(Test Bank) Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception

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1 Test Bank for Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Regarding sensation and perception, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. We are constantly surrounded by electromagnetic radiation, heat, pressure, vibrations, molecules, and mechanical forces. b. The senses are enough to give people a completely accurate “picture” of reality. c. During the process of perception, our brain assembles sensations into a meaningful “picture” of events. d. Unless your senses translate information into a form your brain can understand, you will experience only a void of silence and darkness. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trees Have Eyes / Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 2. The primary function of the senses is to act as devices that convert one kind of energy into another, which are referred to as a. visual adapters. b. biological assimilators. c. phosphenes. d. biological transducers. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Concept 3. Sense receptors are biological transducers, which means that they a. select from a broad range of stimulation. b. analyze the environment into important features. c. convert one form of energy to another. d. detect only a limited range of energies. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Concept 4. The sensory receptors of your eyes are able to convert light energy into neural energy, which can then be utilized by the brain. Thus, the sensory receptors in your eyes act as a. visual adapters. b. biological assimilators. c. phosphenes. d. biological transducers. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Concept 2 5. When Fatima detects the physical energies in her environment with her eyes, ears, and other sensory organs, she is engaging in the process known as a. sensation. b. perception. c. adaptation. d. cognition. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 6. Armand is engaging in the process by which the brain organizes sensations into meaningful patterns. This process is known as a. reception. b. adaptation. c. perception. d. cognition. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 7. In order to take your psychology quiz, you must read and process the information. The initial step of your eyes detecting the black marks on the page depends on the process of a. perception. b. sensation. c. sensory adaptation. d. sensory accommodation. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 8. In order to take your psychology quiz, you must read and process the information. The ability to organize the black marks on the paper into meaningful patterns involves the process of a. perception. b. sensation. c. sensory adaptation. d. sensory accommodation. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 9. When listening to your professor’s lecture, hearing the various sounds of the professor’s words would involve the process of a. perception. 3 b. sensation. c. assimilation. d. accommodation. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 10. When listening to your professor’s lecture, interpreting the meaning of the professor’s words is an example of a. perception. b. sensation. c. assimilation. d. accommodation. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 11. Our sensory systems act as data reduction systems. This means that they a. can change one form of energy to another. b. transmit information to the brain in the form of codes. c. select and analyze information and send only the most important data to the brain. d. are only sensitive to a small range of sensations that will require additional interpretation by the brain. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Fact 12. Because our senses select, analyze, and filter information until only the most important information remains, our senses are considered systems. a. convergent b. data reduction c. somesthetic d. replicating ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Fact 13. Regarding the sensory abilities of humans, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Our sensory receptors do not transduce all of the energies they encounter. b. Many types of stimuli cannot be sensed directly because we lack sensory receptors to transduce the energy. c. Some sense receptors transduce only part of their target energy range. d. Because our sense organs are able to convert one kind of energy into another, they are known as feature detectors. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 / 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 14. The study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations they evoke in a human observer is called 4 a. physiological psychology. b. neurological psychology. c. psychophysics. d. sensory deprivation. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 15. Dr. Azure measures sound waves and electromagnetic radiation and relates them to the sensations people experience as loudness and brightness, respectively. Dr. Azure is conducting research in the area of a. physiological psychology. b. neurological psychology. c. psychophysics. d. sensory deprivation. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 16. Regarding the sensation of various species, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The eyes of honeybees transduce parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that are invisible to humans. b. Bats’ ears transduce sound waves that humans cannot hear. c. Research has shown that the human eye transduces all of the electromagnetic spectrum to the brain, but the brain is unable to perceive it. d. Sharks have special organs that can sense the bioelectric fields of other living things. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 17. Your eyes transduce only a tiny fraction of the entire range of electromagnetic energies, which we call the a. perceptual limit. b. visible spectrum. c. biological transduction range. d. spectral analysis limitation. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 18. The ears of bats can transduce and hear sound waves that humans cannot. This allows them to fly in complete darkness by using a. feature detectors. b. depth cues. c. hyperopia. d. echolocation. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 5 MSC: * (New Question) 19. The minimum amount of energy needed for a sensation to occur is called a. the absolute threshold. b. a transducer level. c. data reduction threshold. d. perceptual limit. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 20. The fact that a dog whistle can be heard by dogs but not by humans is best explained by the concept of a. the absolute threshold. b. the difference threshold. c. perceptual defense. d. a just noticeable difference. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 21. Owls, who hunt at night, can hear sounds that cannot be heard by humans, which illustrates that, compared to humans, they have a much a. higher absolute threshold for hearing. b. lower absolute threshold for hearing. c. higher sensory adaptation level for sounds. d. lower sensory adaptation level for sounds. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Concept 22. Sensory adaptation refers to a decrease in sensory response that accompanies a. perceptual defense. b. threshold shifts. c. an unchanging stimulus. d. selective attention. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 23. The decrease in sensory response to an unchanging stimulus is known as a. sensory conflict. b. sensory gating. c. sensory adaptation. d. selective attention. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 24. Sensory adaptation is normally most rapid for the sense of 6 a. vision. b. olfaction. c. taste. d. kinesthesis. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 25. Sensory receptors respond best to a. changes in stimulation. b. changes in threshold. c. subliminal images. d. repetitive stimuli. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 26. When you first get into the swimming pool, the water feels rather cool, but after swimming for awhile, the water feels fine. A friend asks you how the water is, and you tell her the “water’s great.” She jumps in and then accuses you of lying because the wa ter is freezing. You really were not lying. It is just that you experienced a. sensory gating. b. sensory adaptation. c. sensory conflict. d. selective attention. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Application 27. You go into your son’s room, only to be met with a combination of smells, including day -old pizza, wet towels, and gym shoes. Your son seems unconcerned with the putrid odors. When you ask how he can stand the stench of his “pig sty,” he replies that he does not smell anything because of . (Well, at least he’s listening in psychology class.) a. sensory adaptation b. sensory gating c. sensory conflict d. selective attention ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Application 28. Which of the following explains why you are not constantly aware of the pressure of your wristwatch on your arm or your shoes on your feet? a. sensory adaptation b. sensory gating c. sensory conflict d. perceptual localization. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Application 29. The separation of sensory information into its important elements is known as 7 a. sensory analysis. b. sensory adaptation. c. perceptual gating. d. perceptual localization. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 30. Which of the following involves the process of extracting perceptual features from stimulus patterns? a. sensory analysis. b. sensory adaptation. c. perceptual gating. d. perceptual localization. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 31. As the senses process information, they divide the world into basic stimulus patterns known as a. phosphenes. b. perceptual features. c. perceptual sets. d. sensory adaptations. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 32. Important elements of a stimulus pattern, such as lines, shapes, edges, spots, and colors, are referred to as a. perceptual features. b. sensory amplifiers. c. perceptual transducers. d. phosphenes. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 33. The visual system is able to analyze incoming sensory information into lines, angles, shading, and movement because it has a set of a. sight cells. b. second stage sensors. c. feature detectors. d. neurological transducers. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 34. The visual “pop-out,” or eye-catching effect, of such visual stimuli as lines, shapes, edges, spots, and colors occurs because your visual system is highly sensitive to perceptual a. amplitudes. 8 b. transducers. c. features. d. thresholds. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 35. In a drawing, a single vertical line is placed among a group of slanted lines. This effect, which is so basic that babies as young as three months respond to it, is called a. the somesthetic effect. b. visual pop-out. c. the gate-control effect. d. stereoscopic vision. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Concept 36. A frog’s eyes are highly sensitive to small, dark, moving spots. Since the frog’s eyes are attuned to this specific stimuli, the frog’s eyes act as a. feature detectors. b. sensory amplifiers. c. perceptual transducers. d. phosphenes. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Concept 37. In order for a frog’s visual bug-detector to work, the bug must be a. a dark color. b. coming closer to the frog. c. stationary. d. moving. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 38. Regarding sensory analysis, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. As they process information, the senses divide the world into important perceptual features. b. Our sensitivity to perceptual features is an innate characteristic of our nervous system. c. Our sensitivity to perceptual features is influenced by our experiences early in life. d. Our sensitivity to perceptual features prevents our visual system from being vulnerable to the effect known as visual pop-out. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Concept 9 39. In their experiments on the brain and perceptual features, Blakemore, Cooper, Grobstein and Chow found that a. the kittens raised in the vertically -striped rooms ran into chair legs in the normal environment. b. the kittens raised in the horizontally -striped rooms had difficulty jumping onto a chair in the normal environment. c. there was an actual decrease in brain cells tuned to the missing features. d. all of these findings were true. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 40. Experiments in which cats were raised in environments which emphasized one feature over another showed that a. even though the cats did not have experience with some features, they could easily learn about them. b. there was an actual decrease in brain cells tuned to the missing feature. c. when returned to a normal environment, the cats became frightened and refused to move around. d. there was an actual increase in brain cells tuned to the missing feature. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 41. In their experiments on the brain and perceptual features, Blakemore, Cooper, Grobstein and Chow found that the kittens raised in the vertically -striped rooms a. bumped into chair legs. b. missed when they tried to jump to horizontal surfaces. c. had difficulty walking in a straight line. d. experienced no difficulty in any visual task since the eyes easily adapt. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 42. In their experiments on the brain and perceptual features, Blakemore, Cooper, Grobstein and Chow found that the kittens raised in the horizontally -striped rooms a. bumped into chair legs. b. missed when they tried to jump to horizontal surfaces. c. had difficulty walking in a straight line. d. experienced no difficulty in any visual task since the eyes easily adapt. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 43. Converting important features of the world into neural messages understood by the brain is called a. sensory coding. b. sensory accommodation. c. sensory adaptation. d. sensory gating. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 10 REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 44. The difference between stimuli must be sufficiently large in order for your sensory systems to it. a. accommodate b. assimilate c. code d. decelerate ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 45. A minimum change in sensory intensity that is noticeable to an observer and can be coded into neural messages is known as the a. absolute threshold. b. psychophysical equation. c. difference threshold. d. transduction limit. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 46. Regarding difference thresholds, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Difference thresholds occur when we can first detect some stimulus. b. Difference thresholds occur when we can first detect the change in the intensity of a stimulus. c. Difference thresholds involve the decrease in sensory response to an unchanging stimulus. d. Difference thresholds involve the mental process of organizing sensations into meaningful patterns. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 47. A researcher presents two lights of varying brightness to a subject who is asked to respond same or different by comparing their intensities. The researcher is seeking the threshold. a. difference b. absolute c. subliminal d. phosphene ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 11 48. A researcher presents a blindfolded subject with a sweet liquid and then adds a dropful of sweetener to the liquid and has the subject taste it. This process continues until the subject tells the researcher that the liquid tastes “sweeter.” Regarding the sense of taste, this researcher is seeking the threshold. a. difference b. absolute c. subliminal d. phosphene ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 49. Light sensations caused by pressure applied to the eye are referred to as a. pheromones. b. phosphenes. c. visual features. d. artificial vision. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Fact 50. Matt has been studying for several hours and begins to rub his eyes. He immediately “sees” stars, checkerboards, and flashes of color. These visual sensations caused by Matt rubbing his eyes are called a. visual pop-outs. b. phosphenes. c. visual spectrals. d. artificial vision. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 51. Creating phosphenes illustrates how which of the following processes occurs in the eye? a. sensory gating b. accommodation c. absolute threshold d. sensory coding ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Concept 12 52. Phosphenes occur because the a. eyes are able to transduce only a tiny fraction of electromagnetic energies. b. eyes are sensitive to the effect called the visual pop-out. c. eyes are only prepared to code stimulation as visual features. d. sensitivity of the eyes to perceptual features in influenced by experiences early in life. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 KEY: Concept 53. Which of the following is NOT one of the general functions of the sensory system? a. sensory coding b. sensory localization c. sensory analysis d. sensory assimilation ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.2 / 4.1.3 KEY: Fact 54. The type of sensation you experience depends on which area of the brain is activated. This is known as a. transduction. b. sensory localization. c. sensory adaptation. d. cerebralization. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.3 KEY: Fact 55. Sensory localization means that the sensation experienced depends on the a. area of the brain activated. b. rate of firing of the nerve impulse. c. the type of receptor stimulated. d. the neural stimulation pattern. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.3 KEY: Fact 56. Some brain areas receive visual information, others receive auditory information, and still others receive taste or touch. Knowing which brain areas are active tells us, in general, what kinds of sensations you are feeling. This illustrates a. transduction. b. sensory localization. c. sensory adaptation. d. cerebralization. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.3 KEY: Concept 57. You are undergoing a PET scan. The doctor finds that when he asks you questions, the temporal lobe of the brain shows activation, while areas on the somatosensory area of the parietal lobe are activated when your hand is stroked. This association of brain area activation and sensation experienced illustrates a. sensory gating. 13 b. sensory assimilation. c. sensory localization. d. cerebralization. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.3 KEY: Application 58. Assume that a scientist is working on a device to route sounds directly to the brain to provide a type of hearing for people who are completely deaf. Which principle of sensory functioning would be most useful to the scientist in achieving her goal? a. selective attention b. data reduction c. sensory adaptation d. sensory localization ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.3 KEY: Application 59. In one approach, researchers have used a miniature television camera to send electrical signals to directly stimulate to the brain, while in another approach, a grid of light -sensitive elements is implanted into the retina so that it can electrically stimulate the optic nerve. Both of these systems involved the use of sensory a. adaptation. b. localization. c. gating. d. assimilation. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sensory Processes -The First Step OBJ: 4.1.3 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 60. The spread of electromagnetic energies to which the human eyes respond is called the a. perceptual field. b. gamma quatrant. c. visible spectrum. d. spectral composite. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 61. The visible spectrum is made up of a narrow range of wavelengths of a. spectral particles. b. ionized nanometers. 14 c. phosphenes. d. electromagnetic radiation. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 62. Visible light is made up of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of a. 400-700 nanometers. b. 20 to 20,000 C.P.S. c. 300-800 decibels. d. 20 to 20,000 hectometers. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 63. Visible light starts at the “short” wavelengths, which we sense as a. red. b. green. c. yellow. d. purple. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 64. We sense the longest wavelengths of visible light as the color a. white. b. purple. c. red. d. violet. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 65. Humans respond to different wavelengths of light by experiencing differing a. hues. b. levels of brightness. c. amounts of saturation. d. amplitudes. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 66. The basic color categories of red, orange, yellow, green, and purple refer to a. saturation. b. brightness. c. hue. d. color accommodation. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 15 67. Hue refers to the a. basic color categories. b. pureness of color. c. amplitude of light. d. perception of meaningful patterns. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 68. White light is a. made up of the longest wavelengths. b. made up of the shortest wavelengths. c. a mixture of many wavelengths. d. the absence of any wavelength. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 69. Saturated or pure hues are produced by which type of wavelengths? a. wide band b. narrow band c. combination d. high amplitude ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 70. Compared to a muddy brick red, a fire-engine red is said to be more a. assimilated. b. aqueous. c. saturated. d. accommodated. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Concept 71. Brightness refers to the a. basic color categories. b. pureness of color. c. amplitude of light. d. perception of meaningful patterns. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 72. The dimension of vision which corresponds to the amplitude of light waves is a. hue. b. brightness. c. transparency. d. timbre. 16 ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 73. Light waves of greater amplitude cause colors to appear a. dull or “washed out.” b. brighter. c. saturated. d. transparent. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Concept 74. Which of the following cause the colors we see to appear brighter or more intense? a. narrow bands of wavelengths b. broad bands of wavelengths c. waves of greater amplitude d. waves of lower amplitude ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 75. The function of the lens is to a. locate an image. b. focus an image on the retina. c. combine the location and projection on the blind spot. d. project an image on the cornea. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 76. Within one’s eye, the light-sensitive cells are called a. photoreceptors. b. phosphenes. c. tympanics. d. stereocilia. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 77. The area of the eye, which is about the size and thickness of a postage stamp and converts light energy into nerve impulses, is called the a. cornea. b. iris. c. lens. d. retina. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 78. The layer of light-sensitive pixels in the digital image sensor of a camera is analogous to the layer of photoreceptors in which area of the eye? 17 a. retina b. iris c. lens d. pupil ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 79. The clear membrane that covers the outside of the eye and helps gather and bend light inward is called the a. pupil. b. iris. c. cornea. d. retina. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 80. Most of the focusing is done at the front of the eye by a clear membrane that bends light inward. This membrane is called the a. lens. b. iris. c. cornea. d. pupil. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 81. Most of the focusing is done at the front of the eye by the cornea, with additional, smaller adjustments being made by the a. lens. b. iris. c. retina. d. pupil. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 82. Muscles attached to which of part of the eye alter its shape and change the eye’s focal point? a. lens. b. fovea. c. retina. d. pupil. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 18 83. The process in which the eye’s focal point changes as the muscles attached to the lens alter its shape is referred to as a. assimilation. b. accommodation. c. perception. d. transduction. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact 84. You focus a camera by changing the distance between the lens and the image sensor. Similarly, your eye’s focal point changes through the process called a. accommodation. b. assimilation. c. sensory adaptation. d. sensory gating. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Concept 85. Visual problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism are the result of a. irregularities in the visual cortex. b. nutritional or traumatic damage to the sensory nerves. c. physical abnormalities in the structure of the eye. d. defective processing of sensory information in the visual cortex. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Concept 86. If your eyeball is too short, the resulting condition is called a. farsightedness. b. presbyopia. c. astigmatism. d. nearsightedness. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 87. Marty has fuzzy vision because his eyeball is too short. Marty has the condition called a. hyperopia. b. myopia. c. astigmatism. d. presbyopia. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 88. The scientific term for farsightedness is a. hyperopia. b. myopia. c. retinitis. 19 d. astigmatism. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 89. Hyperopia is the condition of the eyes in which the person cannot a. focus on distant objects. b. see very well in dim illumination. c. focus on objects near the eyes. d. see clearly because the lens is pigmented. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact 90. Fourteen-year-old Jessica can see distance objects very clearly, but the words in the textbook she is reading appear blurry. She most likely has which visual problem? a. myopia b. hyperopia c. astigmatism d. presbyopia ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Application 91. If your eyeball is too long, the resulting condition is called a. farsightedness. b. presbyopia. c. astigmatism. d. nearsightedness. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 92. Carmen has fuzzy vision because her eyeball is too long. Carmen has the condition called a. hyperopia. b. myopia. c. astigmatism. d. presbyopia. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 93. The scientific term for nearsightedness is a. hyperopia. b. myopia. c. astigmatism. d. presbyopia. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact 94. Myopia is the condition of the eyes in which the person cannot 20 a. focus on distant objects. b. see very well in dim illumination. c. focus on objects near the eyes. d. see clearly because the lens is pigmented. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact 95. Jeremy who sits in the back of the seventh grade classroom, has no trouble reading the words in his textbook, but he is having difficulty reading the words that the teacher is writing on the board or seeing the images on the projection screen. Jeremy most likely has which vision problem? a. hyperopia b. astigmatism c. presbyopia d. myopia ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Application 96. Brenda has no difficulty reading a book in front of her, but is unable to read street signs from a distance. She probably has a. hyperopia. b. myopia. c. astigmatism. d. presbyopia. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Application 97. A visual defect known as astigmatism is the result of a. one’s eyeball being too short. b. one’s eyeball being too long. c. an abnormal distribution of visual receptors in the retina. d. a misshapen cornea or lens. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact 98. When the cornea or lens of the eye is misshapen so that part of the visual field will be focused and part will be fuzzy, the condition is called a. hyperopia. b. myopia. c. retinitis. d. astigmatism. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact 21 99. As Karen reads her psychology textbook, the words on the page seem to be focused and then become fuzzy. After an hour of struggling to read her textbook with some of the words in focus and other not, she has developed a severe headache. When her eye doctor examines her eyes, he finds that her lenses are misshapen. Karen has which visual problem? a. myopia b. hyperopia c. astigmatism d. presbyopia ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Application 100. Hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism can be corrected by placing glasses or contact lenses a. in front of the eye to change the path of light. b. over the image in order to magnify the image. c. in front of the eye to make the cones more sensitive to light. d. in front of the eye to make the rods more sensitive to light. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact 101. As people become middle-aged, the lens of the eye becomes less flexible and less able to accommodate, resulting in a farsightedness due to aging known as a. hyperopia. b. myopia. c. presbyopia. d. astigmatism. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 102. Which of the following terms comes from the Latin word for “old vision” and refers to farsightedness due to aging? a. hyperopia b. myopia c. presbyopia d. astigmatism ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 103. The type of visual defect that person experiences with presbyopia is most similar to that of a person with a. color blindness. b. astigmatism. c. myopia. d. hyperopia. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays 22 OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 104. Presbyopia is a condition of the eyes caused by aging in which the person cannot a. focus on distant objects. b. see very well in dim illumination. c. focus on objects near the eyes. d. see clearly because the lens is pigmented. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact 105. Forty-six-year-old Debbie can clearly read the highway signs as she drives, but for the first time in her life, she is having trouble reading the words and numbers in the phone book. Debbie most likely has which vision problem? a. myopia b. hyperopia c. astigmatism d. presbyopia ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Application 106. Michael just turned 45 and is getting glasses for the first time because he has difficulty reading newspapers, telephone books, and the instructions on medicine bottles. His eye doctor diagnosed his vision problem as a. hyperopia. b. myopia. c. astigmatism. d. presbyopia. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Application 107. As people age, which part of the eye becomes less flexible and less able to accommodate? a. fovea b. retina c. lens d. iris ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 108. Bifocal lenses are used to correct a. near vision. b. distance vision. 23 c. presbyopia. d. both near vision and distance vision. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Fact 109. The eye has two types of “image sensors,” consisting of receptor cells called the a. iris and pupil. b. lens and pupil. c. cornea and the ciliary muscles. d. rods and cones. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact 110. Which receptor cells produce color sensations and fine details, work best in bright light, and lie mainly at the center of the eye? a. phosphenes b. rods c. cones d. stereocilia ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact 111. Numbering about 120 million in each eye, which receptor cells allow us to see in dim light and are responsible for our seeing black and white images? a. phosphenes b. rods c. cones d. stereocilia ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact 112. The cones of the retina a. number about five million in each human eye. b. are specialized for seeing black and white sensations. c. occur most commonly in the periphery of the retina. d. allow us to see in dim light. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 113. The cones of the retina a. are responsible for peripheral vision. b. are specialized for color sensations and fine details. 24 c. function best in dim light conditions. d. are much more sensitive to light than the rods are. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact 114. The visual receptors that are used under dim light and produce only black and white sensations are the a. rods. b. cones. c. phosphenes. d. stereocilia. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 115. The rods of the retina a. are densely packed in an area called the fovea. b. are specialized for color sensations. c. function best in dim light. d. are specialized for picking up on fine detail. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact 116. The rods of the retina a. number about 120 million in each eye and are found mainly in the periphery of the eye. b. are specialized for color sensations and detecting fine details. c. function best in bright light. d. are characterized by all of these. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 117. Regarding the retina, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The retina consists of many more cones than rods. b. The retina is an area about the size and thickness of a postage stamp. c. Only about half of the light falling on the front of the eye ever reaches the rods and cones in the retina. d. The part of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the eye contains no rods or cones and is known as the blind spot. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact 118. The part of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the a. lens. b. retina. c. blind spot. d. pupil. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact 25 119. The area known as the blind spot is so named because a. nerve cells have been permanently damaged. b. a person no longer has peripheral vision. c. there are no photoreceptors in this area. d. there is no activity in the fovea. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 120. The blind spot is formed a. by an abnormally shaped eyeball. b. where the cornea and lens are connected. c. where the optic nerve leaves the eye. d. when a person has brain damage. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact 121. The part of the retina where there are no rods or cones is called the a. iris. b. pupil. c. fovea. d. blind spot. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact 122. The presence of which of the following parts of the retina shows that vision depends greatly on the visual cortex of the brain actively filling in the gap with patterns from surrounding areas? a. iris b. pupil c. fovea d. blind spot ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Concept 123. Visual acuity refers to which aspect of vision? a. sharpness b. brightness c. color distinctions d. depth perception ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays OBJ: 4.2.4 KEY: Fact 124. In bright light, visual acuity is greatest when the visual image falls on the a. cornea. b. fovea. c. blind spot. d. periphery of the retina. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays