(Test Bank) Criminalistics An Introduction To Forensic Science

Saferstein, 12

Criminology & Criminal Justice

Test Bank

12th Edition

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Test Bank for Criminalistics An Introduction To Forensic Science, The downloadable file consists of 493 pages, and the total size of the file is 1.06 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Saferstein

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5 Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science, 12e (Saferstein) Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Forensic science is the application of science to: A) Crime scene reconstruction. B) Civil laws. C) Criminal laws. D) Both criminal and civil laws. Answer: D Page Ref: 04 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Basic 2) The fictional character of Sherlock Holmes was created by: A) Dalton. B) Doyle. C) Darwin. D) Denton. Answer: B Page Ref: 06 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 3) Who is known as the "father of forensic toxicology"? A) Orfilia B) Locard C) Osborn D) Lattes Answer: A Page Ref: 06 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 4) Who developed the system known as anthrop ometry? A) Bertillon B) Goddard C) Gross D) Galton Answer: A Page Ref: 06 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate (Test Bank all Chapters)6 5) Who undertook the first definitive study of fingerprints as a method of personal identification? A) Gross B) Lattes C) Goddard D) Galton Answer: D Page Ref: 08 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 6) Who devised a technique for determining the blood group of a dried bloodstain, which he ap plied to criminal investigations? A) Lattes B) Gross C) Locard D) Bertillon Answer: A Page Ref: 08 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 7) Who established the comparison microscope as the indispensable tool of the modern firearms examiner? A) Goddard B) Lattes C) Gross D) Osborn Answer: A Page Ref: 08 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 8) Who wrote the first treatise describing the application of science to the field of criminal investigation? A) Locard B) Osborn C) Lattes D) Gross Answer: D Page Ref: 08 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 7 9) Who established the first workable crime laboratory? A) Galton B) Bert illon C) Locard D) Osborn Answer: C Page Ref: 08 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 10) The exchange of evidence principle was theorized by: A) Gross. B) Locard. C) Galton. D) Osborn. Answer: B Page Ref: 09 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Basic 11) The oldest forensic laboratory in the United States is that of the: A) N.Y.C. Police Department. B) FBI. C) Los Angeles Police Department. D) Secret Service. Answer: C Page Ref: 09 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 12) Which of the following can be rightfully cited as an explanation for the rapid growth of crime labs during the last 40 years? A) Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s B) Staggering increase in crime rates in the United States C) Advent of DNA profiling D) All of the above Answer: D Page Ref: 10 Objective: Distinguish forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Basic 8 13) Which entity maintains the larges t crime laboratory in the world? A) FBI B) Royal Canadian Mounted Police C) Scotland Yard D) ATF Answer: A Page Ref: 11 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Basic 14) Which would NOT be included in the work of the biology unit of a crime lab? A) Blood typing B) Comparison of hairs C) DNA profiling D) Fingerprint analysis Answer: D Page Ref: 13 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a ty pical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Basic 15) Which unit is responsible for the examination of body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons? A) Toxicology unit B) Physical science unit C) Evidence c ollection unit D) Biology unit Answer: A Page Ref: 14 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Basic 16) The concept of "general acceptance" of scientific evidence relates to the: A) First Amendment. B) Exclusionary rule. C) Frye standard. D) Miranda warnings. Answer: C Page Ref: 17 Objective: Explain how physical evidence is analyzed and presented in the courtroom by the forensic scientist, and how admissibility of evidence is determined in the courtroom. Level: Intermediate 9 17) In the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc. , the U.S. Supreme Court advocated that a "gatekeeper" determine the admissibility and reliability of scient ific evidence. This gatekeeper is the: A) Expert witness. B) Prosecutor. C) Jury. D) Trial judge. Answer: D Page Ref: 18 Objective: Explain how physical evidence is analyzed and presented in the courtroom by the forensic scientist, and how admissibility of evidence is determined in the courtroom. Level: Intermediate 18) Which of the following is NOT true? An expert witness must be able to demonstrate: A) Skill in trade or profession of interest to the court. B) Significant experience in a relevant field. C) A formal degree in forensic science. D) Education in his/her area of expertise. Answer: C Page Ref: 19 Objective: Explain the role and responsibilities of the expert witness. Level: Intermediate 19) The final evaluator of forensic evidence is the: A) Police. B) Jury. C) Accused. D) Prosecutor. Answer: B Page Ref: 19 Objective: Explain how physical evidence is analyzed and presented in the courtroom by the forensic scientist, and how admissibility of evidence is determined in the courtroom. Level: Basic 20) What is the LEAST important consideration in the gathering of evidence at a crime scene? A) Adequate preservation of samples B) Competent collection of materials C) Guilt of the suspect(s) D) Proper recognition of the evidence Answer: C Page Ref: 21 Objective: Explain how physical evidence is analyzed and presented in the courtroom by the forensic scientist, and how admissibility of evidence is determined in the courtroom. Level: Intermediate 10 21) Bite marks would be LEAST likely to b e found in cases involving: A) Murder. B) Child abuse. C) Arson. D) Sexual abuse. Answer: C Page Ref: 23 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Basic 22) Forensic odontology refers to the study of: A) Drugs. B) Pollen. C) Teeth. D) Bones. Answer: C Page Ref: 23 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Basic 23) Which of the following services are typically provided to law enforcement by crime laboratories? A) Pathology B) Criminalistics C) Odontology D) Psychology Answer: B Page Ref: 05 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical compreh ensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Basic 24) The case of Coppolino v. State highlights issues dealing with: A) Search and seizure. B) The admissibility of the polygraph. C) The evidential value of confessions. D) The acceptabi lity of new scientific tests. Answer: D Page Ref: 20 Objective: Explain how physical evidence is analyzed and presented in the courtroom by the forensic scientist, and how admissibility of evidence is determined in the courtroom. Level: Intermediate 11 25) The scientific method requires that scientific evidence be validated by: A) Formulating pertinent questions. B) Formulating hypotheticals. C) Performing experiments. D) All of the above Answer: D Page Ref: 17 Objective: Distinguish bet ween forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Basic 26) The eleven sections of The American Academy of Forensic Science include all of the following EXCEPT: A) General. B) Arson/Explosives. C) Jurisprudence. D) Criminalistics. Answer: B Page Ref: 04 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 27) The tendency of the public to believe that every crime scene will yield forensic evidence and their unre alistic expectations that a prosecutor's case should always be bolstered and supported by forensic evidence is known as: A) Jurisprudence. B) Locard's Principle. C) The Scientific Method. D) The CSI Effect. Answer: D Page Ref: 05 Objective: Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 28) What is the major problem facing the forensic DNA community? A) Contamination of DNA samples by evidence collectors B) Backlog of unanalyzed DNA samples C) Lack of recent ad vancements in DNA technology D) Existence of computerized DNA databases Answer: B Page Ref: 11 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 12 29) Which unit applies principles and techniques of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime scene evidence? A) Forensic geology B) Physical science C) Toxicology D) Biology Answer: B Page Ref: 12 Objective: Describe the organi zation and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 30) Which specialized area of forensic science examines the relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings? A) Forensic jury sel ection B) Jurisprudence C) Forensic psychiatry D) Forensic psychology Answer: C Page Ref: 22 Objective: Understand what specialized forensic services, aside from the crime laboratory, are generally available to law enforcement personnel. Level: Intermediate 31) A crime scene which involved the collapse of a structure would be analyzed by specialists in the area of: A) Forensic computer and digital analysis. B) Forensic error analysis. C) Criminalistics. D) Forensic engineering. Answer: D Page R ef: 23 Objective: Understand what specialized forensic services, aside from the crime laboratory, are generally available to law enforcement personnel. Level: Intermediate 32) What factor(s) do(es) the court usually take into consideration as sufficient grounds for qualification as an expert witness? A) Experience B) Training C) Education D) All of the above Answer: D Page Ref: 19 Objective: Explain the role and responsibilities of the expert witness. Level: Intermediate 13 33) Specially trained personn el called ________ are employed by some crime laboratories on 24 -hour call to retrieve evidence and have all the proper tools and supplies for proper collection and packaging of evidence at their disposal. A) Evidence officers B) Crime scene investigators C) Evidence technicians D) Forensic pathologists Answer: C Page Ref: 21 Objective: Understand what specialized forensic services, aside from the crime laboratory, are generally available to law enforcement personnel. Level: Intermediate 34) In Kumho Tire Co., Ltd. v. Carmichael , the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the "gatekeeping" role of a trial judge: A) Was restricted to scientific testimony. B) Applied only to cases involving capital crimes. C) Was subject to appeal by a higher court. D) App lied to all expert testimony. Answer: D Page Ref: 18 Objective: Explain how physical evidence is analyzed and presented in the courtroom by the forensic scientist, and how admissibility of evidence is determined in the courtroom. Level: Intermediate 35) The judicial case that set forth the most current guidelines for determining the admissibility of scientific examinations in the federal courts is: A) Frye v. United States B) Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals C) Coppolino v. State of Florida D) Mapp v. United States Answer: B Page Ref: 18 Objective: Explain how physical evidence is analyzed and presented in the courtroom by the forensic scientist, and how admissibility of evidence is determined in the courtroom. Level: Intermediate 36) The dram atization of forensic science on television has led to a phenomenon known as the: A) NCIS effect B) NYPD effect C) CSI effect D) LAPD effect Answer: C Page Ref: 05 Objective: Explain the role and responsibilities of the expert witness. Level: Basic 14 37) The necessity for the forensic scientist to appear in court comes from the U.S. Supreme Court case: A) Melendez -Diaz v. Massachusetts B) Crawford v. Washington C) Coppolino v. State D) Frye v. United States Answer: A Page Ref: 20 Objective: Explain how physical evidence is analyzed and presented in the courtroom by the forensic scientist, and how admissibility of evidence is determined in the courtroom. Level: Basic 38) The current system of crime laboratories in the United States can best b e described as: A) Centralized. B) Regional. C) Decentralized. D) National. Answer: C Page Ref: 11 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 39) The lay witness provides testimony that relies on: A) Scientific education. B) Personal opinions. C) Personal knowledge. D) Scientific experience. Answer: C Page Ref: 20 Objective: Explain the role and responsibilities of the expert witness. Level: Intermediate 1.2 True/False Questions 1) One of the earliest crime laboratories was founded by Albert Osborn. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 08 Objective: Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 15 2) The case of Frye v. United States deals with the legal issue of general acceptance of scientific principles. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 17 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Inte rmediate 3) A polygraph examination does not normally lie within the expertise of the forensic scientist. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 14 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice sys tem. Level: Intermediate 4) The effectiveness of an expert's testimony does not usually depend on the educational background of the expert. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 19 Objective: Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Basic 5) Forensic science is the application of science to criminal laws only. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 04 Objective: Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Basic 6) Locard's exchange principle states that whenever two objects c ome into contact with one another, there is an exchange of materials between them. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 09 Objective: Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Basic 7) In 1972 New York began creating an integrated network of st ate-operated forensic laboratories consisting of regional and satellite facilities. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 09 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermed iate 16 8) The increase in U.S. crime rates since the 1960s did not have any effect on the growth of crime laboratories. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 10 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the crimin al justice system. Level: Basic 9) The federal government has no single law enforcement or investigative agency that has unlimited jurisdiction throughout the country. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 10) Differences in local laws have no effect on the variation of total services offered by crime labs in different communities. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 12 Objecti ve: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Basic 11) The physical science unit would perform soil and mineral analysis. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 13 Objective: Describe th e organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 12) The comparison of hairs and fibers would be performed in the biology unit. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 13 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 13) Examining garments and other objects in order to detect firearms discharge residues would be performed in the biology unit. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 13 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 17 14) Providing expert testimony is not one of the main functions of a forensic scientist. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 15 Objective: Explain the role and responsibilities of the expert witness. Level: Basic 15) Frye v. United States established the "general acceptance" rule. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 17 Objective: Explain how physical evidence is analyzed and presented in the courtroom by the forensic scientist, and how admissibility of evidence is determined in the courtroom. Level: Intermediate 16) An expert witness gives testimony on events or observations that arise from personal knowledge. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 20 Objective: Explain the role and responsibilities of the expert witness. Level: Intermediate 17) A lay witness's testimony cannot usually contain the personal opinions of the witness. Answer: TRUE Page Ref : 20 Objective: Explain the role and responsibilities of the expert witness. Level: Intermediate 18) Forensic anthropologists can use dental records such as X -rays, dental casts, and a photograph of a person's smile to compare a set of dental remains and a suspected victim. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 23 Objective: Understand what specialized forensic services, aside from the crime laboratory, are generally available to law enforcement personnel. Level: Intermediate 19) The physical science unit is responsible for examining burned or charred documents. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 13 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 20) The toxicology unit determines the alcoholic consumption of individuals. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 14 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 18 21) Karl Landsteiner and Lo uis Lattes are associated with the area of blood typing. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 08 Objective: Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Basic 22) Dr. Walter C. McCrone made significant contributions to forensic science using the microscope. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 08 Objective: Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Basic 23) The increase in crime rates in the U.S. has led to an increase in the number of crime laboratories. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 10 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 24) All illicit drug seizures must be sent to a forensic laboratory for confirmatory analysis. Answer: TR UE Page Ref: 10 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate 25) It is the responsibility of the forensic investigator to determine innocence or guilt. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 19 Objective: Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 26) The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is a state -run agency. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Distinguish be tween forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 27) Forensic odontologists look at bones to identify victims. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 23 Objective: Understand what specialized forensic services, aside from the crime laboratory, are gener ally available to law enforcement personnel. 19 Level: Intermediate 28) The American Academy of Forensic Sciences is the largest forensic science organization in the world. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 04 Objective: Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Intermediate 29) Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes had a large influence on popularizing scientific crime -detection methods. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 06 Objective: Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics. Level: Basic 30) The United States has no national system of forensic laboratories. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermedia te 31) The firearms unit may also analyze tool marks. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 13 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Basic 32) Physical evidence is subject to bias. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 15 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Basic 33) The current system of laboratories in the U.S. is decentralized. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Describe the organization and services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system. Level: Intermediate