(Test Bank) Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion

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1 Test Bank for Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Motivation and emotion are both derived from the Latin word movere, which means to a. mediate. b. move. c. emphasize. d. make. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: No Need to Tell Lady Gaga OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact 2. Regarding motivation and emotions, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The words motivation and emotion both derive from the Latin word movere, which means to move. b. If you are unaware of your emotions, you will be vulnerable to health problems, such as depression or addiction. c. “Simple” motivated activities, such as eating, are solely under the control of the body. d. External cues, expectations, learning, cultural values, and other factors influence our motives and emotions. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: No Need to Tell Lady Gaga OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 3. Our motives and emotions are influenced by which of the following? a. external cues b. learning c. cultural values d. all of these ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: No Need to Tell Lady Gaga OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Concept 4. Motivation is defined as a. an internal deficiency that energizes behavior. b. the goals which reward our behavior and maintain behavior. c. internal mechanisms which initiate, maintain, direct, and terminate behavior. d. needs associated with impulses for self-actualization. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact 5. Which of the following refers to the process of initiating, directing, sustaining, and terminating the activities of an organism? a. perception b. motivation 2 c. emotion 3 d. learning ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact 6. Regarding the activities of an organism, motivation is the process of initiating, directing, sustaining, and these activities. a. supplying b. terminating c. surveying d. elaborating ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 7. While studying in the library, Kayleigh became very hungry and went to a vending machine which was empty, and to the cafeteria which was closed. So she drove home and cooked herself a meal and ate it, satisfying her hunger. This food -seeking behavior was initiated by a bodily need with her search being sustained and directed to various food sources until her need was met. This illustrates a. motivation. b. behavioral dieting. c. the opponent-process theory. d. the Yerkes-Dodson law. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Application 8. Which of the following is the correct sequence for the motivational process? a. drive - need - response - goal attainment b. need - drive - response - goal attainment c. need - drive - goal attainment - response d. drive - need - goal attainment - response ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact 9. In terms of motivation, a need is a(n) a. reinforcement response. b. internal deficiency. c. drive. d. behavioral response. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact 10. An internal lack or deficiency is referred to as a. a drive. b. a goal. 4 c. a need. d. homeostasis. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact 11. An energized motivational state is referred to as a. a drive. b. a goal. c. a need. d. homeostasis. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact 12. The psychological expression of internal needs or valued goals is referred to as a. a drive. b. a goal. c. a need. d. homeostasis. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 13. When you feel hunger or thirst, each of these psychological states would be classified as which element of motivation? a. need b. drive c. deprivation d. incentive value ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Concept 14. In the motivational sequence, needs generate drives, which in turn activate a. goals. b. expectations. c. incentives. d. responses. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact 15. In the motivational sequence, any action, glandular activity, or other identifiable behavior is called a(n) a. goal. b. expectation. 5 c. incentive. d. response. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 16. The “target” of one’s motivated behavior is known as a(n) a. drive. b. goal. c. incentive. d. transductive level. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Fact 17. The chain of events that make up the model of motivation ends when which of the following is reached? a. a drive b. a goal c. an incentive d. a transductive level ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.1 KEY: Concept 18. Regarding drives, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. The strength of drives may differ from that of the need on which they are based. b. Drives are a biological state induced by internal incentives. c. Drives may be activated by responses as well as by needs. d. Drives result from satisfying a goal. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.2 KEY: Concept 19. It is not uncommon for older people to suffer from dehydration despite experiencing a lack of thirst, which means that they have a. a drive but not a need. b. a need but not a drive. c. both a drive and a need. d. neither a need nor a drive. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 6 20. If you have been fasting for two days, but do not feel hungry, we would say that you have a. a drive for food but not a need for food. b. a need for food but not a drive for food. c. both a drive and a need for food. d. neither a need nor a drive for food. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 21. After having a very large meal at her mother’s house, Stefani complains that she is “too full to move.” Soon after, Stefani’s aunt arrives with a strawberry pie, which is Stefani’s favorite; and Stefani eats three large pieces of the pie. Stefani’s eating of the pie after having a large meal is best explained by the a. “pull” of external stimuli. b. “push” of internal needs. c. process of homeostasis. d. drive reduction of stimulus motives. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 22. Desirable goals may motivate behavior in the absence of internal need. This property is known as a goal’s a. gradient potential. b. drive potential. c. homeostasis value. d. incentive value. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.3 KEY: Fact 23. The value of a goal above and beyond its ability to fill a need is known as its value. a. homeostatic b. stimulus c. extrinsic d. incentive ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.3 KEY: Fact 24. You have just eaten a large meal and feel extremely full. Then, the waiter tells you about their signature dessert, “Death by Chocolate.” Your ordering of this dessert is best explained by a. drive reduction. b. an internal need. c. an incentive value. 7 d. homeostasis. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.3 KEY: Application 25. Fresh, live silkworms are highly nutritious; however, if you are very hungry, you will probably reject them as food because the grubworms are a. high in incentive value. b. high in motivation. c. low in incentive value. d. low in stimulus motives. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.3 KEY: Application 26. Regarding incentives, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Our actions are energized by a mixture of internal needs and external incentives. b. Incentive value cannot be used to explain the drives for success, status, and approval. c. Some goals are so desirable that they can motivate behavior in the absence of an internal need. d. Some goals are so low in incentive value that they may be rejected even if they could meet the internal need. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.3 KEY: Concept 27. Which of the following help to explain motives that do not seem to come from internal needs, such as the drives for success, status, or approval? a. gradient potential b. drive potential c. homeostasis value d. incentive value ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.3 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 28. Motives can be divided into three major categories, which are a. physical, social, and individual. b. biological, stimulus, and learned. c. prepotent, homeostatic, and incentive. d. primary, secondary, and tertiary. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 29. Needs that must be met for one’s survival are referred to as motives. a. biological b. incentive 8 c. extrinsic d. stimulus ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Fact 30. Biological motives are a. needs that are learned, such as the need for power or for achievement. b. innate but not necessary for survival. c. not innate but necessary for survival. d. innate and necessary for survival. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Fact 31. Hunger, thirst, pain avoidance, sleep needs, and regulation of body temperature are motives. a. stimulus b. extrinsic c. biological d. incentive ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Concept 32. Which of the following is classified as a biological motive? a. aggression b. physical contact c. security d. pain avoidance ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Concept 33. A commercial for an ice cold beverage shown on a day with record high temperatures is probably an effort to arouse one’s motives. a. biological b. extrinsic c. learned d. stimulus ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Application 34. Your needs for physical contact as well as your needs for activity and exploration are classified as motives. 9 a. biological b. learned c. homeostatic d. stimulus ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 35. Stimulus motives differ from biological motives in that stimulus motives a. are innate and necessary for survival. b. appear to be innate, but are not necessary for survival. c. are acquired through various forms of conditioning and learning. d. include needs for security, status, approval, and achievement. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Concept 36. Concerning stimulus motives, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Stimulus motives express our needs for stimulation and information. b. Stimulus motives appear to be innate. c. Stimulus motives are not necessary for survival. d. Stimulus motives include the needs for security, approval, affiliation, and status. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Concept 37. Which of the following is a stimulus motive? a. aggression b. physical contact c. the desire for money d. pain avoidance ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Concept 38. Thomas Edison, who patented over 1,000 inventions, was interested in exploring new ideas and ways of doing things. His insatiable curiosity would be called a motive. a. stimulus b. biological c. learned d. survival ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Application 10 39. Learned motives involve needs that are a. often social in nature. b. innate but not necessary for survival. c. not innate but necessary for survival. d. innate and necessary for survival. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Concept 40. The needs for power, affiliation, approval, status, and security are classified as motives. a. homeostatic b. biological c. stimulus d. learned ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Concept 41. Which of the following is a learned motive? a. curiosity b. power c. physical contact d. pain avoidance ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 42. “Snob appeal,” an advertising approach that appeals to status, is an effort to arouse one’s motives. a. biological b. homeostatic c. learned d. stimulus ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Application 43. On the basis of religious faith, a starving Hindu refuses to eat beef that has been made available to him. In this case, it might be said that a a. learned motive overpowered a biological motive. b. stimulus motive overpowered a biological motive. c. biological motive overpowered a learned motive. d. biological motive overpowered a stimulus motive. 11 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.4 KEY: Application 44. Biological drives are essential because they maintain a steady state of bodily equilibrium called a. thermostasis. b. biological rhythm. c. intrinsic motivation. d. homeostasis. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.5 KEY: Fact 45. The maintenance of steady states of temperature and blood pressure are examples of a. thermostasis. b. homeostasis. c. extrinsic motivation. d. motivational learning. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.5 KEY: Concept 46. The term “homeostasis” means a. “standing steady.” b. “equal parts.” c. “vitrous balance.” d. “sameness.” ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.5 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 47. Your body will automatically try to bring the body back into a state of equilibrium when your body falls below its ideal level, or a. thermostatic potential. b. set point. c. match point. d. optimum potential. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.5 KEY: Concept 48. When your body falls below its ideal level for body temperature, it will automatically begin to shiver in order to raise your temperature and bring your body back into a. optimum potential level. 12 b. thermostatic potential. c. homeostasis. d. incentive levels. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.5 KEY: Concept 49. Your body’s tendency to maintain equilibrium is similar to which of the following in your home? a. a thermostat b. a rechargeable battery c. a smoke detector d. an electric generator ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.5 KEY: Concept 50. About ten minutes after Janice starts her 30 -minute walk on the treadmill, she begins to perspire, which helps to cool her off. Her body’s tendency to maintain normal body temperature is a function of a. instinct. b. drive. c. social learning. d. homeostasis. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.5 KEY: Application 51. When the human body enters a state of disequilibrium a. the first reactions of your body are automatic. b. you become aware of discomfort before your body reacts. c. the chemicals in your body do not change. d. primary motives are ignored until balance is restored. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.5 KEY: Fact 52. Scientists have long known that body activity is guided by internal “biological clocks” known as a. biofeedback. b. stimulus motives. c. circadian rhythms. d. homeostatic equilibrium. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 53. The term circadian rhythm comes from circa, which “about,” and diem, which means 13 a. clock. b. body. c. day. d. light. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 54. A circadian rhythm refers to a cycle a. of sexual receptivity caused by hormone cycles. b. of bodily activity approximately 24 hours in length. c. of emotional arousal. d. during which various bodily systems are in a dysfunctional state. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 55. Throughout the day, which of the following shift from hour to hour? a. body temperature b. blood pressure c. amino acid levels d. all of these ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 56. Throughout the day, activities in the liver, kidneys, and endocrine glands undergo large changes. Body temperature, blood pressure, and amino acid levels also shift from hour to hour. In fact, people tend to be more energetic and alert when these and other activities are at their highest point once a day. This is a description of a. the Yerkes-Dodson law. b. sensation-seeking patterns. c. circadian rhythms. d. biological condensation. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Fact 57. Most people are more energetic, alert, and in a better mood at a. the high point of their circadian rhythms. b. the median point of their circadian rhythms. c. the low point of their circadian rhythms. d. varying points within their circadian rhythms depending on the season. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Fact 14 REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Fact 58. “Day people” wake up alert, are energetic early in the day, and fall asleep early in the evening, while “night people” wake up groggy, are lively in the afternoon or early evening, and stay up late. This occurs because “day peopl e” have early peaks and “night people” have later peaks in their a. ASCs. b. sensation-seeking patterns. c. circadian rhythms. d. opponent processes. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 59. You can increase your efficiency by scheduling recreation, chores, and studying a. around your personal circadian rhythms. b. by establishing a new circadian rhythm. c. according to one’s median level on a homeostasis chart. d. according to your horoscope. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Concept 60. Which of the following is a good indicator of a person’s circadian rhythm with most people reaching a low point two to three hours before their normal waking time? a. serotonin level b. noradrenaline level c. digestive function d. core body temperature ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Fact 61. Jet lag results when travelers experience a lack of synchronization between the local time of the place they have traveled to and their a. ASC’s. b. sensation-seeking patterns. c. circadian rhythms. d. opponent processes. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Concept 62. With jet lag, one would be expected to experience a. excessive arousal. b. fatigue, irritability, upset stomach, and depression. c. periods of mental inefficiency interspersed with periods of enhanced mental agility. d. changes in personality traits. 15 ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Fact 63. Aaron is switching from a day shift at work back to a late night/early morning shift. He can expect to experience a. excessive arousal and increased mental clarity. b. irritability, fatigue, depression, and an upset stomach. c. periods of mental inefficiency interspersed with periods of enhanced mental agility. d. changes in his long-standing personality traits. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Application 64. One might expect an ambassador forced to return on short notice to his or her native country to perform poorly because a. minimal needs for intellectual stimulation have not been met. b. optimal needs for intellectual stimulation have not been met. c. low levels of anxiety have risen to moderate levels. d. circadian rhythms have been disrupted. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Application 65. In national championship collegiate athletic competitions, the team that has to travel across five time zones is at a disadvantage because of a. sleep deprivation. b. jet lag. c. disruption in biorhythms due to a fear of flying. d. preadaptation. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Application 66. Regarding circadian rhythms, jet lag, and shift work, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. People are usually more motivated and alert at the high point of their circadian rhythms. b. Adjusting to jet lag is slowest when you stay indoors. c. Shift work changes on the body are very different from those caused by jet lag. d. A few intermittent five-minute periods of exposure to bright light early in the morning are helpful for resetting your circadian rhythm. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 67. Regarding jet lag, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. If you fly great distances east or west, the peaks and valleys of your circadian rhythms will 16 be out of phase with the sun and clocks. b. Adjusting to jet lag is fastest when you stay indoors. c. Shift work changes can have the same effect on the body as jet lag. d. A few intermittent five-minute periods of exposure to bright light early in the morning are helpful for resetting your circadian rhythm. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 68. Which of the following can help reset one’s circadian rhythms? a. staying indoors in artificial light during the initial shift b. five-minute periods of exposure to bright light intermittently in the early morning c. plenty of coffee and high energy drinks early in the morning d. all of these ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Concept 69. Bright light affects the timing of body rhythms by reducing the amount of a. melatonin. b. serotonin. c. acetylcholine. d. androgens. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Fact 70. Bright light affects the timing of body rhythms by reducing the amount of melatonin produced by the a. adrenal glands. b. pineal gland. c. pituitary gland. d. pancreas. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 71. It is bedtime as far as the brain is concerned, when levels of which of the following rise late in the evening? a. melatonin b. serotonin c. acetylcholine d. androgens ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Fact 17 72. If one is “cramming” for final exams, it is better to a. take frequent naps throughout the day in order to be able to stay awake at night. b. give yourself a day to recover before pulling another “all nighter.” c. maintain your regular sleep pattern. d. do none of these. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.6 KEY: Application 73. Biological needs for food, water, sleep, and elimination are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT for a. being influenced by external factors. b. coming and going in fairly regular cycles each day. c. being homeostatic. d. being considered stimulus motives. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.7 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 74. Biological needs for food, water, air, sleep, and elimination are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT a. being influenced by external factors. b. being considered episodic drives. c. prompting us to actively seek a desired goal. d. being generated by a combination of activities in the body and the brain. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 75. Thirst and sleepiness are a. episodic drives. b. come and go in a fairly regular cycle each day. c. unaffected by external incentives. d. unaffected by early experiences and learning. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.7 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 76. Pain avoidance is a. episodic. b. cyclical. c. a stimulus motive. d. unaffected by attitudes or learning. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.7 REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.7 KEY: Concept 18 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 77. Which of the following biological motives is considered episodic? a. hunger b. thirst c. sleepiness d. pain avoidance ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.7 KEY: Concept 78. Pain avoidance is unusual among the biological drives because it a. occurs in cycles rather than being episodic. b. is unaffected by attitudes and learning. c. is characterized by avoidance or elimination rather than goal-seeking. d. is characterized by all of these. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.7 KEY: Concept 79. Pain avoidance is unusual among the biological drives because it is a. episodic rather than occurring in cycles. b. not affected by attitudes and learning. c. characterized by goal-seeking. d. characterized by all of these. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.7 KEY: Concept 80. If a parent told a child to be strong and not to cry when the child got hurt, the parent might be trying to a. decrease the child’s tolerance for pain. b. increase the child’s tolerance for pain. c. make the pain episodic. d. control the cyclical nature of the pain. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.7 KEY: Application 81. Members of some societies endure cutting, burning, whipping, and piercing of the skin that would be agonizing to most people. This is best explained by a difference in pain tolerance that is due to a. the age and gender of the persons. b. the differences in body chemistry. 19 c. the learned attitudes of different cultures. d. whether the pain avoidance is episodic or occurs in cycles. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.7 KEY: Concept 82. LaTara has a high pain tolerance, while Janae has a low pain tolerance. The difference is most likely due to a. the type of pain each is enduring. b. differences in their body chemistry. c. the attitudes they learned by observing role models. d. whether the pain avoidance is episodic or occurs in cycles. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.7 KEY: Application 83. Regarding pain tolerance, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. In general, we learn how to react to pain by observing friends’ and family members’ reactions to pain. b. Pain avoidance is considered a stimulus motive. c. Pain avoidance is episodic. d. Pain prompts us to avoid or to eliminate sources of discomfort. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Motivation -Forces That Push and Pull OBJ: 9.1.7 KEY: Concept 84. Our hunger levels are affected by a. internal bodily factors. b. external environmental factors. c. social factors. d. all of these. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.1 KEY: Concept 85. In an early experiment by Cannon and Washburn, Washburn swallowed a balloon so that a. the balloon could prevent hunger by filling up the stomach. b. the balloon could be inflated and allow the recording of stomach contractions. c. the balloon would stop digestion, allowing the stomach to be examined. d. hunger could be controlled by artificially causing stomach contractions. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.1 KEY: Fact 86. Which of the following scientists performed an experiment that consisted of one of the scientists swallowing a balloon that was inflated so that the movements of the stomach could be recorded? 20 a. Dollard and Miller b. Yerkes and Dodson c. Cannon and Washburn d. James and Lange ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.1 KEY: Fact 87. Which part of the brain regulates many motives, including hunger, thirst, and the sex drive? a. thalamus b. hypothalamus c. midbrain d. hippocampus ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.1 KEY: Fact 88. Regarding hunger, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Eating is encouraged and increases when the stomach is stretched or distended. b. The stomach is not essential for feeling hunger. c. The brain receives many signals from parts of the digestive system, ranging from the tongue and stomach to the intestines and liver. d. For many people, hunger produces an overall feeling of weakness or shakiness, rather than a “growling” stomach. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.2 KEY: Fact 89. Cutting sensory nerves from the stomach, or removing it entirely, causes a. a total loss of appetite. b. eating based on a recognized need, not internal feelings of hunger. c. little change with the person experiencing the feeling of hunger and eating regularly. d. the need for patients to be “trained” to eat; otherwise, they would inadvertently starve to death. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.2 KEY: Fact 90. People who have had their stomachs surgically removed a. report that they no longer feel hunger pangs. b. may fail to eat regularly. c. must be force fed. d. still experience hunger. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.2 KEY: Fact 21 91. Carolyn was diagnosed with cancer of the stomach. Her stomach was surgically removed. After the operation, she will probably a. feel hungrier and eat more. b. starve unless force fed. c. feel no hunger but will eat because she still feels thirst. d. continue to feel hungry and eat regularly. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.2 KEY: Application 92. Which of the following would have the LEAST effect on feelings of hunger? a. removing a person’s stomach b. weight dropping below the body’s “set point” c. removing the hypothalamus d. the sugar level of the blood being low ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.2 KEY: Concept 93. The most critical physiological factor controlling hunger is the a. level of blood sugar. b. presence of stomach contractions. c. taste of food. d. the stretching or distention of the abdomen. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.2 KEY: Concept 94. Which part of the brain regulates hunger by responding to blood sugar levels as well as combining neural messages received from the liver and stomach? a. thalamus b. hypothalamus c. midbrain d. hippocampus ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.2 KEY: Fact 95. Which area of the brain contains both the feeding center and the satiety center? a. amygdala b. medulla c. hypothalamus d. hippocampus ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 22 KEY: Fact 96. The feeding center of the brain is found in the hypothalamus. a. lateral b. ventromedial c. cortical d. endometrial ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 97. The satiety center of the brain is found in the hypothalamus. a. lateral b. ventromedial c. cortical d. endometrial ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 98. The feeding center of the brain is found in the of the hypothalamus. a. bottom middle part b. side portions c. top and bottom parts d. center ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 99. The satiety center of the brain is found in the of the hypothalamus. a. bottom middle part b. side portions c. top part d. direct center ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 100. Electrically stimulating the lateral hypothalamus will cause a rat to a. start eating. b. stop eating. c. go to sleep. d. become so manic it will be unable to sleep. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult 23 REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Application 101. If the lateral hypothalamus is destroyed in a starving animal, the animal will a. overeat drastically. b. become unusually sensitive to external cues for eating. c. become unusually sensitive to internal cues for eating. d. refuse to eat. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Application 102. Clarence suffered a stroke that destroyed his lateral hypothalamus (LH). This damage is likely to cause Clarence to a. refuse to eat. b. never feel full. c. overeat. d. experience massive weight gain without overeating. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Application 103. When you are hungry, your stomach lining produces a hormone that activates your lateral hypothalamus. This hormone is called a. oxytocin. b. throxin. c. ghrelin. d. insulin. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Concept 104. When you are hungry, your stomach lining produces ghrelin, a hormone that activates your a. lateral hypothalamus. b. vertromedial hypothalamus. c. cortical region of the pons. d. corpus callosum. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Concept 105. Regarding the mechanisms of hunger, which of the following statements is FALSE? 24 a. When you are hungry, your stomach lining produces ghrelin. b. Ghrelin activates parts of the brain involved in learning. c. One should study immediately after eating, not before you eat. d. Ghrelin is a hormone that activates a person’s lateral hypothalamus. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Fact 106. Regarding the mechanisms of hunger, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. When you are hungry, your stomach lining produces ghrelin. b. Ghrelin activates parts of the brain involved in learning. c. One should study before you eat, not immediately after. d. Ghrelin is an amino acid that activates a person’s ventromedial hypothalamus. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Fact 107. The “stop mechanism” for eating is a. located in the lateral hypothalamus. b. called the satiety center. c. activated by the hormone ghrelin. d. characterized by all of these. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 108. The ventromedial area of the hypothalamus has been destroyed in Ricky the rat’s brain. Ricky the rat will a. eat until he becomes obese. b. refuse to eat until forced to do so. c. drink only a salty liquid. d. refuse to drink until forced to do so. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Application 109. Researchers electrically activated Snippy the rat’s ventromedial hypothalamus. This activation will likely cause Snippy to a. refuse to eat. b. drink large amounts of sweet liquid. c. eat moderately. d. overeat and become obese. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 25 KEY: Application 110. Damage to the hunger satiety system can produce a very fat rat, a condition called a. acquired bulimia. b. hippocampal obesity. c. hypothalamic hyperphagia. d. acromegaly. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Fact 111. Eating will cease when a chemical is released by the intestines called a. NPY. b. GLP-1. c. BMI. d. insulin. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Fact 112. Which of the following substances is released from the intestines, causes eating to cease, and shows promise in the treatment of obesity? a. neuropeptide Y. b. glucagon-like peptide 1 c. BMI. d. insulin. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 113. Which part of the hypothalamus helps keep blood sugar levels steady and is very sensitive to neuropeptide Y (NPY)? a. lateral hypothalamus b. paraventricular nucleus c. ventromedial hypothalamus d. leptinous nucleus ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hunger and Thirst-Eat, Drink, and Be Merry OBJ: 9.2.3 KEY: Fact 114. An animal will eat until it cannot hold another bite, if which substance is present in large amounts? a. leptin b. GLP-1 c. glucagon