(Test Bank) Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 7: Memory

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Test Bank for Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 7: Memory, The downloadable file consists of 176 pages, and the total size of the file is 0.86 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

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1 Test Bank for Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 7: Memory MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A professional memorizer is known as a(n) a. mnemonist. b. telepath. c. medium. d. psychic. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Fuhgeddaboudit OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact 2. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of people with amazing memories, like Mr. S. mentioned in your textbook? a. seeing a date and immediately remembering where they were and what they were doing b. seeing a date and knowing what day of the week this date fell on c. being able to easily separate trivia from facts and facts from fantasy d. feeling like their amazing memories were both a gift and a burden ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Fuhgeddaboudit OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 3. The mnemonist Mr. S. had a such an exceptional memory that he had to devise ways to a. forget. b. remember accurately with his eyes open if prohibited from closing his eyes. c. learn more mnemonics. d. study meaningless words and random digits. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Fuhgeddaboudit OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact 4. Luria studied Mr. S., who had an amazing memory. Concerning Mr. S.‟s abilities, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Mr. S. had trouble separating trivia from important facts. b. Mr. S. had no difficulty separating fact from fantasy. c. Mr. S. had to devise ways to forget. d. Mr. S. made his living as a mnemonist. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Fuhgeddaboudit OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact 5. Which of the following is the active system that receives, stores, organizes, alters, and recovers information? a. memory b. suppression c. repression d. priming 2 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 3 REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact 6. Memory is an active system that a. stores and organizes information. b. receives and recovers information. c. alters information. d. does all of these. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact 7. Which of the following statements best characterizes the memory system? a. an automatic and unchanging means of storing exact copies of experience b. a vast storehouse from which specific facts can be retrieved when they are needed c. a dusty archive in which interesting , but often irrelevant, relics are housed d. an active system for manipulating information ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Concept 8. Memory is often characterized as being similar to a computer because a. long-term memories are exact copies, like files on a hard drive. b. memories are encoded, stored, and later retrieved. c. the space available for memory storage is limited as is the storage capacity of a computer. d. computers and the human mind both process information in a serial fashion. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact 9. The three basic processes of memory are a. recognition, storage, and retrieval. b. encoding, storage, and forgetting. c. encoding, storage, and retrieval. d. maintenance, elaboration, and forgetting. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact 10. Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic processes of memory? a. encoding b. feedback c. storage d. retrieval ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? 4 OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact 11. Information is initially converted into a form that can be retained. This conversion part of the memory process is known as a. encoding. b. retrieval. c. consolidation. d. storage. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact 12. Which of the basic processes of memory is like typing data into a computer? a. encoding b. retrieval c. consolidation d. storage ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Concept 13. The process of holding information in memory for later use is referred to as a. retrieval. b. encoding. c. storage. d. organization. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact 14. Before new incoming information can be stored, it must be first be a. assimilated. b. retrieved. c. encoded. d. habituated. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 15. After information has been entered into memory, this information is held for later use through the memory process known as a. retrieval. b. encoding. 5 c. storage. d. habituation. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 16. When you need information stored in computer files, you select the file and open it. When you need information from your long -term memory, you utilize the memory process known as a. retrieval. b. encoding. c. iconic processing. d. dishabituation. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 17. In order for a memory to be useful, it must be a. dishabituated. b. episodic. c. decoded as an image. d. retrieved. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Concept 18. You are taking a psychology test and are trying to remember what you studied. The memory process being used when you try to remember the psychology material is a. encoding. b. feedback. c. storage rehearsal. d. retrieval. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.1 KEY: Application 19. If you are to remember all 9,856 new terms on your psychology final exam, you must successfully a. encode them in sensory memory, move them through short -term memory, and eventually retrieve them from long-term memory. b. utilize eidetic memory and mnemonic devices in constructively processing the information. c. move this information through procedural memory, semantic memory, and episodic memory while avoiding the serial position effect. d. utilize stimulus control and redintegration in the processing of this information. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? 6 OBJ: 7.1.1 / 7.1.2 KEY: Concept 20. Sensory, short -term, and long-term are the three a. stages of memory. b. levels of Alzheimer‟s disease. c. types of interference that occur during the process of forgetting. d. types of amnesia. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.2 KEY: Fact 21. The three stages of memory IN ORDER are a. short -term memory, sensory memory, and long-term memory. b. eidetic memory, sensory memory, and long-term memory. c. sensory memory, short -term memory, and long-term memory. d. short -term memory, working memory, and long-term memory. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.2 KEY: Fact 22. The three stages of memory include all of the following EXCEPT memory. a. short -term b. eidetic c. sensory d. long-term ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.2 KEY: Fact 23. To be stored for a long time, information must pass through all three stages of which model of memory? a. Atkinson -Schiffrin b. Hobson -McCarley c. Melzack -Wall d. Darley -Latané ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.2 KEY: Fact 24. Sensory, short -term, and long-term are the three stages of the a. Atkinson -Schiffrin model of memory. b. Hobson -McCarley memory model. c. Melzack -Wall model of memory. d. Darley -Latané memory model. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.2 KEY: Fact 7 25. The first stage of memory, which holds an exact record of incoming information for a few seconds or less, is called memory. a. short -term b. working c. sensory d. engram ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Fact 26. Sensory memory is the stage of memory that a. holds small amounts of information when one is thinking or problem -solving. b. holds an exact record of incoming information for a few seconds or less. c. involves the permanent storage of meaningful information. d. involves the storage of conditioned responses and learned skills. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Fact 27. The types of sensory memory include a. declarative memory and semantic memory. b. skill memory and fact memory. c. procedural memory and episodic memory. d. iconic memory and echoic memory. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Fact 28. Visual sensory images that persist for about one-half second after being seen are referred to as a. engrams. b. echoic memories. c. iconic memories. d. illusions. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Fact 29. If you look at a flower and then quickly close your eyes, you will see a fleeting visual image for about one-half second that is referred to as a. a flashbulb memory. b. echoic memory. c. iconic memory. d. illusory imagery. 8 ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 30. A brief continuation of sensory activity in the auditory system after a sound is first heard is referred to as memory. a. echoic b. iconic c. short -term d. working ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Fact 31. You quickly walk through your living room and hear a few words of a commercial coming from the television. An exact copy of these words will remain in your auditory system for about two seconds and are referred to as memory. a. iconic b. echoic c. short -term d. flashbulb ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 32. Iconic memory and echoic memory are two types of memory. a. sensory b. short -term c. long-term d. working ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 33. Iconic memory involves fleeting visual images that persist for about second(s). a. one-half b. two c. four d. six ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 34. Echoic memory involves a brief flurry of activity in the auditory system that lasts for up to second(s). a. one-half 9 b. two c. six d. 10 ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 35. Which memory stage are we largely unaware of but which holds information just long enough for it to be moved to the second memory stage? a. short -term memory b. procedural memory c. sensory memory d. episodic memory ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 36. Which stage of memory allows us to perceive motion pictures as seamless and connected images? a. short -term memory b. long-term memory c. contextual memory d. sensory memory ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.3 KEY: Concept 37. A person is able to move information to the second memory stage by focusing on a selected portion of a sensory input, a process known as a. selective attention b. constructive processing. c. priming. d. consolidation. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.4 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 38. Which of the following determines what information moves from sensory memory to short -term memory? a. consolidation b. constructive processing c. priming d. selective attention ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.4 KEY: Fact 10 39. Selective attention determines what information moves from a. short -term memory to long-term memory. b. sensory memory to short -term memory. c. implicit memory to explicit memory. d. episodic memory to semantic memory. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.4 KEY: Fact 40. Through selective attention, information is moved to short -term memory from memory. a. procedural b. sensory c. implicit d. eidetic ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.4 KEY: Fact 41. As your friend reads her shopping list to you in her apartment, you are aware that the radio is playing in the background. The fact that you remember what your friend said and not what the announcer on the radio said can be attributed to a. short -term memory. b. redintegrative memory. c. selective attention. d. constructive processing. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.4 KEY: Application 42. You and a friend are seated in the large auditorium psychology class. There are two students seated right behind you talking about what they did last weekend. You have trouble concentrating on what the teacher is saying, but you picked up on a lot of campus gossip from the conversation going on behind you. At the end of class, you relate to your friend the latest gossip heard d uring class, but she does not remember hearing any gossip and is really worried about how she will complete the new assignment that the teacher discussed today. You think, “What new assignment?” This explains the difference in your and your friend‟s a. short -term memory. b. redintegrative memory. c. selective attention. d. procedural memory. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.4 KEY: Application 43. The memory system used to hold small amounts of information for relatively brief time periods of approximately a dozen seconds or so is called memory. 11 a. episodic b. short -term c. long-term d. procedural ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Fact 44. Which of the following would be an example of short -term memory? a. remembering the letters of the alphabet b. looking up a phone number and remembering it while you dial c. remembering your name d. remembering how to ride a bicycle ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Application 45. Short -term memories are most often stored a. phonetically. b. visually. c. iconically. d. episodically. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Fact 46. Which of the following types of memory is most often stored phonetically (by sound)? a. eidetic memory b. short -term memory c. iconic memory d. procedural memory ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Fact 47. You are introduced to Tim and Gina. Later when you see them, you cannot remember their names. If you try to guess their names, which of the following would most likely be your guess, considering how information is stored in short -term memory? a. Thomas and Glenda b. Tad and Gloria c. Jim and Tina 12 d. George and Tanya ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Application 48. You have gone for the first time to one of the campus computer labs to work on your psychology assignments. However, you forgot your first -day handout, which has the psychology website listed. You spot a person from your class, and he tells you the website. You walk back to your computer and type in the website. In the process of working through the assignment, you accidentally exit completely out of the system. You cannot remember the psycholog y website. This illustrates how which of the following types of memory operates? a. sensory memory b. iconic memory c. short -term memory d. procedural memory ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Application 49. Earlier in the day, you ate breakfast at The Pine Tree Cafe. You are trying to tell a friend about this restaurant, but you can‟t quite recall the name. You will most likely call the restaurant a. The Oak Grove Cafe. b. The Lime Tree Cafe. c. The Fair Tree Cafe. d. The Forest Tree Cafe. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Application 50. Your roommate calls out ten items for you to get at the grocery store on your way back from class. Regarding how short -term memories are encoded, if you were asked to get ham and soap, you are most likely to mistakenly bring back a. jam and soup. b. roast beef and shampoo. c. hot dogs and buns. d. bologna and detergent. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Application 13 51. Your instructor gives a pop test after just lecturing on the effects of drugs on the nervous system. On this test, you write “axon potential” instead of “action potential” and “repression” instead of “depression.” Your mistakes illustrate the errors that can occur because most short -term memories are encoded a. phonetically. b. visually. c. episodically. d. procedurally. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Application 52. Which of the following types of memory prevents our minds from collecting useless names, dates, telephone numbers, and other trivia? a. sensory memory b. short -term memory c. procedural memory d. implicit memory ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Concept 53. Information is quickly “dumped” from short -term memory and forever lost unless you silently say the information over and over to yourself through a process known as a. verbal reorganization. b. chunking. c. rehearsal. d. priming. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Concept 54. In order to briefly remember a shopping list, you silently say the items on the list over and over to yourself. You are able to maintain these items in your short -term memory through a. rehearsal. b. redintegration. c. priming. d. elaboration. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? 14 OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 55. In which memory system will information be quickly “dumped” and never reach long-term memory unless the process of rehearsal takes place? a. sensory memory b. short -term memory c. semantic memory d. procedural memory ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Concept 56. Someone leaves a phone number on your answering machine. You repeat the number to yourself as you start to dial. Then, the doorbell rings, and you rush to see who is there. When you return to the phone, you have completely forgotten the number. This illustrates how interruption, or displacement, affects memory. a. eidetic b. sensory c. short -term d. long-term ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Application 57. Someone leaves a phone number on your answering machine. You repeat the number to yourself as you start to dial. Then, your mother asks you a question. You answer her and then turn back to the phone to complete your dialing only to realize that you do not remember the last three digits. This illustrates how short -term memory is affected by interrup tion, or a. dishabituation. b. priming. c. chunking. d. displacement. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 58. Your instructor is lecturing in class when security knocks on the door. The instructor goes to the door, gets the note from security, and gives it to a student, who exits the classroom. The instructor looks at the class and asks, “Now where was I in the lecture notes?” This situation illustrates how short -term memory is affected by a. dishabituation. 15 b. priming. c. chunking. d. displacement. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 59. Regarding short -term memory (STM), which of the following statements is TRUE? a. STM has an unlimited storage capacity and can hold information for at least 30 minutes. b. It is very difficult to do more than one task at a time in STM. c. Unlike long-term memory, STM is rarely affected by interruption or displacement. d. Once information is placed in STM, it is permanently stored. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Concept 60. Regarding short -term memory (STM), which of the following statements is FALSE? a. STM has a limited storage capacity. b. Although information can be stored in STM in images, it is generally stored phonetically. c. It is very difficult to do more than one task at a time in STM. d. Once information is placed in STM, it is permanently stored. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Concept 61. Because this memory system can handle only small amounts of information, it is very difficult to do more than one task at a time in memory. a. short -term b. episodic c. procedural d. semantic ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 62. Working memory is a part of which memory system? a. procedural memory b. short -term memory c. long-term memory 16 d. sensory memory ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Fact 63. Another name for short -term memory, especially as it is used for thinking and problem -solving is memory. a. working b. eidetic c. procedural d. integrative ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Fact 64. When short -term memory (STM) is combined with other mental processes, it acts more like a “mental scratchpad” where we do much of our thinking. This aspect of STM is known as memory. a. working b. eidetic c. procedural d. integrative ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Fact 65. Whenever you are doing mental arithmetic, planning a meal, or reading a book, you are using memory. a. procedural b. working c. eidetic d. implicit ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.5 KEY: Concept 66. The memory system used for relatively permanent storage of meaningful information is called memory. a. sensory b. short -term c. long-term d. eidetic ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Fact 67. Information that is important or meaningful is retrieved from 17 a. working memory and encoded in short -term memory. b. short -term memory and encoded in long-term memory. c. eidetic memory and encoded in implicit memory. d. procedural memory and encoded in semantic memory. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 68. Information in long-term memory can be retained for a. 30 minutes b. one hour. c. ten hours. d. many years. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Fact 69. The storage capacity of long-term memory is best described as a. a single item. b. about seven items. c. about seven volumes. d. limitless. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Fact 70. Regarding long-term memory (LTM), which of the following statements is TRUE? a. LTM is often referred to as working memory. b. LTM has an unlimited storage capacity. c. LTM typically stores information phonetically. d. LTM is considered eidetic for many people. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Fact 71. Regarding long-term memory (LTM), which of the following statements is FALSE? a. LTM is often referred to as working memory. b. LTM has an unlimited storage capacity. c. Although information can be stored in LTM phonetically, the information is typically stored based on meaning and importance. d. The more you know, the easier it becomes to add new information to long-term memory. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? 18 OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 72. The more information you learn, the easier it becomes a. to add new information to memory. b. to forget previously learned information. c. for interference and retrieval failure to occur. d. for a person to develop Alzheimer‟s disease or other forms of dementia. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Concept 73. One of the many reasons for getting an education is because a. long-term memory is almost “filled up” by age 25 so it is important to “fill it up” with important information. b. long-term memory is stored mainly by sound (phonetically), and most education is transmitted orally in lectures. c. the more you know, the easier it becomes to add new information to one‟s long-term memory. d. it prevents the procedural long-term memories from being lost due to disuse. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 74. Sydney would be described as having a wealth of knowledge. She is constantly reading about many diverse subjects. Heather has not read a book since her senior year in college and rarely watches the news to keep up with national or international events. Regarding the research on memory, we would expect a. Sydney will find it easier than Heather to add new information to memory. b. Heather will find it easier than Sydney to add new information to memory. c. both women to be able to add new information to memory equally well. d. Sydney to be more likely to develop Alzheimer‟s disease or other forms of dementia. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Application 75. The critical factor determining whether information will move from short -term memory to long-term memory is its a. length. b. complexity. c. meaning. d. diversity. 19 ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Fact 76. Information in long-term memory is generally stored on the basis of a. visual images. b. meaning and importance. c. how the words sound. d. patterns of visual and auditory images. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Fact 77. Making information personally meaningful and important will improve which of the following types of memory? a. sensory memory b. eidetic memory c. long-term memory d. iconic memory ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 78. Because of the way in which information is encoded in long-term memory, if you were attempting to recall the word barn from a memorized list, which word are you most likely to mistakenly say? a. darn b. shed c. yarn d. house ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Application 79. Because of the way in which information is encoded in long-term memory, if you are attempting to recall the word bed from a memorized list, which word are you most likely to mistakenly say? a. red b. table c. bread d. sleep ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Application 80. If you are trying to recall the concept “test anxiety” for your final psychology exam, you are more likely to mistakenly write “test nervousness” or “test worry” than “text anxiety” or “tent anxiety” because information for your psychology final is most likely stored in long-term memory 20 a. phonetically. b. on the basis of visual images. c. procedurally. d. on the basis of meaning. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Application 81. If you can link information in short -term memory to knowledge already stored in long-term memory, the information will a. gain meaning and be easier to remember. b. lose meaning and be harder to remember. c. become confused with the old information and be harder to remember. d. be forgotten. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Concept 82. If you relate the definition of test anxiety to a memory of a time when your best friend was extremely nervous about taking a test, a. you will have a harder time remembering the definition of the term. b. you will have an easier time remembering the definition of the term. c. this past memory will have no effect on whether you remember the definition or not. d. you will most likely start feeling anxious about the test and impair your performance on it significantly. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 83. Your understanding of the definitions for the psychology test has been encoded in your long-term memory (LTM), now all you have to do is a. store these definitions until the exam. b. retain and then retrieve the definitions on the exam. c. use eidetic imagery during your daily rehearsal of the information. d. access these implicit memories through redintegration and priming during the exam. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 21 84. Although sensory memory is involved every time we store information, we are more likely to notice which of the following in carrying out our everyday chores? a. short -term and long-term memory b. chunking and implicit memory c. eidetic and redintegrative memory d. procedural and skill memory ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Concept 85. When discussing the relationship between short -term and long-term memory, the authors of your textbook use the analogy of short -term memory being like a. a huge warehouse filled with desks and filing cabinets. b. a small desk at the front of a huge warehouse filled with filing cabinets. c. several large filing cabinets. d. a laptop that has an unlimited number of files. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 86. When discussing the relationship between short -term and long-term memory, the authors of your textbook use the analogy of long-term memory being like a a. computer keyboard. b. projector used in showing old home movies. c. huge warehouse filled with large filing cabinets. d. small desk with seven drawers. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 87. When we want to use knowledge from long-term memory to answer a question, the information is returned to memory. a. episodic b. eidetic c. short -term d. sensory ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Stages of Memory -Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve? OBJ: 7.1.6 KEY: Concept 88. You are being assessed by a psychologist. On one of the tests, you are asked to correctly repeat a list of numbers that the psychologist calls out to you. You are being administered the test. a. eidetic memory b. phonetic -space c. implicit memory d. digit-span 22 ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Application 89. A common measure of attention and short -term m emory is the test. a. eidetic memory b. phonetic -space c. implicit memory d. digit-span ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact 90. The digit-span test is a common measure of a. attention and short -term memory. b. phonetic -space and sensory memory. c. implicit and explicit memory. d. iconic and echoic memory. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact 91. Meaningful units of information, such as numbers, letters, words, or phrases are known as information a. icons. b. bits. c. episodes. d. engrams. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact 92. A single meaningful “piece” of information, such as a digit, is called an information a. icon. b. bit. c. position. d. engram. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 93. The average number of “bits” of information that short -term memory can usually handle is what Psychologist George Miller called the “magic” (plus or minus two). a. three b. six c. seven d. nine ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 23 REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact 94. The saying “seven plus or minus two” refers to the space capacity of memory. a. short -term b. long-term c. sensory d. iconic ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact 95. The “magic number” seven refers to which capacity of short -term memory? a. time b. iconic c. space d. echoic ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 96. Regarding the space capacity of short -term memory (STM), which of the following statements is FALSE? a. A few people can remember up to nine bits of information. b. With some types of information, five bits is the limit of storage capacity. c. When all of the “slots” in STM are filled, there is no more room for new information. d. People can increase the space capacity of short -term memory by using eidetic imagery. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 97. Organizing information into larger units as a way of improving the efficiency of short -term memory is called a. chunking. b. redintegration. c. consolidation. d. latent symbolization. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 98. Bits of information grouped into larger units make up a. eidetic memories. 24 b. digit spans. c. information chunks. d. implicit memories. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact 99. Which of the following processes recodes or reorganizes information into units that are already in long-term memory? a. chunking b. redintegration c. serial positioning d. consolidation ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact 100. If the letters DVAFCBNLSBRC are rearranged into DVR -ABC -CBS -NFL, they become much easier to remember and store. This is because you‟re using a process called a. maintenance rehearsal. b. chunking. c. method of loci. d. the keyword system. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Application 101. Because hyphens divide the numbers on your social security card into three segments, it is easier for you to remember this nine-digit number. This illustrates a. maintenance rehearsal. b. the key number system. c. the method of loci. d. chunking. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Application 102. You have found that it is easier for you to remember cell phone numbers and code them into your cell phone if you divide the number into two -and three -digit numbers, such as “48” or “865” rather than single digits that you often reverse. Thus, you have aided your short -term memory through a. maintenance rehearsal. b. the key number system. c. the method of loci. d. chunking. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 25 REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Application 103. In your short -term memory, numbers, letters, words, phrases, or familiar sentences can make up a single information a. eidetic. b. chunk. c. loci. d. icon. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact 104. While studying, it is important to find ways to link two, three, or more separate facts or ideas into larger chunks in order to improve one‟s memory. a. eidetic b. episodic c. short -term d. sensory ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Concept 105. Although George Miller theorized that short -term memory can usually only handle seven “bits” of information, other psychologists believe that, without some chunking occurring, short -term memory may only hold items. a. two b. three c. four d. five ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 106. Good memory results from finding or creating meaningful chunks in what you study. When these meaningful organizations become hard to form, then one should use artificial ones, such as a. eidetic imagery. b. habituations. c. redintegration. d. mnemonics. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Short -Term Memory -Do You Know the Magic Number? OBJ: 7.2.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 107. Chunking and maintenance rehearsal are especially important for the improvement of efficiency. a. short -term memory b. eidetic imagery