(Test Bank) ANATOMY 1011 CHAPTER 1-12 TESTS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT

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CHAPTER 1 Question 1 2.2 out of 2.2 points Which organ system produces immune cells and has a role in fluid balance? Selected Answer: Lymphatic system Answers:Integumentary system Circulatory system Endocrine system Lymphatic system Response Feedback:The lymphatic system produces immune cells and has a role in fluid balance. The integumentary system has a role in protection, temperature regulation, water retention, and sensation. The circulatory system distributes oxygen, nutrients, water, hormones, and other electrolytes; it also has a role in fluid and electrolyte balance. The endocrine system produces hormones and regulates other systems. Question 2 2.2 out of 2.2 points The type of plane that divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions is called a Selected Answer: transverse plane. Answers:sagittal plane. frontal plane. transverse plane. coronal plane. Response Feedback:A transverse plane divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. A sagittal plane divides the body lengthwise into right and left sides. A frontal plane divides the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior positions. A coronal plane is another name for a frontal plane. Question 3 2.2 out of 2.2 points ANATOMY 1011 CHAPTER 1-12 TESTS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECTThe heart is located in the mediastinum, which is part of what cavity? Selected Answer: Thoracic cavity Answers: Thoracic cavity Dorsal cavity Spinal cavity Cranial cavity Response Feedback:The mediastinum is part of the thoracic cavity. The dorsal cavity is located at the back of the body. The spinal and cranial cavities are part of the dorsal cavity. Question 4 2.2 out of 2.2 points Which of the following correctly describes the anatomical position? Selected Answer: Standing erect with arms at sides and with palms, face, and feet facing forward Answers:Standing erect, facing forward, with arms outstretched Standing erect with arms at sides, palms facing backward, face and feet facing forward Standing erect with arms overhead, face and feet facing forward Standing erect with arms at sides and with palms, face, and feet facing forward Response Feedback:The anatomical position involves standing erect with arms at the sides and with face, palms, and feet facing forward. Question 5 2.2 out of 2.2 points A patient comes to the hospital for treatment of pain in the right hypochondriac region. Based on the organs located in that region, which organ might be causing the pain? Selected Answer: Gallbladder Answers:Stomach Small intestines Gallbladder Appendix Response Feedback:The gallbladder is located in the right hypochondriac region. The stomach is found in the epigastric region. The small intestines are in the right and left lumbar regions, right and left iliac regions, and hypogastric region. The appendix is in the right iliac region. Question 6 2.2 out of 2.2 points Most illustrations that show the contents of the abdominal cavity use what type of plane? Selected Answer: Frontal Answers:Sagittal Transver se Horizont al Frontal Response Feedback:Most illustrations that show the contents of the abdominal cavity use a frontal plane. A sagittal plane is used to illustrate the organs of the head or pelvic cavity. A horizontal plane is another name for a transverse plane. A transverse plane is used by computed tomography scanners. Question 7 2.2 out of 2.2 points The structure of the body is called physiology; how it functions is called anatomy. Selected Answer: Fals e Answers:True Fals e Response Feedback:The structure of the body is called anatomy; how it functions is called physiology. Question 8 2.2 out of 2.2 points The human body is organized from the very simple to the very complex. Selected Answer: Tru e Answers: Tru e False Question 9 2.2 out of 2.2 pointsThe dorsal cavity contains the Selected Answer: cranial and spinal cavities. Answers:thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. cranial and spinal cavities. mediastinum and pleural cavities. abdominal and pelvic cavities. Response Feedback:The dorsal cavity contains the cranial and spinal cavities. The other cavities are all contained in the ventral cavity. Question 10 29.4 out of 29.4 points Match each term to its location on the body. QuestionCorrect MatchSelected Match Arm C. brachial C. brachial Lower back K. lumbar K. lumbar Armpit P . axillary P . axillary Heel L. calcaneal L. calcaneal Fingers G. digital G. digital Shoulder B. deltoid B. deltoid Sole of the foot M. plantar M. plantar Forehead A. frontal A. frontal Chest E. pectoral E. pectoral Front of elbow H. antecubita l H. antecubital Foot N. pedal N. pedalCheek I. buccal I. buccal Groin D. inguinal D. inguinal Ankle O. tarsal O. tarsal Question 11 2.2 out of 2.2 points The two major body cavities are the dorsal and ventral cavities. Selected Answer: Tru e Answers: Tru e False Question 12 2.2 out of 2.2 points Negative feedback is when an effector opposes the stimulus and reverses the direction of change. Selected Answer: Tru e Answers: Tru e False Question 13 2.2 out of 2.2 points Which organ system protects organs, allows for support and movement, and also plays a key role in blood formation? Selected Answer: Skeletal system Answers:Circulatory system Muscular system Skeletal system Nervous system Response Feedback:The skeletal system protects organs, gives the body support and allows it to move, and also plays a role in the formation of blood cells. The circulatory system distributes oxygen, nutrients, water, hormones, and other electrolytes; it also has a role in fluid and electrolyte balance. The muscular system allows the body to move and produces heat. The nervous system regulates and coordinates other systems, and also has a role in sensation and memory. Question 14 16.6 out of 16.6 points Match each term to its definition. QuestionCorrect MatchSelected Match T oward the back of the body H. posterior H. posterior Farthest from the point of origin A. distal A. distal Above E. superior E. superior At or near the body’s surface I. superficial I. superficial T oward the body’s midline C. medial C. medial Closest to the point of origin B. proximal B. proximal T oward the front of the body G. anterior G. anterior Below F . inferior F . inferior Question 15 21 out of 21 points Match the name of each organ system to its key components. Question Correct Match Selected Match Consists of stomach, small and large intestines, liver, and pancreas J. digestive system J. digestive system Consists of skin, hair, and nails A. integumentary system A. integumentary system Consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra F . urinary system F . urinary systemConsists primarily of skeletal muscles C. muscular system C. muscular system Consists of heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries I. circulatory system I. circulatory system Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs G. nervous system G. nervous system Consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and breasts L. female reproductive system L. female reproductive system Consists of pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, and thyroid H. endocrine system H. endocrine system Consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, thymus, and spleen D. lymphatic system D. lymphatic system Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs E. respiratory system E. respiratory system Question 16 2.2 out of 2.2 points Bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue are all types of Selected Answer: connective tissue. Answers:epithelial tissue. connective tissue. muscle. nerve tissue. Response Feedback:Bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue are all types of connective tissue. Question 17 2.2 out of 2.2 points Which type of tissue covers the body’s surface? Selected Answer: Epithelia l Answers: Epithelia l Connective Muscle Nerve Response Feedback:Epithelial tissue covers the body surfaces. Connective tissue connects and supports parts of the body. Muscle contracts to produce movement. Nerve tissue generates and transmits impulses to regulate body function. Question 18 2.2 out of 2.2 points The constancy of the body’s internal environment is called homeostasis. Selected Answer: Tru e Answers: Tru e False CHAPTER 2 Question 1 2.3 out of 2.3 points Which four elements make up more than 96% of the human body? Selected Answer: Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen Answers:Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and iron Carbon, hydrogen, calcium, and oxygen Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and sodium Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen Response Feedback:Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are the most abundant elements in the human body and account for 96% of its mass. Calcium, iron, and sodium are critically important to the body’s structure and function but combined they make up less than 2% of its mass. Question 2 2.3 out of 2.3 points How do cells obtain energy?Selected Answer: Cells break bonds in ATP molecules. Answers:Energy is made in the liver and released into the blood for the cells to use. Cells break down protein molecules. Energy stored as fat is released into the blood. Cells break bonds in ATP molecules. Response Feedback:Cells obtain energy by breaking phosphate bonds in the ATP molecule. The liver does not release energy into the bloodstream; cells release energy when they need it. Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates can all be used for energy production; however, those substances must first be converted to ATP. Question 3 2.3 out of 2.3 points Covalent bonds form when Selected Answer: two atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells. Answers:positively charged hydrogen atoms attract negatively charged atoms. electrostatic forces bring atoms together to form a new molecule. two atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells. a nitrogen atom combines with a carbon atom. Response Feedback:Covalent bonding occurs when electrons are shared by two atoms so that each has a complete outer shell of eight electrons. The attraction of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is an example of hydrogen bonding. Electrostatic forces pull ions together; no electrons are shared. Nitrogen and carbon are involved in peptide bonds. Question 4 2.3 out of 2.3 points Where are protons and neutrons located? Selected Answer: Protons and neutrons both reside in the nucleus. Answers:Protons and neutrons orbit the nucleus in one or more concentric clouds. Protons orbit the nucleus in a cloud, and neutrons reside in the nucleus. Protons and neutrons both reside in the nucleus.Neutrons orbit the nucleus in a cloud, whereas protons reside in the nucleus. Response Feedback:Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom. Neither particle ever orbits the nucleus. Question 5 2.3 out of 2.3 points The basic building block of a protein molecule is Selected Answer: an amino acid. Answers:a carboxyl group. a nitrogen atom. an amino acid. an R group. Response Feedback:The basic unit of a protein molecule is an amino acid. The carboxyl group is part of a protein’s structure, but amino acids are the differentiating molecule. Nitrogen is essential to an amino acid but only when bonded to hydrogen. “R group” is the term used for the part of the amino acid that distinguishes it from other amino acids. It can be a single atom or a complex molecule. Question 6 2.3 out of 2.3 points What makes atoms electrically neutral? Selected Answer: An equal number of protons and electrons Answers: An equal number of protons and electrons The formation of ionic bonds An equal number of electrons and neutrons Neutrons, which neutralize the electrically charged protons and electrons Response Feedback:Atoms are neutral because the number of negatively charged electrons equals the number of positively charged protons. Ionic bonding produces a charged molecule. Neutrons are not charged, so they cannot cancel out electrons or “neutralize” a charge. Question 72.3 out of 2.3 points What causes an atom to emit radiation? Selected Answer: Unstable isotopes emit radiation as they decay. Answers:The electron cloud emits small amounts of radiation as the electrons accelerate. Unstable isotopes emit radiation as they decay. Atoms emit radiation when covalent bonds break down. Atoms emit radiation when ionic bonds break down. Response Feedback:An unstable isotope will seek a more stable state by emitting radiation from its nucleus. Electron clouds do not emit radiation. Breaking chemical bonds releases energy, not radiation. Question 8 2.3 out of 2.3 points An atom is stable when the outer shell contains how many electrons? Selected Answer: Eight Answers:Four Six Eight T welv e Response Feedback:Atoms are stable when the outer shell has eight electrons. The shell closest to the nucleus can hold two electrons; each shell after the inner shell can hold eight. Question 9 2.3 out of 2.3 points Which factor differentiates one element from another? Selected Answer: The number of protons Answers:The number of neutrons The number of protons The type of bonds formed by the atoms of the element The number of energy levels in the electron cloud Response Feedback:The number of protons is unique to each element. The number of neutrons distinguishes an element from its isotopes. The types of bonds formed by an element do not distinguish it from another element. Although the number of energy levels around the nucleus of different elements varies, it does not distinguish one element from another. Question 10 2.3 out of 2.3 points Which statement about acids is correct? Selected Answer: The greater the concentration of H+ ions, the stronger the acid Answers:The greater the percentage of nitrogen, the stronger the acid The greater the concentration of OH- ions, the stronger the acid The greater the concentration of H+ ions, the stronger the acid The greater the percentage of water, the weaker the acid Response Feedback:The greater the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) is, the stronger the acid is. The greater the concentration of OH- ions is, the stronger the base is. Nitrogen and water do not influence the degree of acidity. Question 11 2.3 out of 2.3 points Amino acids link together through Selected Answer: peptide bonds. Answers:protein bonds. peptide bonds. ionic bonds. hydrogen bonds. Response Feedback:Amino acids link together with peptide bonds. “Protein bond” is not a term in current use. Ionic bonds are bonds between ions. Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another. Hydrogen bonds may be present in large protein molecules, but hydrogen bonds do not form new molecules; they are simply weak attractions between polar atoms. Question 12 0 out of 2.3 pointsWhich type of carbohydrate provides the body with the most steady supply of energy and why? Selected Answer: Monosaccharides, because they break down quickly Answers:Monosaccharides, because they break down quickly Disaccharides, because they contain two sugar units bonded together Polysaccharides, because their multiple bonds take longer to break down Fatty saccharides, because fat slows digestion Response Feedback:Because polysaccharides contain many chemical bonds, they take longer to break down thus providing a steady supply of energy over several hours. Simpler carbohydrates such as monosaccharides and disaccharides are broken down quickly thereby releasing energy quickly. Although fat slows digestion, there is no such thing as a fatty saccharide. Question 13 2.3 out of 2.3 points Why do atoms lose, gain, or share electrons? Selected Answer: T o obtain stability Answers:T o release energy T o obtain stability T o increase bonding T o form compounds Response Feedback:Atoms lose, gain, or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell and stability. Energy is not released by bonding but is released by breaking bonds. The bonding of two atoms does not necessarily result in a compound; atoms of the same element bond to each other. Question 14 2.3 out of 2.3 points Which type of chemical reaction allows the body to create new proteins? Selected Answer: Synthesis Answers:Exchange Decomposition Synthesis Fusion Response Feedback:Synthesis is the creation of a complex substance from simpler substances. The body synthesizes protein from amino acids that it makes and from amino acids in food. An exchange reaction occurs when two molecules exchange atoms or groups of atoms; this type of reaction is not used to create new proteins. Decomposition is a process of breaking down, not building. Fusion has various meanings in science but none involves the creation of new proteins. Question 15 0 out of 2.3 points Which factors would increase the speed of chemical reactions that occur in the body? Selected Answer: A, B, and D only Answers:Increased levels of glucose in the blood Fever The presence of electrolytes The presence of catalysts B and D only C and D only A, B, and D only Response Feedback:Both catalysts and heat (fever) speed up molecular reactions. An increased level of glucose in the blood will not speed up chemical reactions. Electrolytes are a normal component of blood and do not speed up reactions. Question 16 2.3 out of 2.3 points Which element makes up the greatest percentage of the body’s weight? Selected Answer: Oxygen Answers:Carbon Hydrog en Nitroge n Oxygen Response Feedback:Oxygen makes up 65% of body mass. Carbon is next at 18%. Hydrogen and nitrogen comprise 10% and 3%, respectively. Question 17 2.3 out of 2.3 points Metabolism is Selected Answer: all the chemical reactions that occur in the body. Answers:the breakdown of food in the digestive tract. the creation of complex molecules from smaller units. all the chemical reactions that occur in the body. the chemical processes performed by the liver. Response Feedback:Metabolism refers to all chemical processes that occur in the body. Digestion of food is just one example of a metabolic process, as is the creation of complex molecules. The liver and its many processes are critical to metabolism, but it is not the only organ involved. Question 18 2.3 out of 2.3 points Why are some amino acids called essential? Selected Answer: They must be obtained from outside sources. Answers:They are essential for making bones and teeth. They make enzymes essential for the breakdown of food. They must be obtained from outside sources. The body must manufacture them. Response Feedback:Essential amino acids are those that the body cannot make and must be obtained from outside sources. The body needs amino acids to make many structures and substances, but essential amino acids must be ingested. Question 19 2.3 out of 2.3 points The four main organic compounds in the human body are Selected Answer: carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Answers:carbohydrates, bile acids, lipids, and proteins. carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. calcium carbonate, protein, carbohydrates, and hemoglobin. hemoglobin, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and protein. Response Feedback:Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids are the four major organic compounds. Hemoglobin is a protein; calcium carbonate is a buffering dietary supplement; bile acids are not a major organic compound. Question 20 0 out of 2.3 points Based on your understanding of catabolism, what does it means when a person is in a catabolic state? Selected Answer: The person has a high degree of energy because of the breakdown of chemical bonds. Answers:The person has an excess of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The person is suffering from malnutrition and breaking down body tissues for fuel. The person has a high degree of energy because of the breakdown of chemical bonds. The person is still growing and requires energy to do so. Response Feedback:In states of health, the body performs both catabolic and anabolic processes at the cellular level all the time. However, if a person is said to be in a catabolic state, it means that the person is malnourished and is breaking down important body tissues for energy. The body manufactures ATP as it needs it but does not create it in excess. A person in a catabolic state has less energy. Stages of normal growth and development are considered anabolic stages. Question 21 0 out of 2.3 points Adding or removing electrons from an atom results in the formation of a(n) Selected Answer: different element. Answers:isotope. different element. ion. change in the atom’s atomic weight. Response Feedback:Ions are atoms that have either lost or gained electrons, which changes the atom from electrically neutral to charged. Isotopes result from a change in the number of neutrons. Adding or removing electrons does not create a different element. The number of protons added to the number of neutrons equals the atomic weight. Question 22 2.3 out of 2.3 points Nucleic acids and nucleotides form Selected Answer: DNA and RNA. Answers:proteins. fatty acids. DNA and RNA. amino acids. Response Feedback:Nucleic acids and nucleotides form DNA and RNA. Proteins are formed from amino acids. Fatty acids are components of lipids. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen are the elements that make amino acids. Question 23 2.3 out of 2.3 points Transfer of electrons from an atom of one element to an atom of another element results in Selected Answer: an ionic bond Answers:a covalent bond. an ionic bond a hydrogen bond. one unstable atom and one stable atom. Response Feedback:Transfer of electrons from one atom to another is the definition of ionic bonding. Covalent and hydrogen bonds do not involve transfer of electrons. Ionic bonding creates a stable molecule because both atoms have full outer shells. Question 24 2.3 out of 2.3 points Particles will separate out of aSelected Answer: suspensi on. Answers:solution. colloid. suspensi on. mixture. Response Feedback:Particles settle out of suspensions because they are too large to dissolve. Solutions contain dissolved particles. Colloids contain particles small enough to stay dispersed throughout the liquid but large enough to cause cloudiness. “Mixture” is a broad term for two or more substances that are physically combined. Solutions, colloids, and suspensions are three basic mixtures. Question 25 2.3 out of 2.3 points How do water molecules form, and what factors create water’s hydrogen bond? Selected Answer: T wo hydrogen atoms covalently bond to an oxygen atom. This forms a water molecule that is weakly positive on the hydrogen side and weakly negative on the oxygen side. These opposing charges form a mild attachment to other water molecules called a hydrogen bond. Answers:Each of two hydrogen atoms donates its electron to an oxygen atom to fill its outer shell. This forms two hydrogen anions and one oxygen cation. The larger oxygen cation attracts the two hydrogen anions, forming two attachments called hydrogen bonds and creating the neutral water molecule. T wo hydrogen atoms covalently bond to an oxygen atom. This forms a water molecule that is weakly positive on the hydrogen side and weakly negative on the oxygen side. These opposing charges form a mild attachment to other water molecules called a hydrogen bond. The single electron on the shell of a hydrogen atom bonds covalently to another hydrogen atom to complete both outer shells. This H 2 molecule now has two weakly positive ends, which attract a weakly negative oxygen atom. This attachment is the hydrogen bond and forms the water molecule. The electrons of two hydrogen atoms form ionic bonds with an oxygen atom, forming a water molecule with four free electrons on the oxygen side. The hydrogen side has a strong positive charge because the single protons are no longer countered by their electrons. The oxygen side is negatively charged because it now has more electrons than protons. The positively charged hydrogen side of one water molecule attracts the negatively charged oxygen side of another water molecule. Each hydrogen atom forms a weak attachment with two of an oxygen atom’s remaining electrons. These are the hydrogen bonds. Response Feedback:Water molecules form when two hydrogen atoms covalently bond (i.e., share electrons) to an oxygen atom. The two hydrogen atoms have weak, positive charges, whereas the oxygen side has a weak, negative charge. The partially positive oxygen side of one water molecule is attracted to the partially negative hydrogen side of another molecule. This results in a weak attachment called a hydrogen bond . Hydrogen does not donate its electron, it shares it with the oxygen atom. Therefore, it does not form ions and the water molecule is not neutral. Hydrogen atoms do not first bond to each other and then to an oxygen atom. Each hydrogen bonds with the oxygen separately. T wo covalently bonded hydrogen atoms will have no free electrons to share with an oxygen atom. The hydrogen atoms form covalent bonds, not ionic bonds. Question 26 2.3 out of 2.3 points Which compound is the body’s main energy source? Selected Answer: Carbohydr ates Answers:Protein Carbohydr ates Fats Enzymes Response Feedback:Carbohydrates are the main energy source. Protein and fats can be converted into energy for the body, but only if carbohydrate intake is insufficient. Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions. Question 27 2.3 out of 2.3 points What is the normal pH of human blood? Is it acidic, alkaline, or neutral? Selected Answer: 7.35 to 7.45, slightly alkaline Answers: 7.35 to 7.45, slightly alkaline 7.5 to 7.9, alkaline 6.5 to 6.75, slightly acidic 7.0, neutral Response The normal blood pH is 7.35 to 7.45, which is Feedback:slightly alkaline. Question 28 17.44 out of 21.8 points Match each term to its definition or characteristic. QuestionCorrect MatchSelected Match Positively charged atomic particle A. proton A. proton Stored form of sugar in the human body F . glycogen F . glycogen Having oppositely charged ends H. polar H. polar COOH molecule D. carboxyl group D. carboxyl group Atom with a positive charge E. cation E. cation Substances that donate or remove H+ ions I. buffer G. catalyst Atom with a negative charge J. anion J. anion Primary source of energy used by most of the body’s cells C. glucose C. glucose Substance that enhances the rate of a chemical reaction G. catalyst I. buffer NH3 molecule B. amino group B. amino group Question 29 0 out of 2.3 points Electrons are found Selected Answer: orbiting around the nucleus in circular paths. Answers:orbiting around the nucleus in circular paths. moving around the nucleus in concentric clouds. in individual clouds (one electron per cloud) that orbit the nucleus. in fixed positions on the rings that surround the nucleus.Response Feedback:Electrons move around the nucleus in concentric clouds that represent different energy levels. Electrons do not orbit in circular paths like the planets orbit the Sun. The electron cloud can contain many electrons and does not orbit the nucleus but surrounds it. Electrons do not maintain fixed positions. Question 30 2.3 out of 2.3 points Which element differentiates organic compounds from inorganic compounds? Selected Answer: Carbon Answers:Oxygen Hydrog en Carbon Nitroge n Response Feedback:Carbon differentiates organic compounds from inorganic compounds. Oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen are a part of many organic compounds, but it is only by combining with carbon that the formation of all living things is possible. Question 31 0 out of 2.3 points Which statement relates best to why water is so important to the human body? Selected Answer: The average adult human body is about 60% water. Answers:The average adult human body is about 60% water. Water is needed for most chemical reactions to take place. All the cells in the body are surrounded by water. Water lubricates many body tissues. Response Feedback:All the answers are true and important, but the fact that most of the chemical reactions required for life take place in water is the most important. Question 32 0 out of 2.3 points Which of the following describes a solute?Selected Answer: Particles of matter dissolved in a substance, often water Answers:Particles of matter dissolved in a substance, often water Large particles of matter in a substance like water but not dissolved Particles that do not separate out of a clear liquid when allowed to stand Small particles that do not separate out of a cloudy liquid when allowed to stand A and D only B and D only A and C only Response Feedback:A solute consists of particles of matter dissolved in a substance so thoroughly that the liquid (called a solution) is clear. The particles must not separate out of the solvent when allowed to stand. A suspension contains large particles of undissolved matter. Particles are given the name solute only when they are small enough to be completely dissolved and the liquid becomes clear. A colloid contains small particles that don’t separate out of a cloudy liquid. Question 33 0 out of 2.3 points A sequence of amino acids in a chain is called the Selected Answer: polypeptide bond. Answers:carboxyl group. primary structure. polypeptide bond. amino group. Response Feedback:A protein’s primary structure is a simple chain of amino acids. All amino acids have a central carbon atom with an amino group and a carboxyl group bonded to it. A polypeptide is a sequence of amino acids, but it is not a type of bond. The amino group consists of one atom of nitrogen covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. It is a functional part of one amino acid, not a sequence of them in a chain.Question 34 2.3 out of 2.3 points Acidity or alkalinity is determined using the Selected Answer: pH scale. Answers:Kelvin scale. acid test. pH scale. anion test. Response Feedback:Acidity or alkalinity is measured on the pH scale, which determines the degree of H+ or OH- ions in the solution. The Kelvin scale is a measurement of temperature. The term “acid test” has many uses, but it is not used to determine acidity or alkalinity of solutions. Chemists can analyze solution for the presence of anions, but that type of testing is not used for determining the concentration of H+ or OH- in a solution. Question 35 2.3 out of 2.3 points How do mixtures differ from compounds? Selected Answer: Mixtures are not combined chemically. Answers:Mixtures are new substances with properties unlike the properties of the elements in the mix. Mixtures are either liquid or solid, whereas compounds are solid, liquid, or gas. Mixtures are not combined chemically. Mixtures cannot be separated by physical means, such as filtering. Response Feedback:Mixtures are not combined chemically, they are blended together. Compounds, not mixtures, have unique properties unlike the properties of the combined elements. Mixtures can be liquid, solid, or gas. Mixtures can be separated by physical means, whereas compounds can be separated only by chemical means. Tuesday, February 28, 2017 2:09:20 PM ESTCHAPTER 3 Question 1 2.3 out of 2.3 points Which four elements make up more than 96% of the human body? Selected Answer: Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen Answers:Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and iron Carbon, hydrogen, calcium, and oxygen Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and sodium Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen Response Feedback:Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are the most abundant elements in the human body and account for 96% of its mass. Calcium, iron, and sodium are critically important to the body’s structure and function but combined they make up less than 2% of its mass. Question 2 2.3 out of 2.3 points How do cells obtain energy? Selected Answer: Cells break bonds in ATP molecules. Answers:Energy is made in the liver and released into the blood for the cells to use. Cells break down protein molecules. Energy stored as fat is released into the blood. Cells break bonds in ATP molecules. Response Feedback:Cells obtain energy by breaking phosphate bonds in the ATP molecule. The liver does not release energy into the bloodstream; cells release energy when they need it. Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates can all be used for energy production; however, those substances must first be converted to ATP.Question 3 2.3 out of 2.3 points Covalent bonds form when Selected Answer: two atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells. Answers:positively charged hydrogen atoms attract negatively charged atoms. electrostatic forces bring atoms together to form a new molecule. two atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells. a nitrogen atom combines with a carbon atom. Response Feedback:Covalent bonding occurs when electrons are shared by two atoms so that each has a complete outer shell of eight electrons. The attraction of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is an example of hydrogen bonding. Electrostatic forces pull ions together; no electrons are shared. Nitrogen and carbon are involved in peptide bonds. Question 4 2.3 out of 2.3 points Where are protons and neutrons located? Selected Answer: Protons and neutrons both reside in the nucleus. Answers:Protons and neutrons orbit the nucleus in one or more concentric clouds. Protons orbit the nucleus in a cloud, and neutrons reside in the nucleus. Protons and neutrons both reside in the nucleus. Neutrons orbit the nucleus in a cloud, whereas protons reside in the nucleus. Response Feedback:Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom. Neither particle ever orbits the nucleus. Question 5 2.3 out of 2.3 points The basic building block of a protein molecule is Selected Answer: an amino acid. Answers:a carboxyl group. a nitrogen atom.