(Test Bank) Discover Biology

Cain,Kaesuk,Anu,Cundy, 4

Biology

Test Bank

4th Edition

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Test Bank for Discover Biology, The downloadable file consists of 475 pages, and the total size of the file is 4.7 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Cain, Kaesuk, Anu, Cundy

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Test Bank for Discover Biology 4e Michael Cain , Carol Kaesuk , Yoon Anu , Singh Cundy Chapter 1: The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Developing a scientific understanding of a natural phenomenon typically begins by a. making a prediction. c. proving an answer. b. testing a hypothesis. d. making an observation. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: Factual 2. Once supported by a predictable experimental outcome, a scientific hypothesis a. is never reexamined. b. still cannot be considered to have been proven true. c. can be used to predict the outcome of all future similar events. d. is elevated to the status of theory. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 OBJ: Applied 3. Which of the following statements is true? a. Once a hypothesis has been proposed, it can never be challenged. b. A valid scientific hypothesis is self -evident and does not need to be tested by experimentation. c. The scientific method can help people make informed medical and environmental decision s. d. If properly designed, experiments always prove hypotheses to be wrong. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 OBJ: Applied 4. Which of the following questions could not be used to develop a testable hypothesis? a. Does exposure to second -hand smoke affect the probability of developing lung cancer? b. Do organic vegetables contain harmful substances? c. Should everyone drink bottled water only? d. Does a can of vegetable juice contain more salt than the same size can of iced tea? ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 OBJ: Applied 5. A medical diagnosis is a. an observation. c. a theory. b. an experiment. d. a hypothesis. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 OBJ: Applied 6. Which of the following is an experiment? a. reading a blood pressure gauge c. taking prescription medicine b. examining an X -ray d. making a medical diagnosis ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: Applied 7. Some questions fall outside the realm of science; which of the following questions could not be answered using the scientific method? a. What is the function of the appendix in human beings? b. Why is it unethical to test newly developed drugs in animals? c. Why do smokers develop lung cancer more frequently than nonsmokers? d. Why is it so difficult to quit smoking? ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: Applied 8. The scientific method cann ot be used to evaluate untestable hypotheses; what types of questions are untestable? a. questions about topics other than the natural world b. questions about the events immediately following the origin of the universe c. questions about the behavior of plants and animals d. questions whose possible answers are socially controversial ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: Applied 9. Which of the following represents conducting an experiment? a. dialing a telephone number b. comparing prices of computers c. checking your midterm grades online d. predicting the outcome of a basketball game ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: Conceptual 10. When you dial a telephone number you are a. making an observation. c. conducting an experiment. b. testing a hypothesis. d. b and c above ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: Conceptual 11. Dr. Burkholder hypothesized that Pfiesteria was associated with the massive die -offs of estuarine fish. Her hypothesis was supported when a. Pfiesteria was shown to be capable of living within the climatic ranges of North Carolina. b. a predicted increase in Pfiesteria populations coincided with a fish die -off. c. new observations revealed Pfiesteria could kill laboratory fish. d. a virulent toxin wa s isolated from Pfiesteria cultures grown in the laboratory. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: Applied 12. Although it seems contradictory, science cannot prove a hypothesis to be true. This is because a. all true hypotheses will be rejected by the scientific method because they can be proven false. b. future experiments or discoveries may provide data that re futes the hypothesis. c. science is a human endeavor, and like all human endeavors, is limited by human understanding. d. the scientific method is limited to examination of the natural world. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: Conceptual 13. The figure below represents the steps in the scientific method. Dr. JoAnn Burkholder believes the wrong strains of Pfiesteria were used by independent laboratories looking for fish -killing toxin.What step in the figure above would her contention represent? a. observation c. predicti on b. hypothesis d. test ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: Conceptual 14. The basic unit of life is the a. cell. c. organelle. b. organ. d. tissue. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 15. Living cells are separated from the outside environment by a flexible a. nucleus. c. cell wall. b. membrane. d. DNA circle. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 16. What characteristic is not shared by all living organisms? a. They make their own energy. c. They evolve through time. b. They grow and develop. d. They are composed of one or more cells. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 17. Which organism might harvest energy from iron? a. a human c. a bacterium b. a cricket d. a goat ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 18. Homeostasis is the ability to detect and correct disturbances that develop within an organism; which of the following illustrates homeostasis? a. hunger c. perspiration b. thirst d. all of the above ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 19. Which of the following has a reproductive strategy that does not depend on eggs and sperm? a. a grasshopper c. a turtle b. a black widow spider d. a bacterium ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 20. A group of interbreeding organisms whose offspring are themselves fertile constitutes a a. web. c. unit. b. biome. d. species. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 21. Consider each of the following true statements; which statement supports the theory that all living organisms descended from one common ancestor? a. Viruses have a protein coat. b. Offspring resemble their parents. c. All living organisms use DNA as their hereditary material. d. Some organisms are consumers, while others are producers. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 22. A ______ consists of groups of different species living and interacting in a given area. a. biosphere c. community b. population d. habitat ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 23. Charles Darwin introduced the concept of adaptation, which he defined as features a. that help organisms survive and reproduce. b. that allow an organism to resist the pressures of evolutionary change. c. that allow organisms to change their environment in ways that best ensure continued survival. d. All of the above are aspects of the definition of adaptation. ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 24. All animals have the capacity to sense and respond to their environment; humans, for example, a. can see better than any other animal. b. can hear better than any other animal. c. have a better sense of smell than any other animal. d. while not the fastest or strongest animal, have a set of sensory adaptations that are entirely compatible with human biology and environment. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 OBJ: Conceptual 25. There is a unity in the characteristics of living organisms because they a. are all multicellular. b. are all producers. c. have been stable and unchanging throughout time. d. descended from a common ancestor. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 26. Which of the following statements incorrectly describes a characteristic of living organisms? a. All organisms require energy. b. All organisms consume other living things to obtain their energy. c. All organisms can sense and respond to th eir environment. d. All organisms reproduce. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 27. DNA is one of the features common to all known forms of life; a. it forms the protective outer membrane of cells. b. it is produced expressly for reproduction and is found only in egg and sperm. c. it is the blueprint that guides the growth, development, behavior, and reproduction of all organisms. d. its absence in viruses is the basis for classifying them as nonlivin g. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 28. In which of the following objects would the energy content be most directly connected to solar energy? a. an apple c. a slice of pizza b. a hamburger d. a grilled cheese sandwich ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 29. Which o f the following statements is true? a. Producers obtain their energy from other organisms. b. Producers represent the final energy transfer in a food web. c. Consumers obtain their energy from other organisms. d. Consumers represent the initial energy transfer in a food web. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 30. Examine the figure below. What best explains why the young woman is drinking after her exercise session? a. Exercise creates body heat, which needs to be eliminated. b. Cold water cools the body and restores the temperature balance —a process known as homeostasis. c. The beverage is most likely a sugar -sweetened soft drink; sugar replenishes the energy lost during exercise. d. Sweating to eliminate excess heat is a sourc e of water loss, which must be replenished if homeostasis is to be maintained. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 OBJ: Conceptual 31. Examine the figure below. What best explains the motivation of the snake? a. Mice will eat snake eggs if they are unprotected in the nest; the snake is protecting its eggs. b. Snakes are highly territorial and attack intruders; the mouse wandered into the snake’s territory c. The snake is a consumer; it is eating the mouse to obtain energy. d. Any one of the above is a reasonable hypothesis; but more information is needed befo re the question can be answered. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 OBJ: Conceptual 32. Scientists disagree whether viruses a. should be classified as living organisms. b. reproduce. c. contain genetic material. d. have nuclei and organelles. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: Factual 33. When compared to living organisms, viruses display several unusual features; one of the most striking is that a. viruses do not evolve. b. viral reproduction utilizes a cloning strategy that is independent of DNA. c. viruses utilize both DNA and RNA in their biochemistry. d. viruses are not constructed from cells. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: Factual 34. Although vaccination can provide a lifelong protection against some diseases, flu vaccines are rarely effective against next year’s flu because the virus that causes flu a. is not alive. b. can evolve quickly. c. can change its cell membranes and block the action of the vaccine. d. can develop into immune bacteria and neutralize the action of the vaccine. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 OBJ: Applied 35. Which of the following sequences correctly represents the bi ological hierarchy of a multicellular organism? a. cells → tissues → organs → individual b. tissues → organs → cells → individual c. individual → cells → organ systems → tissues d. organ systems → organs → tissues → individual ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 OBJ: Factual 36. An organ is defined as a body structure composed of a. two or more molecules. c. two or more tissues. b. two or more cells. d. none of the above ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 OBJ: Factual 37. Land biomes are most commonly defined by a. their food webs. b. the dominant animal life in them. c. the dominant plant life in them. d. the combination of dominant plant and animal life in them. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 OBJ: Factual 38. When compared to a natural system, a college campus is most similar to a. an ecosystem. c. a biome. b. a community. d. a population. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.4 OBJ: Applied 39. Which of the following ecological features would not be considered a component of an ecosystem? a. an individual c. a population b. a community d. a biome ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.4 OBJ: Conceptual 40. Which of the following statements is true? a. Ecosystems are composed of one or more biomes. b. Communities are composed of one or more ecosystems. c. The biosphere includes all life forms and the spaces where they live. d. The biosphere is an intermediate classification that falls between ecosystems and biomes. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.4 OBJ: Factual 41. Which of the following statements is true? a. Since they do not consume their prey, decomposers are usually not included within the food web for a typical ecosystem. b. Ecosystems create the energy needed for their continued existence; the process can be represented using a food web. c. Organisms that eat plants do not use energy. d. Energy generally flows in one direction through the biosphere. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.4 OBJ: Conceptual 42. Multicellular organisms are constructed from many types of specialized cells. Why might this be more advantageous than being a single -celled organism? a. Specialized cells can do a given job better than a general -purpose cell can. b. Specialized cells can survive independently of the multicellular organism. c. Nonspecialized cells do not live as long as specialized cells. d. Nonspecialized cells are unable to stick together to make up a multicellular organism. ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.4 OBJ: Conceptual 43. Modern life often masks the struggles that have characterized human life through much of its history; survival in the past was critically dependent on the ability of humans to a. run faster than most human predators. b. solve complex prob lems. c. hear sounds at much lower intensities than other animals. d. sense a wider range of smells than other animals. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.4 OBJ: Conceptual 44. Ecologis ts use food webs to diagrammatically or verbally represent a. how organisms in an ecosystem select their mates during reproduction. b. how energy moves between the various members of the ecosystem. c. which species can interbreed with other species. d. the organization of an organism. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 OBJ: Factual 45. Most ecosystems experience energy loses that equal energy gain; the quantity of incoming solar energy is equal to the quantity of outgoing _______ energy. a. light c. heat b. sound d. ultraviolet ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 OBJ: Conceptual 46. The figure below of a desert ecosystem illustrates the interdependency of natural systems. What component, if removed, would have the most immediate disruptive effect on the system? a. sunlight c. consumers b. producers d. decomposers ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.5 OBJ: Conceptual 47. Stanley Miller simulated Earth’s ancient atmosphere and exposed it to “lightning” to test whether a. DNA could be produced from RNA. b. life could have evolved on planets other than Earth. c. the chemical molecules characteristic of life could have arise n independently of living organisms. d. cells could tolerate an exposure to electricity. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Science Toolkit OBJ: Applied 48. Although rare, rock fragments of Mars hav e reached earth after having been blown into space during meteorite impacts, and could possibly have transported organisms like nanobacteria with them. What type of organism would support this hypothesis? a. organisms whose overall dimensions were smaller than most cellular components b. organisms that used a molecule very different from DNA during their reproduction c. organisms that were simultaneously producers and consumers d. organisms that resisted de composition following death. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: Biology in the News OBJ: Conceptual COMPLETION 1. Biology is the scientific study of _______. ANS: life DIF: Easy REF: introduction OBJ: Factual 2. The scientific method begins with________. ANS: observations DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: Factual 3. In the scientific method observations are followed most often by___________ and then ___________. ANS: hypotheses; experiments DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: Factual 4. Having first developed a _________, scientists can then propose testable predictions. ANS : hypothesis DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: Factual 5. Experimentation is the primary means that verify or refute the _______ made by a hypothesis. ANS: predictions DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 OBJ: Applied 6. Plants convert the energy in _______ into energy -rich substances using a process called photosynthesis. ANS: sunlight DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 7. Advantageous features that evolve over time and help an organism survive or reproduce are called _______. ANS: adaptations DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 8. Through the process of _______, a group of organisms can develop new characteristics over time. ANS: evolution DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 9. The genetic material used for reproduction by those organisms conventionally considered to be living is _______. ANS: DNA DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 10. Living organisms must be able to sense and respond to both their internal and external _______ in order to survive. ANS: environments DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 11. Plants and animals need a variety of resources to carry out and maintain life pr ocesses; the most important is _______. ANS: energy DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 12. Because the distinction between life and nonlife is an arbitrary one, not all biologists agree on what things should be considered living; one group, the _______, appears to be right at the boundary between life and nonlife. ANS: viruses DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 OBJ: Applied 13. A _______ is constructed from a molecule of genetic material contained within a capsule of protein. ANS: virus DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 OBJ: Applied 14. A _______ is a group of individuals belonging to the same species. ANS: population DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 OBJ: Factual 15. In the biosphere energy moves from the sun first to producers, then to consumers, and then to __________. ANS: decomposers DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 OBJ: Factual TRUE/FALSE 1. A scientific hypothesis must be testable; if not, science cannot evaluate it. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 OBJ: Applied 2. A good hypothesis is easy to prove. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 OBJ: Applied 3. Hypotheses can be rejected or supported by exper iments, or, in some instances, new observations. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 OBJ: Conceptual 4. Once experimental data verifies a prediction the hypothesis is considered proven. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 OBJ: Conceptual 5. DNA is an example of the molecular level of biological organization. ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 6. All living organisms sense their environment and respond to it. ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 7. Some bacteria can sense direction using magnetic particles in their cells. ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 8. Not all living things obtain their energy from the sun, iron can be an energy source for some organisms. ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: Factual 9. New cells are created when existing cells divide; immediately after division every cell of every known living organism will contain DNA. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 10. Because the brain is constructed from nerve cells it is c onsidered an organ. ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 OBJ: Applied 11. Those organisms classified as consumers capture their energy directly from the sun. ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 OBJ: Factual 12. Organisms classified as decomposers challenge the stability of ecosystems by prematurely removing organisms directly responsible for the flow of energy. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 OBJ: Applied Chapter 2: Organizing the Diversity of Life MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The science of systematics is used to a. predict an organism’s future evolution. c. show relationships among organisms. b. decide when an organism died. d. decipher an organism’s DNA. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 2.1 OBJ: Factual 2. Which of the following features is not convergent? a. the caudal fin of a whale and shark c. the hand of a chimpanzee and human b. the opposable thumb of a human and panda d. the wing of a bat and bird ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 2.1 OBJ: Factual 3. If a biologist finds an insect that doesn’t resemble anything seen before, it a. may be a new species. b. may be an undescribed life history stage of an already known species. c. may be a member of the other gender of a known species. d. all of the above ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 2.1 OBJ: Factual 4. Evolutionary tree diagrams showing the relationships between various organisms can be drawn because those organisms share a. common descendants. c. common cellular metabolism. b. distinct lineages. d. a common ancestor. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 2.1 OBJ: Applied 5. Evolutionary trees are based on a. the principle of convergent evolution. b. a set of shared characteristics believed to have arisen in a common ancestor. c. similarities in function of a characteristic. d. consensus regarding the usefulness of particular traits. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 2.1 OBJ: Factual 6. Any two groups of organisms will have a. 2 most recent common ancestors. b. no more than 4 most recent common ancestors. c. only 1 most recent common ancestor. d. as many as 16 most recent common ancestors. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 2.1 OBJ: Applied 7. All of the following sources of information except _______ can be used to construct evolutionary trees. a. habitat preferences c. instinctive behavior b. body form d. learned behaviors ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 2.1 OBJ: Applied 8. A set of shared derived features a. will be unique to each Linnaean taxon. b. marks a group of species as a set of close relatives. c. most often indicates convergences. d. can be found only in humans. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 2.1 OBJ: Factual 9. DNA analysis has become a useful tool for understanding the relationships between organisms because a. DNA codes for all traits, visible or invisible. b. DNA is used by all organisms to collect energy. c. only mammals have DNA. d. knowing the DNA codes means we no longer have to use systematics. ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 2.1 OBJ: Factual 10. Evolutionary trees have been successfully used to a. identify those species most closely related to humans. b. explain how evolution works. c. explain why most carnivorous mammals have four or five toes. d. explain the potential impact of global climate change. ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 2.1 OBJ: Applied 11. The emergence of each new branch on the evolutionary tree represents a. the addition of a new Linnaean taxon within that lineage. b. the completion of a generation for that particular organism. c. the introduction of the most important features of a group. d. a common ancestor and the introduction of a new shared, derived feature. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 2.1 OBJ: Conceptual 12. The presence of convergent features a. indicates a close evolutionary relationship. b. indicates that two species have merged to become a single species. c. indicates distantly related species adapting to similar environmental conditions. d. occurs only in plants. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 2.1 OBJ: Factual 13. Descendant organisms a. do not share any features with their descendants. b. have all the same features as their descendants. c. share some features with their ancestors. d. do not have features their ancestors lacked. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 2.1 OBJ: Conceptual 14. The organisms farthest from the base of an evolutionary tree are a. unrelated to the organisms separated by one or more branch points. b. less primitive than the organisms lower on the tree. c. those that have evolved most recently. d. chronologically older than the organisms lower on the tree. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 2.1 OBJ: Applied 15. Examine the evolutionary tree pictured below. In this evolutionary tree, which number represents the most recent common ancestor of A, B, and C? a. 1 c. 3 b. 2 d. 4 ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 2.1 OBJ: Conceptual 16. Reconsideration of the Gobi Desert site where Oviraptor fossils were found has led paleontologists to hypothesize that a. the most recent common ancestor of the turtles and crocodilians was a dinosaur. b. some dinosaurs commonly ate eggs. c. some dinosau rs exhibited parental care. d. dinosaurs were driven to extinction shortly after the appearance of birds. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 2.2 OBJ: Applied 17. To produce an evolutionary tree it is necessary to first determine a. which organisms are the oldest. b. the full DNA sequence of each organism that will be included within the tree. c. the shared derived features present within each group of organisms. d. the number of lineages in each group. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 2.2 OBJ: Applied 18. Examine the evolutionary tree pictured below. In this evolutionary tree, which groups of organisms are likely to share the most behaviors? a. 5 and 4 c. 5 and 2 b. 5 and 3 d. 5 and 1 ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 2.2 OBJ: Conceptual 19. The following numbered sets of characters each represent a distinct group of organisms. 1. three toes per foot, feathers, cold blooded, no finger adaptations 2. three toes per foot, body hair, warm blooded, opposable thumbs 3. three toes per foot, f eathers, warm blooded, no finger adaptations 4. three toes per foot, body hair, warm blooded, no finger adaptations