control. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Nursing practices during the Civil War advanced the cause of professional nursin g. The move toward formal education and training was supported by ( Select all that apply. ) a. endorsement by the Catholic nursing orders (Sisters of Charity, Sisters of Mercy, and Sisters of the Holy Cross). b. a proposal by Dr. Samuel Gross in 1869 that large hospitals develop training schools for nurses. c. reports of inadequate conditions in hospitals reported by social reformers after the Civil War. d. lobbying by the United States Sanitary Commission for t he creation of nursing schools. e. the appointment of Dorothea Dix as Superintendent of Women Nurses of the (Union) Army. ANS: B, C, D, E Feedback Correct The proposal by Dr. Samuel Gross in 1869 that large hospitals develop training schools for nurses; reports of inadequate conditions in hospitals reported by social reformers after the Civil War; and lobbying by the United States Sanitary Commission for the creation of nursing schools all led toward formal education and training for nursing practices. Support for the development of schools to train nurses was given by physicians who had observed the difference training made in hospitals during the war, as well as by the United States Sanitary Commission. Social reformation that started before the Civil War identified the shocking conditions in hospitals. Dorothea Dix created a month -long training program for women who wished to serve as nurses in the Civil Wa r. Incorrect “Endorsement by the Catholic nursing orders (Sisters of Charity, Sisters of Mercy, and Sisters of the Holy Cross)” is incorrect because, although the NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M Catholic nursing orders provided significant organized nursing care during the war, even the y did not develop formal education programs until later. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 2. Historically, one solution that attempted to correct the shortage of RNs was to increase the supply of nurses. Means of increasing the supply of nurses included ( Select all that apply. ) a. implementation of team nursing. b. use of “traveling nurses.” c. development of associate degree programs. d. importation of nurses from English -speaking countries. e. use of registered care technicians. ANS: B, C, D Feedback Correct “Use of traveling nurses,” “ development of associate degree programs,” and “importation of nurses from English -speaking countries” are correct because all have been used to increase the numbers of practicing nurses. Incorrect “Implementation of team nursing” is incorrect because alt hough the implementation of team nursing was intended to improve nurse availability, it did not increase the number of nurses. Registered care technicians were “nurse extenders” proposed by the AMA to ease the shortage, but this solution was quickly defeat ed. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 3. Provisions of the Affordable Care Act include ( Select all that apply. ) a. lifetime limits of catastrophic care insurance will cover. b. children up to age 26 being allowed to stay on parents’ insurance. c. disallowing denial of coverage for children and teens’ preexisting conditions. d. the right to appeal coverage decisions. e. recommended preventative services without out -of-pocket cost to consumers. ANS: B, C, D, E Feedback Correct Provisions of the Affordable Care Act include no lifetime limits on insurance coverage, allowing children up to age 26 to stay on their parents’ insurance plan, banning the practice of denying coverage for children and teens with preexisting conditions, an d a recommendation for preventative services to be covered with no out -of-pocket cost for the consumer. Incorrect The Affordable Care Act does not place lifetime limits on covering catastrophic care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 4. Which is true regarding the Woodhull Study on Nursing? ( Select all that apply. ) a. This was a study on nursing on social media. b. The study represented the perception of diploma nurses. NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M c. The study focused on 20,000 prin ted articles. d. 17 students and 3 faculty members ran the study. ANS: C, D Feedback Correct The study focused on 20,000 printed articles regarding nurses and the nursing profession. The study was conducted by 17 students and 3 faculty members. Incorrect The study focused on printed media. The study focused on the perception of all nurses. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M Chapter 03: Nursing’s Pathway to Professionalism Black: Professional Nursing: Concepts & Challenges, 9th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following was recognized earliest as a true profession? a. Ministry b. Teaching c. Social work d. Engineering ANS: A Feedback A Historically only medicine, law, and the ministry were accepted as professions. B Teaching was not accepted as an early profession. C Social work was not accepted as an early profession. D Engineering was not accepted as an early profession. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 2. Which of the following characteristics of a profession were listed in Flexner’s work on professions? a. Activities of professions are more physically than intellectually oriented. b. Activities of professions are based on their own body of knowledge. c. Beliefs of professions are more theoretical than practical. d. Beliefs and traditions are handed down from generation to generation. ANS: B Feedback A Flexner actually lists intellectual as opposed to physical activities. B Flexner’s characteristics of professions list a body of knowledge that can be learned and is refreshed and refined through research. C Flexner lists practical as well as theoretical beliefs. D Flexner stressed that in professions, information is taught through a process of highly specialized professional education. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 3. Similarities exist between various ideas about what constitutes a profession. Which of the following is believed to be a characteristic of a profession? a. Members have autonomy. b. Members are trained on the job. c. Members are motivated primarily by financial reward. d. The group lacks a code of ethics. ANS: A NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M Feedback A A review of the literature on characteristics of a profession yielded these similarities: service/altruism, specialized knowledge, and autonomy/ethics. B Specialized formal education is required. C Members are motivated by altruism. D Ethics or a code of ethics is a characteristic of professions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge 4. Which of the following best describes the difference between an occupation and a profession? a. A profession requires a duty to serve. b. A profession is defined by members’ average income. c. In a profession, action is based on intuition. d. In a profession, knowledge is handed down from generation to generation. ANS: A Feedback A “Profession” is defined as a duty, vocation, or form of employment that provides a needed service to society and possesses characteristics of expertise, autonomy, long academic preparation, commitment, and responsibility. B Average income does not determin e the difference between an occupation and a profession. C In a profession, action is based on long academic preparation, a body of knowled ge, and instruction in techniques of the profession, not on intuition. D Knowledge is transferred in formal academic preparation, not handed down. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 5. According to the nurse’s Code of Ethics , the hallmark of nursing practice is a. autonomy. b. accountability. c. evidence -based practice. d. altruism. ANS: B Feedback A Nurses do not have complete autonomy but work with other disciplines. B Individual accountability has become the hallmark of practice. Provision 4 of the Code of Ethics states, “The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual practice.” C Evidence -based practice is relatively new to nursing. D Although important to n ursing, altruism is not the hallmark of nursing practice according to the Code of Ethics. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension 6. The document that provides professional standards and a framework for professional decision -making that ensures decisions are made with the highest integrity is the NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank N U R S I N G T B . C O M a. Nurse Practice Act. b. Code of Ethics. c. Nursing’ s Social Policy Statement. d. bylaws of the American Nurses Association (ANA). ANS: B Feedback A The Nurse Practice Act defines the legal scope of practice. B The Code of Ethics in nursing guides decisions and the conduct of practitioners. C Nursing’s Social Policy Statement describes the responsibilities of nurses toward society. D Bylaws of the ANA guide the processes of the organization. DIF: Cognitive L evel: Comprehension 7. A component that separates occupations from professions is commitment. Which of the following is the best way that nurses can show commitment to each other? a. Reporting substandard practice by unlicensed personnel b. Reading the professional literature c. Mentoring nursing students and novice nurses d. Making a financial donation to a professional organization ANS: C Feedback A Reporting substandard practice is not the best example of commitment to each other. B Reading the literature does not involve mentoring or disseminating knowledge to others. C Nurses show commitment to the profession by mentoring others entering the profession. D Donating to a professional organization is less effective than serving as an active member of the organization and disseminating knowledge through active participation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application 8. The nursing profession has experienced barriers to professionalism. Which of the following is the primary current barrier to nursing’s professionalism? a. Too many men in nursing b. Unquestioning obedience to doctors c. Limitations placed on practice by state legislators d. Variability of educational backgrounds of nurses ANS: D Feedback A Although increasing, the number of men in nursing is low. B Unquestioning obedience is not a current behavior. NURSINGTB.COM Professional Nursing 9th Edition Black Test Bank