(Test Bank) Communication in a Civil Society

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Social Science

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Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 1 Chapter 1 A First Look at Civil Communication Multiple Choice 1.1.1 Which is not a reason for choosing to be civil in our communication? a. lowering our stress levels b. avoiding personal injury c. avoiding learning about our differences with others d. contributing to the well -being of the human spirit ANS: c, p. 2, F, LO=1.1, (2) 1.1.2 The most important reason to communicate civilly is a. it influences how others perceive us and our behavior b. it makes other people feel good c. it allows honest discourse d. it helps us lear n about others ANS: a, p. 2, C, LO=1.1, (2) 1.1.3 You are planning to a trip to another country where expectations of dress are very conservative. Which of these options would be the most civil? a. reading up on the country’s customs and making sure that you obtain suitable clothing for your time there b. wearing what you like because it’s your dream trip c. reading up on the country’s customs and deciding what clothes you have that would be suitable d. reading up on the country’s customs and deciding which you will try to observe ANS: a, p.2 , A, LO=1.1, (3) 1.1.4 What is not a some results of uncivil communication? a. lowered productivity at work b. undermined democratic process c. higher stress levels d. increased possibility of compromise ANS: d, p.2 , C, LO=1.1, (2) 1.1.5 Which of the following statements is not true of civility? a. it does not require us to be silent b. it requires that we speak our mind s c. it is a choice we make on behalf of others d. it does not require that we agree with others (Communication in a Civil Society, 1e Shelley D Lane ) (Test Bank all Chapters)Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 2 ANS: c, p. 3, C , LO=1.1, (2) 1.1.6 Match the term with its definition. a. It includes considering standards of right and wrong b. It provides standards of right and wrong for us to follow c. It includes considering others’ thoughts and feelings d. It includes a choice we make to be respectful, restrained, and responsible ANS: a=Ethical Communication; b=Ethics; c=Civility, d=Civil Communication p.3 , F, LO=1.1, ( 1) 1.1.7 The most important criticism of civil communication is that a. sometimes disadvantaged groups feel like they are not being heard b. people may think something is uncivil when it is not c. it violates academic freedom d. what is considered civil communication is generally defined by powerful groups ANS: d, p. 4, C, LO=1.1, ( 3) 1.1.8 Which is not a way in which civil communication and ethica l communication are related? a. choice b. fairness c. respect d. responsibility ANS: b, p.10 , F , LO=1.1 , (1) 1.1.9 Which of the following is the definition of communication used by your textbook? a. communication is like a jigsaw puzzle b. communication is sending meaning from one person to another c. communication is the process of creating and sharing meaning d. communication involves the use of symbols ANS: c , p.11 , F, LO=1.2 , (2) 1.1.10 What kind of communication occurs when a small number of people interact for a reason a nd share a common purpose? a. small group communication b. public communication c. mediated and technology -based communication d. intrapersonal communication e. interpersonal communication Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 3 ANS: a, p. 14 , F, LO=1.3 , (1) 1.1.11 What kind of communication occurs when a speaker delivers a message to an audience? a. small group communication b. public communication c. mediated and technology -based communication d. intrapersonal communication e. interpersonal communication ANS: b, p. 14 , F, LO=1.3 , (1) 1.1.12 What kind of communication occurs when communication is transmitted? a. small group communication b. public communication c. mediated and technology -based communication d. intrapersonal communication e. interpersonal communication ANS: c, p. 14 , F, LO=1.3 , (1) 1.1.13 What kind of communication takes place within us? a. small group communication b. public communication c. mediated and technology -based communication d. intrapersonal communication e. interpersonal communication ANS: d, p.11 , F, LO=1.3 , (1) 1.1.14 What kind of communication occurs between at lea st two people who have a relationship? a. small group communication b. public communication c. mediated and technology -based communication d. intrapersonal communication e. interpersonal communication ANS: e, p.12 , F, LO=1.3 , (1) 1.1.15 You have to visit the motor vehicles department for your state. You and the clerk assisting you exchange some pleasantries (hello, how are you, fine thanks, and so on). This kind of communication would be most like a. small group communication b. public communication c. impersonal communication d. intrapersonal communication Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 4 e. interpersonal communication ANS: c, p.12 , A , LO=1.3 , (2) 1.1.16 Which of the following statements is not true of new media? a. it allows us to confirm our prejudices by limiting what we are exposed to b. new media are tools peop le use to connect with one another c. the majority of adults 18 and over use the Internet d. most adult internet users also use social networking sites ANS: a, p.15 , F , LO=1.3 , (1) 1.1.17 When we find ourselves arguing with the broadcaster on a television news show, we are illustrating the _____ model of communication. a. action b. interaction c. transactional ANS: a, p. 17, A , LO=1.4 , (1) 1.1.18 When we are engaged in a cell phone call, we are illustrating the _____ model of communication. a. action b. interaction c. transactional ANS: b, p. 18, A, LO=1.4 , (1) 1.1.19 When we are engaged in a lively conversation with someone, we are illustrating the _____ model of communication. a. action b. interaction c. transactional ANS: c , p. 18, A, LO=1.4 , (1) 1.1.20 In a communication model, the _____ is the person conveying thoughts and ideas. a. channel b. message c. noise d. receiver e. sender ANS: e, p. 19, F , LO=1.4 , (1) 1.1.21 Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 5 In a communication model, the _____ is any force that can interfere with the communication process. a. noise b. audience c. speaker d. channel e. context ANS: a, p. 19 , F , LO=1. 4, (1) 1.1.22 In a communication model, the _____ is the person who interprets or assigns meaning to the message. a. speaker b. receiver c. noise d. channel e. audience ANS: b, p. 19 , F , LO=1. 4, (1) 1.1.23 In a communica tion model, the _____ contains the information that the speaker wants to convey to the receiver. a. speaker b. noise c. message d. context e. channel ANS: c, p. 19 , F , LO=1. 4, (1) 1.1.24 In a communication model, the _____ is the pathway used to convey the message. a. culture b. message c. speaker d. channel e. receiver ANS: d, p. 19 , F , LO=1. 4, (1) 1.1.25 In a communication model, the _____ is the physical and social environment in which communication takes place. a. context b. message c. speaker d. channel e. receiver Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 6 ANS: a, p. 19 , F , LO=1. 6, (1) 1.1.26 Which of the following would not function as a context of communication? a. your job b. your family c. your culture d. your gender ANS: b, p. 19 , A, LO=1.5, (1) 1.1.27 When a judge tells a jury to “disregard that last remark,” the judge is demonstrating ignorance of what communication principle? a. communication is irreversible b. communication is a process c. communication is inevitable d. we cannot not communicate ANS: a, p.22 , A, LO=1.6 , (1) 1.1.28 When you walk into the office upset about the traf fic and then overreact to a casual remark made by a coworker, you are demonstrating which communication principle? a. communication is irreversible b. communication is a process c. communication is inevitable d. we cannot not communicate ANS: b, p.22 , A, LO=1.6 , (1) 1.1.29 When you start yawning during a romantic dinner and your date sarcastically asks if you are bored, you are demonstrating which communication principle? a. communication is irreversible b. communication is a process c. communication is inevitable d. we cannot n ot communicate ANS: c , p.22 , A, LO=1.6 , (1) 1.1.30 When we use terms such as personal, impersonal, self -talk, common purpose, and audience, we are talking about a. types of communication b. models of communication c. contexts of communication d. principles of communication Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 7 ANS: a, p.11- 23 , A, LO=1.3 – 1.6, (2 ) 1.1.31 When we use terms such as action, interaction, and transactional, we are talking about a. types of communication b. models of communication c. contexts of communication d. principles of communication ANS: b, p.17- 20 , A, LO=1.3 – 1.6, (2 ) 1.1.32 When we use terms such as culture, gender, and the workplace, we are talking about a. types of communication b. models of communication c. contexts of communication d. principles of communication ANS: c , p. 20- 21, A, LO=1.3 – 1.6, (2 ) 1.1.33 When we use terms like irreversible, inevitable, and process, we are talking about a. types of communication b. models of communication c. contexts of communication d. principles of communication ANS: a, p.22- 23 , A, LO=1.3 – 1.6, (2 ) 1.1.34 Which of the following statements is true about civil communication? a. we should be prepared to communicate personally with everyone we meet b. we should be prepared to keep quiet when we disagree with someone c. we can be uncivil at work when we need to get things done d. we can think about how our communication affects others ANS: d, p.3 , A, LO=1.1, (2 ) 1.1.35 What kind of communication behavior does this exchange illustrate? A: Your dog is ugly. B: He may be ugly, but he hates you. a. uncivil communication b. unethical communication c. agonism d. impersonal communication ANS: c , p. 21, A, LO=1.5, (2 ) Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 8 True -False 1.2.1 Research has demonstrated a link between uncivil communication in the workplace and lost productivity. ANS: True , p.2 , F, LO=1.1, (1) 1.2.2 We only have to be civil to people we like. ANS: False, p. 2, F, LO=1.1, (1) 1.2.3 “Good manners” and civility are the same thing. ANS: False, p.3 , F, LO=1.1, (1) 1.2.4 If we communicate civilly, we are communicating ethically. ANS: False, p.4 , F, LO=1.1, (1) 1.2.5 Ethics is a system of standards that defines what behaviors are civil or uncivil. ANS: False, p. 7 , F, LO=1.1, (2) 1.2.6 Questions of right and wrong arise whenever people communicate. ANS: True, p.8 , F, LO=1.1, (1) 1.2.7 The three things that civility and ethics share in common are choice, respect, and responsibility. ANS: True, p.10 , F, LO=1.1, (1) 1.2.8 Communication is the process of sending meaning from one person to another. ANS: False, p. 11, F, LO=1.2, (1) 1.2.9 Engaging in internal dialogue is both natural and normal. ANS: True, p.12 , F, LO=1.3, (1) 1.2.10 Interpersonal communication can be impersonal or personal. ANS: True, p.12 , F, LO=1.3, (1) 1.2.11 More people engage in mediated communication of some kind than do not. ANS: True, p. 14, F, LO=1.3, (1) Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 9 1.2.12 There are distinct differences between intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, public and mediated communication. ANS: False, p. 16, F, LO=1.3, (1) 1.2.13 The way people talk in face -to-face communication is best explained by an action model of communication. ANS: False, p.17 , A , LO=1.4, (1) 1.2.14 Engaging in a text -message conversation exemplifies the interaction model of communication. ANS: True , p. 17, A , LO=1.4, (1) 1.2.15 The context of communication is solely the physica l environment in which it takes place. ANS: False, p.19 , F, LO=1.4, (2) 1.2.16 A transactional model of communication assumes that people are taking turns sending and receiving messages. ANS: False, p.19 , A , LO=1.4, (1) 1.2.17 Gender refers to whether a person is male or female. ANS: False, p.21 , F, LO=1.5, (1) 1.2.18 Workplace incivility is common in America. ANS: True, p.21 , F, LO=1.5, (1) 1.2.19 Civil communication is the same across cultures. ANS: False, p.20 , F, LO=1.5, (2) 1.2.20 Women are more likely to engage in agonism than men. ANS: False, p.21 , F, LO=1.5, (1) 1.2.21 The fact that communication is irreversible means we must exercise restraint when we speak and write to others. ANS: True, p.22 , A , LO=1.6, (1) 1.2.22 It is easy for us to tell when communication begins and ends. Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 10 ANS: False, p.22 , F, LO=1.6, (1) 1.2.23 The fact that communication is a process means that we could consider whether a person’s rudeness is directed at us or is the result of an earlier encounter with another person. ANS: True, p.22 , A , LO=1.6, (2) 1.2.24 If you don’t intend to communicate anything by your choice of dress, no one will receive any meaning from it. ANS: False, p. 22, F, LO=1.6, (1) 1.2.25 The four pieces of the communication jigsaw include typ e of communication, model of communication, contexts, and communication principles. ANS: True, p.11 , F, LO=1.3, (1) Short Answer 1.3.1 Identify three benefits that may result from engaging in civil communication. ANS: lower stress levels, increase productivity, avoid car accidents, avoid personal accidents, contribute to well -being of human spirit P.2 , F, LO=1.1, 1 1.3.2 Explain the difference between civility and ethics. ANS: Civility is the result of a choice we make to consider others’ thoughts and feelings in our communication and general behavior. Ethics are a system of standards that defines what behaviors are right and good. P. 8, F, LO=1.1, 1 1.3.3 What are two arguments that have been made against expecting civil communication? ANS: disadvantaged people not being heard, may be a way for people in power to maintain social order, may be a way to discriminate against others, may be a way to silence others, may violate academic freedom P.4 , F, LO=1.1, 1 1.3.4 List and define the six ethical principles that should guide our behavior. ANS: trustworthiness (demonstrating ability to keep things confidential), respect (showing consideration for others’ beliefs, attitudes, values and rights), responsibility (recognizing that actions have consequences), fairness (treating people equally, giving them the same consideration you give yourself), caring (doing more good than harm), concern for the community (acting in ways that benefit the whole) Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 11 P.7-8 , F, LO=1.1, 3 1.3.5 What are the two major approac hes to determining whether something is ethical or unethical? ANS: Deontological ethics, which concern principles, rules, and duties. Consequentialist ethics, which look at the relationship between the ends and the means. P. 6, F, LO=1.1, 2 1.3.6 List and define the six elements of a communication model. ANS: sender , person conveying ideas; receiver , person assigning meaning to the sender’s ideas; message , contains information; channel , pathway used to convey the message; noise , any force that can interfere with the communication process; context , the environment surrounding the communication. P.19 , F, LO=1.4, 2 1.3.7 Describe the kinds of communication that are best described by the action, interaction, and transactional mode ls of communication. ANS: action, information conveyed by the computer or television; interaction, the give and take in a telephone conversation; transactional, when people share and creating meaning simultaneously. P.17- 20 , A, LO=1.4, 2 1.3.8 What are t he reasons given for arguing that new media are affecting how we communicate? ANS: It creates communication that is shallow which threatens interpersonal relationships; it allows us to connect with more people and create stronger relationships. P.5 , F, LO =1.3, 2 1.3.9 List and define each of the contexts that affect our communication. ANS: culture, the shared assumptions and beliefs of a group of people; workplace, where strangers gather to accomplish a task together; gender, the influence of the environm ent and socially constructed meaning that defines things as masculine or feminine. P.20- 21, F, LO=1.5, 1 1.3.10 What does it mean when we say communication is not reversible? Provide an example that illustrates the concept. ANS: Once something is said, it cannot be taken back. P. 22, A, LO=1.6, 2 1.3.11 What does it mean when we say we “cannot not communicate?” Provide an example that illustrates the concept. Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 12 ANS: Communication is inevitable —even though we may not mean to communicate something to others, all our behavior has the potential to be interpreted as a message. P.22 , A, LO=1.6, 2 1.3.12 What does it mean when we say communication is a process? Provide an example that illustrates the concept. ANS: It is hard to tell when a communication event begins and ends, because everything that comes before affects what happens now, and what happens now affects what happens later. P. 22, A, LO=1.6, 2 Essay 1.4.1 Define civility, civil communication, ethics, and ethical communication. How are they related to one another? What are the benefits of communicating in an ethical and civil way? Rubric: Provides clear introduction to the question being answered 1 point Defines each term in a way that reflects understanding 4 points Articulates benefits of commu nicating civilly and ethically 4 points Provides effective summary 1 point Total 10 points 1.4.2 Compare and contrast the action, interaction, and transactional models of communication. Integrate definitions of sender, encoding, receiver, decoding, message, feedback, channel, noise, and context into your answer. Identify the kind of communication that is best explained by the model. Rubric: Provides clear introduction to the question being answered 1 point Defines each term in a way that r eflects understanding 4 points Articulates differences between the models 4 points Provides effective summary 1 point Total 10 points 1.4.3 Define the two kinds of intrapersonal communication. How does intrapersonal communication impact our ability to be civil and ethical? Provide an example that illustrates your understanding of intrapersonal communication and its impact on our ethical and civil behavior. Rubric Opening provides clear introduction of key issue 2 points Body provides sufficient and correct detail about key terms and issue 5 points Conclusion provides effective summary and application 3 points Communication for a Civil Soc iety, Chapter One Test Bank 13 Total 10 points Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 14 Chapter 2 Perceiving the Self and Others Multiple Choice 2.1.1 The study of perception is important because a. we always interact with similar people b. we assume our perceptions reflect reality c. there is a correct reality that needs to be acknowledged d. if we can communicate about a correct reality, we will have better relationships ANS: B, p. 27, F, LO=2.1, (1 ) 2.1.2 _____ occurs when sense data is transmitted to the brain. a. interpretation b. selection c. organization d. perception ANS: D, p. 28, F, LO=2.1, (1 ) 2.1.3 Which of the following statements is not true of the self -concept? a. the self -concept is primarily an individual phenomenon b. a mild put -down has the potential to adversely affect one’s self -concept c. a person’s self -concept can b e health or unhealthy d. biologically influenced personality traits are a large part of our self -concept ANS: A, p. 28, F, LO=2.1, (1 ) 2.1.4 Civility requires that we temper our desire for self -expression with a. respect for others b. responsibility c. self -control d. self -acceptance ANS: C , p. 29, F, LO=2.2, (1 ) 2.1.5 _____ is the first stage of the perception process. a. Organization b. Vividness c. Salience d. Selection ANS: D, p. 30, F, LO=2.3, (1 ) Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 15 2.1.6 _____ is the second stage of the perception process. a. Selection b. Interpretation c. Proximity d. Organization ANS: D, p. 30, F, LO=2.3, (1 ) 2.1.7 Your ability to hear your name spoken in a conversation other people are having while you are engaged in your own conversation reflects the _____ aspec t of perception. a. salience b. vividness c. figure -ground d. proximity ANS: A, p. 30, A, LO=2.3, (2 ) 2.1.8 You have organized your personal library into genres such as nonfiction, biographies, romance novels, science fiction, etc. Your behavior is simila r to the perception process that helps us organize information based on a. proximity b. similarity c. salience d. vividness ANS: B, p. 32, A, LO=2.3, (2 ) 2.1.9 Our failure to notice small changes in our surroundings is due to the _____ aspect of the perception process. a. expectancy b. vividness c. salience d. figure -ground ANS: A, p. 33, A, LO=2.3, (2 ) 2.1.10 Which statement is not true of stereotypes? a. they arise during the perception process b. they allow us to quickly organize information c. they a re reflections of reality d. they are exaggerations ANS: C, p. 31, F, LO=2.3, (1 ) 2.1.11 Which statement is not typical of men and communication? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 16 a. men tend to text for enjoyment b. men see conversation as a way to demonstrate power and position c. men u se social networking sites to find information d. men see communication as a means to an end ANS: A, p. 34, F, LO=2.3, (1 ) 2.1.12 You’re driving down the freeway and you cut someone off. According to attribution theory, which statement are you most likely to make when you realize what you’ve done? a. I need to be more alert. b. Traffic is heavy today. c. I wish I were home. d. Gosh, I didn’t see that car. ANS: d, pp. 35- 36, A, LO=2.4, (3 ) 2.1.13 You’re driving down the freeway and someone cuts you off. Ac cording to attribution theory, which statement are you most likely to make in response? a. What a jerk! Watch where you’re going. b. Gosh, I didn’t see that car. c. Traffic is heavy today. d. I wish I were home. ANS: a, pp. 35- 36, A, LO=2.4, (3 ) 2.1.14 Your friend Melissa forgot your birthday. According to attribution theory, which statement are you most likely to think to in response? a. She must be really busy. b. It doesn’t matter. I don’t like birthdays, anyway. c. She knew it was important to me. She’ s a bad friend. d. Maybe I’ll hear from her tomorrow. ANS: c, pp. 35- 36, A, LO=2.4, (3 ) 2.1.15 _____ theory argues that we tend to minimize personal responsibility for what we do poorly. a. Attribution b. Implicit personality c. Collectivist cultural d. Symbolic interactionism ANS: A, pp. 35- 36, F, LO=2.4, (1 ) 2.1.16 _____ theory argues that we tend to take more credit for what we’ve done than we probably deserve. a. Implicit personality b. Attribution Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 17 c. Collectivist cultural d. Symbolic interactionism ANS: B, pp. 35- 36, F, LO=2.4, (1 ) 2.1.17 _____ theory argues that we tend to assume people have many positive traits if we know that they have a few positive traits. a. Symbolic interactionism b. Attribution c. Collectivist cultural d. Implicit personality ANS: D, p. 36, F, LO=2.4, (1 ) 2.1.18 You’ve interviewed someone for a job. The person is a perfect match of skills and enthusiasm for the position. In a background check, you discover that he or she was fired from a previous position because of an office affair. According to implicit personality theory, you will a. decide not to offer the person a position b. offer the position but make sure he or she knows you won’t tolerate such behavior c. ask your friends what to do d. offer the position and hope for the best ANS: A, p. 36, A, LO=2.4, (3 ) 2.1.19 Which statement is not true of collectivistic cultures? a. they expect to take care of their members b. friendships are long- lasting c. they believe people are responsible for their own misfortune s d. group memberships are limited ANS: C, p. 37, F, LO=2.4, (1 ) 2.1.20 Which statement is not true of individualist cultures? a. members are self -reliant and competitive b. members believe they should be rewarded for personal achievement c. group members hip is flexible d. friendships are long- lasting ANS: D, p. 37, F, LO=2.4, (1 ) 2.1.21 Which statement is not true of co -cultures? a. they share the same values and beliefs as the dominant culture b. they are based on factors such as ethnicity and sexual or ientation c. co -cultural beliefs can affect a work group’s communication and sense of success d. their values and beliefs may be very different from the dominant culture ANS: D, p. 38, F, LO=2.4, (1 ) Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 18 2.1.22 _____ is the degree to which you adjust your beh avior to situational demands. a. Self -image b. Self -monitoring c. Self -esteem d. Self -concept ANS: B, p. 39, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.1.23 - 26 For the following statements, indicate whether it reflects a person’s a. self -image b. self -esteem c. self -concept 2.1.23 I have been making quilts for 20 years. ANS: A, pp. 38- 41, A, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.1.24 My students think I am a very good quilting teacher. ANS: C, pp. 38- 41, A, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.1.25 I am very good at making quilts. ANS: B, pp. 38- 41, A, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.1.26 I teach quilting at a local fabric store . ANS: A, pp. 38- 41, A, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.1.27 Which of the following statements is not true of the relationship between social media, perception, and self -concept? a. the more friends a person has on Facebook, the mor e popular that person is perceived to be b. we can enhance our feelings of self -esteem by reviewing our Facebook profile c. people generally put socially desirable information about themselves on social networking sites d. we are not very deliberate about what we include on social networking sites ANS: D, p. 40, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.1.28 _____ theory argues that our view of ourselves is affected by the people with whom we communicate. a. Symbolic interactionism b. Attribution Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 19 c. Collectivist cultural d. Implicit personality ANS: A, p. 41, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.1.29 _____ occurs when we respond positively to the high expectations others have of us. a. Social comparison b. Self -efficacy c. The halo effect d. The Pygmalion effect ANS: D, p. 41, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.1.30 Research indicates that _____ is an important determinant of our self -perception. a. social comparison b. self -efficacy c. the halo effect d. the Pygmalion effect ANS: A, p. 41, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.1.31 Belief in one’s ability to handle different situa tions one might face is a. self -esteem b. self -concept c. self -image d. self -efficacy ANS: D , p. 42, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.1.32 A way to make sure we are not assuming everyone agrees with us is to use a. a perception check b. the Pygmalion effect c. a request for feedback d. self -monitoring ANS: A, p. 44, F, LO=2.6, (1 ) 2.1.33 – 37 For the following statements, indicate whether it reflects a(n) a. fact b. inference c. request for feedback 2.1.33 You left hours ago. ANS: A, pp. 44- 45, A, LO=2.6, (2 ) Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 20 2.1.34 I thought you were only leaving for a few minutes. Is something wrong? ANS: C, pp. 44- 45, A, LO=2.6, (2 ) 2.1.35 What on earth have you been doing? ANS: B, pp. 44- 45, A, LO=2.6, (2 ) 2.1.36 Should I worry when you’re gone longer than you say you will be? ANS: C, pp. 44- 45, A, LO=2.6, (2 ) 2.1.37 You’ve been gone three hours. ANS: A, pp. 44- 45, A, LO=2.6, (2 ) True False 2.2.1 If our perception is accurate others’ must be inaccurate. ANS: False , p. 27, F, LO=2.1, (1 ) 2.2.2 If we have a healthy self -concept, the way others respond to us won’t matter. ANS: False , pp. 28- 29, C, LO=2.1, (1 ) 2.2.3 A healthy self -concept consists of both positive and negative information about ourselves. ANS: True , pp. 28- 29, F, LO=2.1, (1 ) 2.2.4 A person must give up his or her right to self -expression in order to be civil. ANS: False , p. 29, C, LO=2.2, (2 ) 2.2.5 Organization is the first step in the perception process. ANS: False , p. 30, F, LO=2.3, (1 ) 2.2.6 Perception is affected by salience and vividness. ANS: True , p. 30, F, LO=2.3, (1 ) 2.2.7 The concept of expectancy explains why you can read your term paper three times and miss a misspelled word or an incomplete sentence. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 21 ANS: True , p. 33, A, LO=2.3, (1 ) 2.2.8 Stereotypes are an important part of the perception proce ss. ANS: True , p. 31, F, LO=2.3, (1 ) 2.2.9 Men and women use social networking sites for different reasons. ANS: True , p. 34, F, LO=2.3, (1 ) 2.2.10 When you drive down the freeway and cut someone off, fundamental attribution theory predicts you’ll say it’s because you didn’t see the other car rather than it’s because you’re an inattentive driver. ANS: True , pp. 35- 36, A, LO=2.4, (2 ) 2.2.11 The self -serving bias predicts that, when you do poorly on a test, you will say it’s because you didn’t study hard e nough. ANS: False , p. 36, A, LO=2.4, (2 ) 2.2.12 The reason that manufacturers use celebrity endorsements of their products is because they believe the Pygmalion effect will help sell their products. ANS: False , p. 41, A, LO=2.4, (2 ) 2.2.13 Individualisti c cultures are much less likely to blame an individual for being homeless. ANS: False , pp. 37- 38, A, LO=2.4, (2 ) 2.2.14 A person who joined a sorority or fraternity expecting that the group would come first and that she or he would be supported by and car ed for by the group probably comes from a collectivist culture. ANS: True , p. pp. 37- 38, A, LO=2.4, (1 ) 2.2.15 A sub -culture is a group within a larger dominant culture that has its own values and beliefs. ANS: False , p. 38, F, LO=2.4, (1 ) 2.2.16 Every t alent we believe we possess positively impacts our self -esteem. ANS: False , pp. 39- 41, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.2.17 People with over 1000 friends on Facebook are considered very popular. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 22 ANS: False , p. 40, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.2.18 Reviewing and editing your inform ation on Facebook is a good way to start feeling depressed. ANS: False , p. 40, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.2.19 Social comparison predicts that if you take a motorcycle class and feel clumsy, you’ll feel better if you can see someone who is riding more poorly than y ou are. ANS: True, p. 41, A, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.2.20 Role models are important in our lives because they increase our feelings of self -esteem. ANS: True , p. 42, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.2.21 When teachers tell you that they know you can perform at a much higher level than you currently are delivering, they are depending on the Pygmalion effect to improve your performance. ANS: True , p. 41, A, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.2.22 Other people’s comments have no effect on our self -image. ANS: False , p. 39, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.2.23 People from the same culture generally perceive things similarly. ANS: True , p. 37, F, LO=2.5, (1 ) 2.2.24 “I guess you’re just too busy to help with the housework” is an appropriately stated perception check. ANS: False , p. 44- 45, A, LO=2.6, (1 ) 2.2.25 A percep tion check is independently verifiable by others. ANS: False , p. 44, F, LO=2.6, (1 ) Short Answer 2.3.1 What is the self -concept? How is it formed? ANS: Self -concept is how we perceive ourselves. It is formed through interaction with others, although t here are some biological influences on it as well. p. 28, F, LO=2.1, (1) Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 23 2.3.2 Identify and define the stages in the perception process. ANS: Selection, organization, interpretation. pp. 30- 32, F, LO=2.3, (1) 2.3.3 Define schema and give three examples of schemas. ANS: Mental templates that enable us to organize and classify stimuli into manageable groups or categories. p. 30, A, LO=2.3, (2) 2.3.4 What is the fundamental attribution error? Describe a situation that reflects it. ANS: Reasons for others’ behavior overemphasize personal characteristics and underemphasize situational characteristics. pp. 35- 36, A, LO=2.4, (2) 2.3.5 What is the halo effect? Describe a situation that reflects it. ANS: Our tendency to attribute more positive qualities to some one if we know he or she has some positive qualities. p. 36, A, LO=2.4, (2) 2.3.6 Define implicit personality theory and give an example of how it might influence your behavior. ANS: The assumption that we tend to perceive others based on a set of beliefs that tell us which characteristics relate to other characteristics. p. 36, A, LO=2.4, (2) 2.3.7 Define co -culture and provide two specific examples of it. ANS: Co -culture is a group within a larger dominant culture with its own values and beliefs , which are sometimes at odds with the larger culture. p. 38, A, LO=2.4, (2) 2.3.8 Define self -image and self -esteem and explain how they are related to self -concept. ANS: Self -image is the set of characteristics we think we possess; self- esteem is the value we place on those characteristics. Both make up self -concept. pp. 39- 41, F, LO=2.5, (1) 2.3.9 Explain how a person projects an image of himself or herself through the use of a social networking site such as Facebook. What kinds of things will influence others ’ perceptions? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 24 ANS: The number of friends one has, descriptions one makes about oneself, and comments posted by others all influence perception. In addition, photos, colors, fonts, and language may influence perception. p. 40, F, LO=2.5, (2) 2.3.10 Define social comparison and demonstrate how you might use it to inform your self -concept. ANS: Social comparison is the process of comparing ourselves to others in order to see how we measure up. On consequential tasks, we see ourselves negatively if others per form better than us and we look to those performing more poorly to help bolster self -concept. p. 41, A, LO=2.5, (2) 2.3.11 Define self -efficacy and describe the impact it has on our behavior. ANS: Self -efficacy is the belief we have in our ability to mana ge prospective situations. p. 42, A, LO=2.5, (2) 2.3.12 Identify the three elements of perception checking and demonstrate how you might use them in a particular situation you describe. ANS: Description of sense data, interpretation of the data, request f or feedback. pp. 44- 45, A, LO=2.6 (2) Essay 2.4.1 Explain why perception and self -concept are linked to civility. Your answer should include definitions of perception, self -concept, and civility. Rubric: Provides clear introduction to the question be ing answered 1 point Defines each term in a way that reflects understanding 4 points Articulates relationship to civility 4 points Provides effective summary 1 point Total 10 points 2.4.2 Briefly describe a friend of yours. Compare and contrast how attribution theory and implicit personality theory lead you to describe your friend in that way. Your answer should include definitions of the theories. Rubric: Provides clear introduction to the question being answered 1 point Defines each theory in a way that reflects understanding 4 points Applies each theory correctly 4 points Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights r eserved. 25 Provides effective summary 1 point Total 10 points 2.4.3 Briefly describe your self -concept. Apply symbolic interactionism theory and explain how the processes of the Pygmalion effect and social comparison contributed to your self -concept. Your answer should include definitions of the theory and processes. Rubric: Provides clear introduction to the question being answered 1 point Defines each theory in a way that reflects understanding 4 points Applies each theory correctly 4 points Provides effective summary 1 point Total 10 points