(Test Bank) PSYCHOLOGY Coon Journey 5th Edition-Chapter 3

Coon, 5

Psychology

Test Bank

5th Edition

• $10.00 $35.00

---

Description

Test Bank for PSYCHOLOGY Coon Journey 5th Edition-Chapter 3, The downloadable file consists of 196 pages, and the total size of the file is 1.87 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Coon

---

---

Study Note Preview

1 Test bank -PSYCHOLOGY Coon Journey 5edition-Chapter 3 Chapter 3: Human Development MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Developmental psychology is the study of a. the language, personality, and emotions of children and adolescents. b. the stages of life and the important tasks of each. c. progressive changes in behavior and abilities from conception to death. d. the role of maturation in the unfolding of human potential. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.1 KEY: Fact 2. Dianne is a psychologist who is interested in the progressive changes that people show in their behavior and abilities from conception to death. Dianne is most likely a psychologist. a. social b. behavioral c. comparative d. developmental ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.1 KEY: Application 3. Developmental psychologists are interested in changes in behavior that occur from a. conception to death (the womb to the tomb). b. birth to adolescence (infant to teen). c. birth to adulthood (child to grown-up). d. conception to senescence. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.1 KEY: Fact 4. Achieving sexual maturity is mostly governed by a. nurture. b. nature. c. the environment. d. evolutionary senescence. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 2 REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 3 5. Learning to dance or to use a computer is primarily a matter of a. nurture. b. nature. c. heredity. d. maturation. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 6. The importance of heredity stems from the fact that it a. is not subject to environmental influences. b. determines the overall health of the organism. c. sets the limits of development by providing a framework of potentials and limitations. d. is more fragile than the environment and, consequently, can be more changeable. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 7. Psychologists generally resolve the nature-nurture debate by agreeing that a. heredity and environment are interacting and inseparable factors in development. b. heredity is more important because it precedes the effects of experience. c. environment is more important because its effects are less flexible than those of heredity. d. environment is more important because most behaviors of interest to psychologists are learned. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.1 KEY: Concept 8. According to the text, what conclusion can be drawn in the nature-nurture debate? a. Heredity is the most important because we inherit our potential for development as well as our limitations. b. Environment is the most important because influences, such as learning, nutrition, disease, and culture affect our ability to develop to our potential. c. It is the interaction between heredity and environment that is important in determining who we become. d. Neither heredity nor environment is important; only our own behavior determines who we are. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.1 KEY: Concept 4 9. The fact that identical twins are less alike as adults than they were as children shows which of the following at work? a. pubescent influences b. senescent influences c. polygenic influences d. environmental influences ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 10. The genetic transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parents to offspring is known as a. development. b. heredity. c. nurture. d. maturation. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 11. When psychologists attribute development to nature, they are referring to the effects of a. mother/infant bonding. b. heredity and genetics. c. environmental influences. d. evolutionary selection. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 12. The uniting of the egg and sperm is referred to as a. development. b. transformation. c. conception. d. developmental sequencing. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 13. Conception occurs when the 5 a. egg is released from the ovary. b. egg and sperm unite. c. fertilized egg makes its first division. d. embryo implants into the uterine lining. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 14. The long, ladder-like chains of chemical molecules that act as a code for genetic information are known as a. DNA. b. gametes. c. ribosomes. d. neurilemmas. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 15. Which of the following is found in the nucleus of every human cell and contains a record of all the instructions needed to make a human? a. DNA b. MSG c. myelin d. neurilemma ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 16. The code for genetic information consists of a. the sperm and ovum. b. the presence of neurotransmitters, especially acetylcholine. c. the order of the molecules making up DNA. d. molecular ganglia. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Concept 17. The chemical molecules making up DNA are a. organic acids. b. organic bases. c. ribosomes. d. molecular ganglia. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 6 18. In 2003, a major scientific milestone was reached with the completion of the entire sequencing of three billion chemical base pairs of human DNA. This project was known as the Project. a. Manhattan b. Nature-Nurture c. Human Genome d. Polygenic Mapping ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 19. Within the nucleus of every human cell are 46 thread-like structures that hold the coded instructions of heredity. These 46 structures are called a. gametes. b. DNA organic acids. c. chromosomes. d. genes. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 20. Which of the following words means “colored body”? a. gene b. chromosome c. zygote d. gamete ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 21. In the nucleus of every human cell, except for the sperm and ova, are chromosomes. a. 24 b. 36 c. 46 d. 60 ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 22. Within the nucleus of each sperm and each ovum, there are chromosomes. a. 23 b. 36 c. 46 d. 60 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 7 KEY: Fact 23. Specific areas on a strand of DNA that carry hereditary information are called a. myelins. b. genes. c. neurilemmas. d. ribosomes. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 24. Chromosomes are made up of a. zygotes. b. gametes. c. genes. d. phenotypes. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 25. The part of a chromosome that contains instructions that affect a particular process or personal characteristic is called a(n) a. isotope. b. gene. c. soma. d. autosome. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 26. A gene whose influence will be expressed each time the gene is present is known as a gene. a. recessive b. dominant c. polygenic d. sex-linked ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 27. A gene whose influence will be expressed only when it is paired with a second gene of the same type is known as a gene. a. recessive 8 b. dominant c. polygenic d. gender-linked ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 28. Which combination could produce a blue-eyed child? a. The father is brown-eyed, and the mother is blue-eyed. b. The father is blue-eyed, and the mother is brown-eyed. c. Both father and mother are brown-eyed. d. Each of these could produce a blue-eyed child. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Application 29. Bruce has a dominant gene for brown eyes and a recessive gene for blue eyes. Bruce’s eye color would be a. green b. brown c. blue d. impossible to predict ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Application 30. Morgan has albinism, a recessive condition resulting in a lack of skin pigment. If neither of Morgan’s parents has albinism, how did Morgan develop this condition? a. Morgan received a dominant gene for the condition from each parent. b. Morgan received a recessive gene for the condition from each parent. c. Morgan received two dominant genes for the condition from one of her parents. d. Morgan received two recessive genes for the condition from one of her parents. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Application 31. Both parents carry one recessive gene for sickle cell anemia, but they do not have sickle cell anemia themselves. What is the chance that their child could have sickle cell anemia? a. one chance in two b. one chance in three c. one chance in four d. no chance (zero out of four) ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Application 9 32. James has one brown-eye gene and one blue-eye gene. His wife Carolyn also has one brown-eye gene and one blue-eye gene. What is the chance that their child could have blue eyes? a. one chance in two b. one chance in three c. one chance in four d. no chance (zero out of four) ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Application 33. Traits that are determined by many genes working in combination are called characteristics. a. dominant b. recessive c. polymorphic d. polygenic ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 34. One’s skin color is controlled by the expression of many genes working together in combination. Thus, skin color is a characteristic. a. dominant b. recessive c. polygenic d. sex-linked ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Concept 35. How many genes have been shown to play a role in determining one’s height? a. only two b. four c. approximately 10 d. almost 200 ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 36. Regarding the mechanisms of heredity, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Most of our characteristics are controlled by single genes. b. Through the expression of genes, heredity determines eye color, skin color, and susceptibility to some diseases. c. Genes can switch on or off at certain ages or developmental stages. d. Genetic instructions influence intelligence, personality traits, and sexual orientation. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 10 KEY: Concept 37. The overall pattern of physical development from conception to death is known as the a. human growth sequence. b. senescence pattern. c. adaptation sequence. d. zone of proximal development. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 38. The broad outlines of the human growth sequence are virtually universal. This fact is evidence of the effect of which of the following on development? a. heredity b. temperament c. environment d. motor primacy ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Concept 39. When an individual develops from a zygote to an embryo to a fetus to a neonate and so on until one’s death, this overall pattern of physical development is known as the a. human growth sequence. b. senescence pattern. c. adaptation sequence. d. zone of proximal development. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Concept 40. In the human growth sequence, the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods make up the period. a. prenatal b. neonatal c. postnatal d. senescence ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 41. In the human growth sequence, which of the following is a CORRECT match between the period and age range? a. embryonic --------- first two weeks after conception b. neonatal --------- two to eight weeks after conception c. fetal --------- eight weeks after conception to birth 11 d. germinal --------- from birth to a few weeks after birth ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 42. In the human growth sequence, the period from a few weeks after birth until the child is walking securely would be known as a. the fetal period. b. the neonatal period. c. infancy. d. toddlerhood. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 43. In the human growth sequence, a child who is between the ages of 15 to 18 months and two to two and half years old would be a. in the pubescence period. b. in the senescence period. c. referred to as a neonate. d. referred to as a toddler. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 44. Carol is seven years old, and her brother is 10 years old. According to the human growth sequence, Carol and her brother are in the period known as a. early childhood. b. middle childhood. c. pubescence. d. senescence. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 45. In the human growth sequence, an extremely variable period that is characterized by marked physiological and psychological deterioration is known as a. the neonatal period. b. the germinal period. c. pubescence. d. senescence. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.2 KEY: Fact 46. The physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system is called a. readiness. 12 b. maturation. c. mobility. d. heredity. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Fact 47. Maturation is defined as the a. physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system. b. organism’s ability to adapt to changing conditions. c. sum of all the external conditions affecting development. d. transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parent to offspring. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Fact 48. Lance is a newborn infant. During the first weeks following birth, Lance would be referred to as a(n) a. embryo. b. neonate. c. zygote. d. fetus. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 49. Regarding the capabilities of the neonate, which of the following statements is/are TRUE? a. Neonates can lift their heads. b. Neonates can turn over. c. Neonates are born with some basic survival skills. d. Neonates are characterized by all of these skills. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 50. In the development of motor skills, such as sitting, standing, and walking, the major force guiding the emergence of these skills seems to be a. assimilation. b. scaffolding. c. learning. d. maturation. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Concept 13 51. The orderly sequence in the development of motor abilities from crawling to walking is a result of a. cultural influences. b. maturation. c. attachment or bonding. d. imitation or modeling. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Fact 52. Regarding the rate and order of maturation, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Rate varies but order is almost universal. b. Both rate and order vary. c. Rate and order are invariant. d. Rate is almost universal but order varies. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Concept 53. If you were to observe the development of psychomotor abilities in infants across cultures, you would find the most similarities in the a. ages at which each ability appears. b. child-rearing practices used to foster development. c. sequence in which abilities appear. d. relationship between intellectual and psychomotor development. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Concept 54. Samantha went from sitting to standing to walking and never crawled. Her motor development would be a. considered still orderly. b. described as an abnormal cephalocaudal development. c. described as an abnormal proximodistal development. d. out of sequence due to excessive training by the parents. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 55. Cephalocaudal means from a. the center of the body to the extremities. b. the past to the future. c. the head to the toes. d. birth to death. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 14 KEY: Fact 56. Proximodistal means from a. the center of the body to the extremities. b. the past to the future. c. the head to the toes. d. birth to death. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Fact 57. Betsy notices that her infant’s muscular control appears to spread in a pattern from the center of his body to his extremities. This pattern she observed is referred to as a. proximodistal. b. cephalocaudal. c. the zone of proximal development. d. scaffolding. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 58. Muscular control spreads in a pattern from head to toe, according to the a. zone of proximal development. b. adaptive gradient. c. cephalocaudal pattern. d. proximodistal pattern. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Fact 59. Amy lifts her head, then learns to crawl, then to walk with the development progressing from her head to her feet. This progression illustrates a. the cephalocaudal pattern. b. the proximodistal pattern. c. habituation. d. assimilation. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Application 60. Gabe, at first, holds the beach ball by pulling the ball to his body with his arms. With increasing age, he begins to hold the ball with his hands and later with his fingertips. This progression of development illustrates a. the cephalocaudal pattern. b. the proximodistal pattern. 15 c. habituation. d. assimilation. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Application 61. Regarding the motor skills of babies, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Motor skills simply emerge at the appropriate developmental ages. b. Behaviors in infants are sudden and dramatic; one day, they are sitting without support, and the next day they are standing holding on to the furniture. c. Babies tend to tune their motor skills over time, making their movements smoother and more effective. d. Maturation is the only factor behind developing motor skills. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Concept 62. Regarding the motor skills of babies, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. It is not unusual for many of the motor skills to appear one to two months earlier than average or several months later. b. The order of maturation of motor skills is almost universal. c. Babies tend to tune their motor skills over time, making their movements smoother and more effective. d. Babies who substitute rolling, creeping, or shuffling for crawling are considered to be developmentally delayed. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Concept 63. Psychologist Carolyn Rovee-Collier placed babies on their backs under a colorful crib mobile and tied a ribbon around the baby’s ankle, connecting it to the mobile. Whenever the babies spontaneously kicked their legs, the mobile jingled and rattled. Within minutes, infants as young as what age learned to control their movements and kick faster to move the mobile more? a. three months b. six months c. nine months d. 12 months ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.3 KEY: Fact 64. The grasping, rooting, and sucking reflexes of infants are best described as 16 a. fixed action patterns. b. instincts. c. conditioned reflexes. d. adaptive reflexes. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 KEY: Fact 65. Bobby touches his newborn brother’s palm and his little brother takes hold of Bobby’s finger and will not let go. This is known as the reflex. a. grasping b. rooting c. Babinski d. Moro ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 KEY: Application 66. Which of the following is an adaptive infant reflex that is elicited by pressing an object into the neonate’s palm and aids the neonate’s survival by helping him or her to avoid falling? a. Moro reflex b. rooting reflex c. Babinski reflex d. grasping reflex ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 67. Regarding the grasping reflex, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The grasping reflex is considered an adaptive infant reflex. b. The grasping reflex aids survival by helping infants avoid falling. c. The grasping reflex is elicited for the first time as a baby attempts to stand by holding onto objects. d. The grasping reflex can be so strong that many infants can hang from a raised bar, like little trapeze artists. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 17 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 68. If touched on the cheek, neonates will turn their head in that direction. This is called the a. Moro reflex. b. rooting reflex. c. orientation response. d. Babinski response. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 KEY: Fact 69. Which of the following reflexes are most related to feeding? a. Moro and rooting reflexes b. rooting and sucking reflexes c. Moro and sucking reflexes d. Babinski and orienting reflexes ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 KEY: Fact 70. Which reflex helps a baby find a bottle nipple or breast? a. rooting b. Babinski c. grasping d. Moro ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 KEY: Fact 71. When a nipple touches the infant’s mouth, rhythmic nursing occurs. This is known as the reflex. a. rooting b. sucking c. grasping d. Moro ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 KEY: Fact 72. When a nipple touches the infant’s mouth, the sucking reflex helps the infant obtain needed food. Like other reflexes, this is a(n) action. a. completely learned b. teratogenic c. transformational d. genetically programmed ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 18 REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 73. If an infant is startled by a loud sound or if his or her position is abruptly changed, the infant will make movements similar to an embrace. This is called the reflex. a. grasping b. rooting c. Babinski d. Moro ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 KEY: Concept 74. The Moro reflex occurs when the a. baby is rooting or nursing. b. bottom of a baby’s foot is stroked. c. baby is startled. d. baby is held under his or her arms as if standing. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 75. Jeremy is an infant, who is sitting in his high chair, when his big brother runs into the kitchen from the backyard and slams the door. Little Jeremy reacts to this loud noise by throwing his arms out into a hugging motion. Little Jeremy’s reaction illustrates a. the Moro reflex. b. the Babinski reflex. c. an insecure ambivalent attachment to his brother. d. a secure attachment to his brother. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.4 KEY: Application 76. Regarding sensory capabilities of the neonate, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Although their senses are less acute, neonates are very responsive. b. Neonates can smell, taste, and respond to pain and touch. c. From birth, neonates will turn in the direction of sounds. d. Neonates are unable to follow a moving object with their eyes. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.5 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 77. Which of the following devices was invented by Robert Fantz and allows researchers to observe the movements of an infants’ eyes in order to determine what infants can see and what holds their attention? a. looking chamber 19 b. perceptual box c. infant perception theater d. visual stimuli and response chamber ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.5 KEY: Fact 78. The looking chamber, which is a device used in visual perception research conducted with infants, was invented by a. B. F. Skinner. b. Robert Fantz. c. Jerome Kagan. d. Jean Piaget. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.5 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 79. Regarding the visual capabilities of the neonate, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. From birth, neonates are able to follow a moving object with their eyes. b. A neonate’s vision is just as sharp as that of adults. c. Just hours after they are born, babies begin to prefer seeing their mother’s face rather than a stranger’s. d. Three-day-old babies prefer looking at complex patterns, such as checkerboards and bull’s-eyes, to simpler colored rectangles. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.5 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 80. Regarding the visual capabilities of the neonate, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Neonates can most clearly see objects about a foot away from them. b. Just hours after they are born, babies begin to prefer seeing their mother’s face rather than a stranger’s. c. When babies are only two to five days old, they will pay more attention to a person who is gazing directly at them, rather than one who is looking away. d. Three-day-old babies prefer looking at simple colored rectangles rather than more complex patters, such as checkerboards. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.5 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 20 81. According to the visual research done by Fantz and others, three-day-old babies are LEAST likely to look at which pattern? a. complex patterns b. circles and curves c. a rectangle d. a human face ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.5 KEY: Fact 82. Studies of visual perception indicate that infants under six months a. pay more attention to simple patterns rather than complex ones. b. pay more attention to a person who is gazing directly at them, rather than one who is looking away. c. prefer to look at colored ovals rather than human faces. d. show all of these preferences. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.5 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 83. Regarding their visual capabilities, babies are able to recognize categories of objects that differ in shape and color as early as the age of a. two months. b. six months. c. nine months. d. one year. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.5 KEY: Fact 84. Regarding their visual capabilities, babies are able to tell the difference between dogs and birds or other groups of animals as early as the age of a. two months. b. six months. c. nine months. d. one year. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.5 KEY: Fact 85. Regarding their visual capabilities, babies will be able to see as well as their parents by the age of a. two months. b. six months. c. nine months. d. one year. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 21 REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.5 KEY: Fact 86. Regarding the visual perception of babies, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Just hours after they are born, babies begin to prefer seeing their mother’s face rather than a stranger’s. b. At six months old, babies are able to recognize categories of objects that differ in shape or color. c. At age seven months, babies are able to see as well as their parents. d. At nine months old, babies are able to tell the difference between dogs and birds or other groups of animals. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.5 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 87. Milestones, such as when children are able to walk alone, feed themselves, or become toilet trained tend to be governed by a. assimilation. b. resiliency. c. habituation. d. readiness. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 88. A condition that exists when maturation has advanced enough to allow the rapid acquisition of a particular skill is known as a. readiness. b. assimilation. c. habituation. d. enrichment. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.6 KEY: Fact 89. Until minimum levels of physical structure are mature, no amount of practice will be sufficient to develop certain skills. This statement reflects a. assimilation. b. readiness. c. resiliency. d. habituation. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.6 KEY: Concept 22 90. Sarah is seven months old. Her parents spend three hours a day for five weeks straight holding Sarah up next to furniture in hopes that she will grab onto the furniture and stand by herself. Sarah hates this treatment and screams and cries, but her parents are unyielding. Finally, at the end of the fifth week, Sarah stands up by herself while holding onto the furniture. Her parents smile triumphantly. What have they accomplished here? a. Sarah’s parents have trained Sarah to stand up by herself earlier than the average. b. Sarah was ready to stand up by herself at about eight months of age; but her parents simply put her through a training ordeal for nothing. c. If Sarah’s parents had not trained her, Sarah would have been developmentally delayed. d. Sarah’s parents have respected her personal rate of growth by encouraging her with psychomotor training. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.6 KEY: Application 91. Jeffery is 18 months old, and his mother has spent almost every waking moment of the last three weeks trying to toilet-train Jeffery. However, Jeffery has shown no improvement. Jeffery’s mother should be told that toilet training as well as other milestones in development are governed by the a. habituation of the child. b. child’s assimilation pattern. c. child’s readiness. d. quality and quantity of the training. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.6 KEY: Application 92. Current guidelines suggest that toilet training goes most smoothly when begun between age months. a. nine and 12 b. 12 and 16 c. 18 and 24 d. 30 and 42 ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.6 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 93. Regarding toilet training, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Parents may control when toilet training starts, but maturation tends to dictate when it will be completed. b. Current guidelines suggest that toilet training goes most smoothly when begun between 10 and 16 months of age. 23 c. Parents are asking for failure when they try to force a child to learn skills too early or too late. d. The older a child is before toilet training begins, the more likely he or she is to fail to develop full bladder control and become a daytime “wetter.” ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 94. Nature is to heredity as nurture is to a. environment. b. genetics. c. maturation. d. readiness. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 95. The sum of all external conditions that affect a person is referred to as a. nurture. b. senescence. c. nature. d. the human growth sequence. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Fact 96. When John B. Watson made the statement that if he had a dozen infants he could take any one of them at random and train him to be a doctor, merchant, thief, etc., he was referring to the powerful effect of a. nature. b. temperament. c. the human growth sequence. d. the environment. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Application 97. Compared to an adult, the brain of a newborn baby has a. significantly more dendrites and synapses. b. slightly more dendrites and synapses. c. fewer dendrites and synapses. d. the same number of dendrites and synapses. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 24 98. Compared to the adult brain, the brain of a newborn baby has fewer nerve cell branches that receive information, which are called a. axons. b. dendrites. c. nodes of Ranvier. d. neurilemma. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 99. Compared to the adult brain, the brain of a newborn baby has fewer connections between nerve cells, which are called a. dendrites. b. synapses. c. ion channels. d. nodes of Ranvier. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 100. The brain of a newborn baby is capable of being altered by experience, that is, it is highly a. plastic. b. polygenic. c. anthropomorphic. d. denotative. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Fact 101. Millions of new connections form in the child’s brain every day, while unused connections disappear through a process known as a. scaffolding. b. “top-to-bottom processing.” c. anthropomorphic delineation. d. “blooming and pruning.” ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Fact 102. Loud noises can increase the fetus’ heart rate and movement, which illustrates that outside conditions can affect the unborn in the environment. a. teratogen b. genetic c. intrauterine d. endogenomic 25 ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Concept 103. Because of work pressures, Marian experienced a great deal of stress during her pregnancy. Due to this stress, Marian’s baby a. may be a smaller, weaker baby at birth. b. may develop severe learning disabilities. c. will have a higher risk of autism. d. will not have a higher risk of any physical or mental problems. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 104. Defects that originate during prenatal development in the womb due to environmental conditions are known as a. congenital problems. b. genetic disorders. c. senescence disorders. d. endogenomic problems. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Fact 105. Defects that are caused by inherited characteristics are known as a. congenital problems. b. genetic disorders. c. teratogen defects. d. endogenomic problems. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 106. A physician who describes an infant as slow to develop and respond because of congenital problems is attributing the cause of the abnormality to the a. postnatal environment. b. infant’s heredity. c. mother’s heredity. d. intrauterine environment. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Nature and Nurture-It Takes Two to Tango OBJ: 3.1.7 KEY: Application 107. If an expectant mother is exposed to German measles, the child could be born with a a. genetic defect. b. congenital problem.